The effects and costs of an anti-bullying program (KiVa) in UK primary schools: a multicenter cluster randomized controlled trial
Childhood bullying is a public health priority. We evaluated the effectiveness and costs of KiVa, a whole-school anti-bullying program that targets the peer context. A two-arm pragmatic multicenter cluster randomized controlled trial with embedded economic evaluation. Schools were randomized to KiVa...
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| creator | Bowes, Lucy Babu, Malavika Badger, Julia R Broome, Matthew R Cannings-John, Rebecca Clarkson, Suzy Coulman, Elinor Edwards, Rhiannon Tudor Ford, Tamsin Hastings, Richard P Hayes, Rachel Lugg-Widger, Fiona Owen-Jones, Eleri Patterson, Paul Segrott, Jeremy Sydenham, Mia Townson, Julia Watkins, Richard C Whiteley, Holly Williams, Margiad E Hutchings, Judy |
| description | Childhood bullying is a public health priority. We evaluated the effectiveness and costs of KiVa, a whole-school anti-bullying program that targets the peer context.
A two-arm pragmatic multicenter cluster randomized controlled trial with embedded economic evaluation. Schools were randomized to KiVa-intervention or usual practice (UP), stratified on school size and Free School Meals eligibility. KiVa was delivered by trained teachers across one school year. Follow-up was at 12 months post randomization. Primary outcome: student-reported bullying-victimization; secondary outcomes: self-reported bullying-perpetration, participant roles in bullying, empathy and teacher-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Outcomes were analyzed using multilevel linear and logistic regression models.
Between 8/11/2019-12/02/2021, 118 primary schools were recruited in four trial sites, 11 111 students in primary analysis (KiVa-intervention:
= 5944; 49.6% female; UP:
= 5167, 49.0% female). At baseline, 21.6% of students reported being bullied in the UP group and 20.3% in the KiVa-intervention group, reducing to 20.7% in the UP group and 17.7% in the KiVa-intervention group at follow-up (odds ratio 0.87; 95% confidence interval 0.78 to 0.97,
value = 0.009). Students in the KiVa group had significantly higher empathy and reduced peer problems. We found no differences in bullying perpetration, school wellbeing, emotional or behavioral problems. A priori subgroup analyses revealed no differences in effectiveness by socioeconomic gradient, or by gender. KiVa costs £20.78 more per pupil than usual practice in the first year, and £1.65 more per pupil in subsequent years.
The KiVa anti-bullying program is effective at reducing bullying victimization with small-moderate effects of public health importance.
The study was funded by the UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Public Health Research program (17-92-11). Intervention costs were funded by the Rayne Foundation, GwE North Wales Regional School Improvement Service, Children's Services, Devon County Council and HSBC Global Services (UK) Ltd. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1017/S0033291724002666 |
| format | Article |
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A two-arm pragmatic multicenter cluster randomized controlled trial with embedded economic evaluation. Schools were randomized to KiVa-intervention or usual practice (UP), stratified on school size and Free School Meals eligibility. KiVa was delivered by trained teachers across one school year. Follow-up was at 12 months post randomization. Primary outcome: student-reported bullying-victimization; secondary outcomes: self-reported bullying-perpetration, participant roles in bullying, empathy and teacher-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Outcomes were analyzed using multilevel linear and logistic regression models.
Between 8/11/2019-12/02/2021, 118 primary schools were recruited in four trial sites, 11 111 students in primary analysis (KiVa-intervention:
= 5944; 49.6% female; UP:
= 5167, 49.0% female). At baseline, 21.6% of students reported being bullied in the UP group and 20.3% in the KiVa-intervention group, reducing to 20.7% in the UP group and 17.7% in the KiVa-intervention group at follow-up (odds ratio 0.87; 95% confidence interval 0.78 to 0.97,
value = 0.009). Students in the KiVa group had significantly higher empathy and reduced peer problems. We found no differences in bullying perpetration, school wellbeing, emotional or behavioral problems. A priori subgroup analyses revealed no differences in effectiveness by socioeconomic gradient, or by gender. KiVa costs £20.78 more per pupil than usual practice in the first year, and £1.65 more per pupil in subsequent years.
The KiVa anti-bullying program is effective at reducing bullying victimization with small-moderate effects of public health importance.
The study was funded by the UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Public Health Research program (17-92-11). Intervention costs were funded by the Rayne Foundation, GwE North Wales Regional School Improvement Service, Children's Services, Devon County Council and HSBC Global Services (UK) Ltd.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0033-2917</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1469-8978</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1469-8978</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1017/S0033291724002666</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39620478</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Cambridge University Press</publisher><subject>Behavior problems ; Bullying ; Childhood ; Children ; Children & youth ; Clinical outcomes ; Clinical trials ; Consent ; Cost analysis ; COVID-19 ; Curricula ; Data collection ; Education ; Elementary schools ; Emotional behavior ; Empathy ; First year ; Free school meals ; Health education ; Intervention ; Meals ; Mental health ; Original ; Pandemics ; Parents & parenting ; Peers ; Public health ; Questionnaires ; Regression analysis ; Research methodology ; School meals ; Socioeconomic factors ; Students ; Teachers ; Teaching ; Victimization</subject><ispartof>Psychological medicine, 2024-11, Vol.54 (15), p.1-4373</ispartof><rights>Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited. (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2024 2024 The Author(s)</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><orcidid>0000-0001-5645-3875</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,12826,27904,27905,30979</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39620478$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bowes, Lucy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Babu, Malavika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Badger, Julia R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Broome, Matthew R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cannings-John, Rebecca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clarkson, Suzy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coulman, Elinor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Edwards, Rhiannon Tudor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ford, Tamsin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hastings, Richard P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hayes, Rachel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lugg-Widger, Fiona</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Owen-Jones, Eleri</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Patterson, Paul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Segrott, Jeremy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sydenham, Mia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Townson, Julia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Watkins, Richard C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Whiteley, Holly</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Williams, Margiad E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hutchings, Judy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stand Together Team</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>the Stand Together Team</creatorcontrib><title>The effects and costs of an anti-bullying program (KiVa) in UK primary schools: a multicenter cluster randomized controlled trial</title><title>Psychological medicine</title><addtitle>Psychol Med</addtitle><description>Childhood bullying is a public health priority. We evaluated the effectiveness and costs of KiVa, a whole-school anti-bullying program that targets the peer context.
A two-arm pragmatic multicenter cluster randomized controlled trial with embedded economic evaluation. Schools were randomized to KiVa-intervention or usual practice (UP), stratified on school size and Free School Meals eligibility. KiVa was delivered by trained teachers across one school year. Follow-up was at 12 months post randomization. Primary outcome: student-reported bullying-victimization; secondary outcomes: self-reported bullying-perpetration, participant roles in bullying, empathy and teacher-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Outcomes were analyzed using multilevel linear and logistic regression models.
Between 8/11/2019-12/02/2021, 118 primary schools were recruited in four trial sites, 11 111 students in primary analysis (KiVa-intervention:
= 5944; 49.6% female; UP:
= 5167, 49.0% female). At baseline, 21.6% of students reported being bullied in the UP group and 20.3% in the KiVa-intervention group, reducing to 20.7% in the UP group and 17.7% in the KiVa-intervention group at follow-up (odds ratio 0.87; 95% confidence interval 0.78 to 0.97,
value = 0.009). Students in the KiVa group had significantly higher empathy and reduced peer problems. We found no differences in bullying perpetration, school wellbeing, emotional or behavioral problems. A priori subgroup analyses revealed no differences in effectiveness by socioeconomic gradient, or by gender. KiVa costs £20.78 more per pupil than usual practice in the first year, and £1.65 more per pupil in subsequent years.
The KiVa anti-bullying program is effective at reducing bullying victimization with small-moderate effects of public health importance.
The study was funded by the UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Public Health Research program (17-92-11). Intervention costs were funded by the Rayne Foundation, GwE North Wales Regional School Improvement Service, Children's Services, Devon County Council and HSBC Global Services (UK) Ltd.</description><subject>Behavior problems</subject><subject>Bullying</subject><subject>Childhood</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Children & youth</subject><subject>Clinical outcomes</subject><subject>Clinical trials</subject><subject>Consent</subject><subject>Cost analysis</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>Curricula</subject><subject>Data collection</subject><subject>Education</subject><subject>Elementary schools</subject><subject>Emotional behavior</subject><subject>Empathy</subject><subject>First year</subject><subject>Free school meals</subject><subject>Health education</subject><subject>Intervention</subject><subject>Meals</subject><subject>Mental health</subject><subject>Original</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>Parents & parenting</subject><subject>Peers</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Research methodology</subject><subject>School meals</subject><subject>Socioeconomic factors</subject><subject>Students</subject><subject>Teachers</subject><subject>Teaching</subject><subject>Victimization</subject><issn>0033-2917</issn><issn>1469-8978</issn><issn>1469-8978</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNplUU1v1DAQtRAV3RZ-ABdkiUt7SPE4_ki4VKjiS63EgZar5U3Gu66cuNgJUrnxz3HoUlEqWXozfm-eZzyEvAR2Agz0m6-M1TVvQXPBGFdKPSErEKqtmlY3T8lqoauF3ycHOV8zBjUI_ozs163iTOhmRX5dbpGic9hNmdqxp13MJYquJOVMvlrPIdz6cUNvUtwkO9Cjc__NHlM_0qvzcukHm25p7rYxhvyWWjrMYfIdjhMm2oU5L5iKdRz8T1weGKcUQyjhlLwNz8mesyHjix0ekqsP7y_PPlUXXz5-Pnt3UXVc6alat5ILiQr_gONSMxRSdlY7yRvQuode1YBFh4I3XEpo-3UvHPZonRX1ITm9872Z1wP2S4PJBrMbwETrzUNm9FuziT8MgJIMZFMcjnYOKX6fMU9m8LnDEOyIcc6mfC5rOXDBi_T1f9LrOKexzFdUEphqBCwquFN1Keac0N13A8wsGzaPNlxqXv07xn3F35XWvwEaK6Ji</recordid><startdate>20241112</startdate><enddate>20241112</enddate><creator>Bowes, 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effects and costs of an anti-bullying program (KiVa) in UK primary schools: a multicenter cluster randomized controlled trial</title><author>Bowes, Lucy ; Babu, Malavika ; Badger, Julia R ; Broome, Matthew R ; Cannings-John, Rebecca ; Clarkson, Suzy ; Coulman, Elinor ; Edwards, Rhiannon Tudor ; Ford, Tamsin ; Hastings, Richard P ; Hayes, Rachel ; Lugg-Widger, Fiona ; Owen-Jones, Eleri ; Patterson, Paul ; Segrott, Jeremy ; Sydenham, Mia ; Townson, Julia ; Watkins, Richard C ; Whiteley, Holly ; Williams, Margiad E ; Hutchings, Judy</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c267t-b95245e6e5245ef2570e455ca7f528177d1d631eb95e42825519dbd4fedeafa43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Behavior problems</topic><topic>Bullying</topic><topic>Childhood</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Children & youth</topic><topic>Clinical outcomes</topic><topic>Clinical trials</topic><topic>Consent</topic><topic>Cost analysis</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>Curricula</topic><topic>Data collection</topic><topic>Education</topic><topic>Elementary schools</topic><topic>Emotional behavior</topic><topic>Empathy</topic><topic>First year</topic><topic>Free school meals</topic><topic>Health education</topic><topic>Intervention</topic><topic>Meals</topic><topic>Mental health</topic><topic>Original</topic><topic>Pandemics</topic><topic>Parents & parenting</topic><topic>Peers</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Questionnaires</topic><topic>Regression analysis</topic><topic>Research methodology</topic><topic>School meals</topic><topic>Socioeconomic factors</topic><topic>Students</topic><topic>Teachers</topic><topic>Teaching</topic><topic>Victimization</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Bowes, Lucy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Babu, Malavika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Badger, Julia 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Rebecca</au><au>Clarkson, Suzy</au><au>Coulman, Elinor</au><au>Edwards, Rhiannon Tudor</au><au>Ford, Tamsin</au><au>Hastings, Richard P</au><au>Hayes, Rachel</au><au>Lugg-Widger, Fiona</au><au>Owen-Jones, Eleri</au><au>Patterson, Paul</au><au>Segrott, Jeremy</au><au>Sydenham, Mia</au><au>Townson, Julia</au><au>Watkins, Richard C</au><au>Whiteley, Holly</au><au>Williams, Margiad E</au><au>Hutchings, Judy</au><aucorp>Stand Together Team</aucorp><aucorp>the Stand Together Team</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The effects and costs of an anti-bullying program (KiVa) in UK primary schools: a multicenter cluster randomized controlled trial</atitle><jtitle>Psychological medicine</jtitle><addtitle>Psychol Med</addtitle><date>2024-11-12</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>54</volume><issue>15</issue><spage>1</spage><epage>4373</epage><pages>1-4373</pages><issn>0033-2917</issn><issn>1469-8978</issn><eissn>1469-8978</eissn><abstract>Childhood bullying is a public health priority. We evaluated the effectiveness and costs of KiVa, a whole-school anti-bullying program that targets the peer context.
A two-arm pragmatic multicenter cluster randomized controlled trial with embedded economic evaluation. Schools were randomized to KiVa-intervention or usual practice (UP), stratified on school size and Free School Meals eligibility. KiVa was delivered by trained teachers across one school year. Follow-up was at 12 months post randomization. Primary outcome: student-reported bullying-victimization; secondary outcomes: self-reported bullying-perpetration, participant roles in bullying, empathy and teacher-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Outcomes were analyzed using multilevel linear and logistic regression models.
Between 8/11/2019-12/02/2021, 118 primary schools were recruited in four trial sites, 11 111 students in primary analysis (KiVa-intervention:
= 5944; 49.6% female; UP:
= 5167, 49.0% female). At baseline, 21.6% of students reported being bullied in the UP group and 20.3% in the KiVa-intervention group, reducing to 20.7% in the UP group and 17.7% in the KiVa-intervention group at follow-up (odds ratio 0.87; 95% confidence interval 0.78 to 0.97,
value = 0.009). Students in the KiVa group had significantly higher empathy and reduced peer problems. We found no differences in bullying perpetration, school wellbeing, emotional or behavioral problems. A priori subgroup analyses revealed no differences in effectiveness by socioeconomic gradient, or by gender. KiVa costs £20.78 more per pupil than usual practice in the first year, and £1.65 more per pupil in subsequent years.
The KiVa anti-bullying program is effective at reducing bullying victimization with small-moderate effects of public health importance.
The study was funded by the UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Public Health Research program (17-92-11). Intervention costs were funded by the Rayne Foundation, GwE North Wales Regional School Improvement Service, Children's Services, Devon County Council and HSBC Global Services (UK) Ltd.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Cambridge University Press</pub><pmid>39620478</pmid><doi>10.1017/S0033291724002666</doi><tpages>12</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5645-3875</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0033-2917 |
| ispartof | Psychological medicine, 2024-11, Vol.54 (15), p.1-4373 |
| issn | 0033-2917 1469-8978 1469-8978 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_11650158 |
| source | Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA); Cambridge University Press Journals Complete |
| subjects | Behavior problems Bullying Childhood Children Children & youth Clinical outcomes Clinical trials Consent Cost analysis COVID-19 Curricula Data collection Education Elementary schools Emotional behavior Empathy First year Free school meals Health education Intervention Meals Mental health Original Pandemics Parents & parenting Peers Public health Questionnaires Regression analysis Research methodology School meals Socioeconomic factors Students Teachers Teaching Victimization |
| title | The effects and costs of an anti-bullying program (KiVa) in UK primary schools: a multicenter cluster randomized controlled trial |
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