Field-testing the explicit diagnostic criteria for transient ischemic attack: a diagnostic accuracy study
Background and aim Explicit diagnostic criteria for transient ischemic attack (TIA) (EDCT) have been recently proposed based on the assumption, that a migraine aura-like symptom is not typical for a TIA. However, migraine-like symptoms have been unexpectedly frequent in patients with confirmed ische...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of neurology 2025-01, Vol.272 (1), p.79, Article 79 |
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| creator | Scutelnic, Adrian auf der Maur, Seraina Michèle Branca, Mattia Beyeler, Morin Horvath, Thomas Bücke, Philip Meinel, Thomas Lebedeva, Elena R. Olesen, Jes Riederer, Franz Dobrocky, Tomas Gralla, Jan Arnold, Marcel Fischer, Urs Mattle, Heinrich P. Jung, Simon Schankin, Christoph J. |
| description | Background and aim
Explicit diagnostic criteria for transient ischemic attack (TIA) (EDCT) have been recently proposed based on the assumption, that a migraine aura-like symptom is not typical for a TIA. However, migraine-like symptoms have been unexpectedly frequent in patients with confirmed ischemic stroke. This cross-sectional study aimed to field-test the EDCT to distinguish transient neurological symptoms caused by cerebral infarction from those caused by migraine aura.
Methods
The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the EDCT score were calculated in samples of patients with (i) transient symptoms caused by cerebral infarction confirmed by imaging and (ii) patients with migraine with aura diagnosed according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the original and modified EDCT were calculated, as well as area under the curve adjusted for age and sex using the logistic regression method.
Results
The study population included 59 patients with cerebral infarction and 324 patients with migraine with aura. The median age of the stroke group was 72 (IQR 61–81) and of the migraine group 39 (IQR 29–53). There were 36 (61%) men in the stroke group and 221 (68%) women in the migraine group. For the detection of TIA with imaging-proven cerebral infarction, the
original
EDCT had a sensitivity of 90% (95%CI 79–96), a specificity 77% (95%CI 72–82), a positive predictive value of 42% (95%CI 33–51), and the negative predictive value 98% (95% CI 95–99). For the
modified
EDCT, the sensitivity was 81% (95%CI 69–90), the specificity 97% (95%CI 94–98), the positive predictive value 81% (95%CI 69–90), and the negative predictive value 97% (95%CI 94–98).
Conclusions
The original and modified EDCT criteria miss up to 1 of 10 and 1 of 5 patients, respectively, with transient symptoms due to cerebral infarction. However, the modified EDCT criteria are more specific but less sensitive in detection of ischemic events. The optimal combination of clinical markers to reliably distinguish TIA from migraine aura remains to be found. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00415-024-12733-2 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_11649740</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>3146855974</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c312t-3dfd361e296d2a3e1a717678368492a3d877bb940c5ed5a9ad32f3f69a9f7fcf3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kU9vVCEUxYnR2Gn1C7gwL3HjBgUuPB5ujGmsmjRxo2tyhz8z1DfvjcAzzreXdmqtLlyRcH7ncC-HkGecveKM6deFMckVZUJSLjQAFQ_IiksQlEtlHpIVA8moAiVPyGkpV4yxoQmPyQmYfmAC9IqkixRGT2soNU2brm5DF37ux-RS7XzCzTQ3wXUupxpywi7OuasZp5LCVLtU3Dbsmo61ovv2psP7JnRuyegOXamLPzwhjyKOJTy9Pc_I14v3X84_0svPHz6dv7ukDrioFHz00PMgTO8FQuCoue71AP0gTbvwg9brtZHMqeAVGvQgIsTeoIk6ughn5O0xd7-sd8G7NmfG0e5z2mE-2BmT_VuZ0tZu5h-W814aLVlLeHmbkOfvS_sZu2uLhnHEKcxLscBlPyjV2Ia--Ae9mpc8tf2uKSUGCXJolDhSLs-l5BDvpuHMXldpj1XaVqW9qdKKZnp-f487y-_uGgBHoDRp2oT85-3_xP4CD0eryg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>3145284348</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Field-testing the explicit diagnostic criteria for transient ischemic attack: a diagnostic accuracy study</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals</source><creator>Scutelnic, Adrian ; auf der Maur, Seraina Michèle ; Branca, Mattia ; Beyeler, Morin ; Horvath, Thomas ; Bücke, Philip ; Meinel, Thomas ; Lebedeva, Elena R. ; Olesen, Jes ; Riederer, Franz ; Dobrocky, Tomas ; Gralla, Jan ; Arnold, Marcel ; Fischer, Urs ; Mattle, Heinrich P. ; Jung, Simon ; Schankin, Christoph J.</creator><creatorcontrib>Scutelnic, Adrian ; auf der Maur, Seraina Michèle ; Branca, Mattia ; Beyeler, Morin ; Horvath, Thomas ; Bücke, Philip ; Meinel, Thomas ; Lebedeva, Elena R. ; Olesen, Jes ; Riederer, Franz ; Dobrocky, Tomas ; Gralla, Jan ; Arnold, Marcel ; Fischer, Urs ; Mattle, Heinrich P. ; Jung, Simon ; Schankin, Christoph J.</creatorcontrib><description>Background and aim
Explicit diagnostic criteria for transient ischemic attack (TIA) (EDCT) have been recently proposed based on the assumption, that a migraine aura-like symptom is not typical for a TIA. However, migraine-like symptoms have been unexpectedly frequent in patients with confirmed ischemic stroke. This cross-sectional study aimed to field-test the EDCT to distinguish transient neurological symptoms caused by cerebral infarction from those caused by migraine aura.
Methods
The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the EDCT score were calculated in samples of patients with (i) transient symptoms caused by cerebral infarction confirmed by imaging and (ii) patients with migraine with aura diagnosed according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the original and modified EDCT were calculated, as well as area under the curve adjusted for age and sex using the logistic regression method.
Results
The study population included 59 patients with cerebral infarction and 324 patients with migraine with aura. The median age of the stroke group was 72 (IQR 61–81) and of the migraine group 39 (IQR 29–53). There were 36 (61%) men in the stroke group and 221 (68%) women in the migraine group. For the detection of TIA with imaging-proven cerebral infarction, the
original
EDCT had a sensitivity of 90% (95%CI 79–96), a specificity 77% (95%CI 72–82), a positive predictive value of 42% (95%CI 33–51), and the negative predictive value 98% (95% CI 95–99). For the
modified
EDCT, the sensitivity was 81% (95%CI 69–90), the specificity 97% (95%CI 94–98), the positive predictive value 81% (95%CI 69–90), and the negative predictive value 97% (95%CI 94–98).
Conclusions
The original and modified EDCT criteria miss up to 1 of 10 and 1 of 5 patients, respectively, with transient symptoms due to cerebral infarction. However, the modified EDCT criteria are more specific but less sensitive in detection of ischemic events. The optimal combination of clinical markers to reliably distinguish TIA from migraine aura remains to be found.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0340-5354</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1432-1459</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-1459</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12733-2</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39680237</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cerebral infarction ; Cerebral Infarction - diagnosis ; Cerebral Infarction - diagnostic imaging ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Ischemia ; Ischemic Attack, Transient - diagnosis ; Male ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Middle Aged ; Migraine ; Migraine with Aura - diagnosis ; Neurology ; Neuroradiology ; Neurosciences ; Original Communication ; Population studies ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Sensitivity analysis ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Stroke ; Transient ischemic attack</subject><ispartof>Journal of neurology, 2025-01, Vol.272 (1), p.79, Article 79</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2024</rights><rights>2024. The Author(s).</rights><rights>Copyright Springer Nature B.V. Jan 2025</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2024 2024</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c312t-3dfd361e296d2a3e1a717678368492a3d877bb940c5ed5a9ad32f3f69a9f7fcf3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-4668-6098</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00415-024-12733-2$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00415-024-12733-2$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,27903,27904,41467,42536,51297</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39680237$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Scutelnic, Adrian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>auf der Maur, Seraina Michèle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Branca, Mattia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beyeler, Morin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Horvath, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bücke, Philip</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meinel, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lebedeva, Elena R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olesen, Jes</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Riederer, Franz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dobrocky, Tomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gralla, Jan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arnold, Marcel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fischer, Urs</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mattle, Heinrich P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jung, Simon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schankin, Christoph J.</creatorcontrib><title>Field-testing the explicit diagnostic criteria for transient ischemic attack: a diagnostic accuracy study</title><title>Journal of neurology</title><addtitle>J Neurol</addtitle><addtitle>J Neurol</addtitle><description>Background and aim
Explicit diagnostic criteria for transient ischemic attack (TIA) (EDCT) have been recently proposed based on the assumption, that a migraine aura-like symptom is not typical for a TIA. However, migraine-like symptoms have been unexpectedly frequent in patients with confirmed ischemic stroke. This cross-sectional study aimed to field-test the EDCT to distinguish transient neurological symptoms caused by cerebral infarction from those caused by migraine aura.
Methods
The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the EDCT score were calculated in samples of patients with (i) transient symptoms caused by cerebral infarction confirmed by imaging and (ii) patients with migraine with aura diagnosed according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the original and modified EDCT were calculated, as well as area under the curve adjusted for age and sex using the logistic regression method.
Results
The study population included 59 patients with cerebral infarction and 324 patients with migraine with aura. The median age of the stroke group was 72 (IQR 61–81) and of the migraine group 39 (IQR 29–53). There were 36 (61%) men in the stroke group and 221 (68%) women in the migraine group. For the detection of TIA with imaging-proven cerebral infarction, the
original
EDCT had a sensitivity of 90% (95%CI 79–96), a specificity 77% (95%CI 72–82), a positive predictive value of 42% (95%CI 33–51), and the negative predictive value 98% (95% CI 95–99). For the
modified
EDCT, the sensitivity was 81% (95%CI 69–90), the specificity 97% (95%CI 94–98), the positive predictive value 81% (95%CI 69–90), and the negative predictive value 97% (95%CI 94–98).
Conclusions
The original and modified EDCT criteria miss up to 1 of 10 and 1 of 5 patients, respectively, with transient symptoms due to cerebral infarction. However, the modified EDCT criteria are more specific but less sensitive in detection of ischemic events. The optimal combination of clinical markers to reliably distinguish TIA from migraine aura remains to be found.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Cerebral infarction</subject><subject>Cerebral Infarction - diagnosis</subject><subject>Cerebral Infarction - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Diagnosis, Differential</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Headache</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Ischemia</subject><subject>Ischemic Attack, Transient - diagnosis</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Migraine</subject><subject>Migraine with Aura - diagnosis</subject><subject>Neurology</subject><subject>Neuroradiology</subject><subject>Neurosciences</subject><subject>Original Communication</subject><subject>Population studies</subject><subject>Predictive Value of Tests</subject><subject>Sensitivity analysis</subject><subject>Sensitivity and Specificity</subject><subject>Stroke</subject><subject>Transient ischemic attack</subject><issn>0340-5354</issn><issn>1432-1459</issn><issn>1432-1459</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2025</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU9vVCEUxYnR2Gn1C7gwL3HjBgUuPB5ujGmsmjRxo2tyhz8z1DfvjcAzzreXdmqtLlyRcH7ncC-HkGecveKM6deFMckVZUJSLjQAFQ_IiksQlEtlHpIVA8moAiVPyGkpV4yxoQmPyQmYfmAC9IqkixRGT2soNU2brm5DF37ux-RS7XzCzTQ3wXUupxpywi7OuasZp5LCVLtU3Dbsmo61ovv2psP7JnRuyegOXamLPzwhjyKOJTy9Pc_I14v3X84_0svPHz6dv7ukDrioFHz00PMgTO8FQuCoue71AP0gTbvwg9brtZHMqeAVGvQgIsTeoIk6ughn5O0xd7-sd8G7NmfG0e5z2mE-2BmT_VuZ0tZu5h-W814aLVlLeHmbkOfvS_sZu2uLhnHEKcxLscBlPyjV2Ia--Ae9mpc8tf2uKSUGCXJolDhSLs-l5BDvpuHMXldpj1XaVqW9qdKKZnp-f487y-_uGgBHoDRp2oT85-3_xP4CD0eryg</recordid><startdate>20250101</startdate><enddate>20250101</enddate><creator>Scutelnic, Adrian</creator><creator>auf der Maur, Seraina Michèle</creator><creator>Branca, Mattia</creator><creator>Beyeler, Morin</creator><creator>Horvath, Thomas</creator><creator>Bücke, Philip</creator><creator>Meinel, Thomas</creator><creator>Lebedeva, Elena R.</creator><creator>Olesen, Jes</creator><creator>Riederer, Franz</creator><creator>Dobrocky, Tomas</creator><creator>Gralla, Jan</creator><creator>Arnold, Marcel</creator><creator>Fischer, Urs</creator><creator>Mattle, Heinrich P.</creator><creator>Jung, Simon</creator><creator>Schankin, Christoph J.</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4668-6098</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20250101</creationdate><title>Field-testing the explicit diagnostic criteria for transient ischemic attack: a diagnostic accuracy study</title><author>Scutelnic, Adrian ; auf der Maur, Seraina Michèle ; Branca, Mattia ; Beyeler, Morin ; Horvath, Thomas ; Bücke, Philip ; Meinel, Thomas ; Lebedeva, Elena R. ; Olesen, Jes ; Riederer, Franz ; Dobrocky, Tomas ; Gralla, Jan ; Arnold, Marcel ; Fischer, Urs ; Mattle, Heinrich P. ; Jung, Simon ; Schankin, Christoph J.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c312t-3dfd361e296d2a3e1a717678368492a3d877bb940c5ed5a9ad32f3f69a9f7fcf3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2025</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Cerebral infarction</topic><topic>Cerebral Infarction - diagnosis</topic><topic>Cerebral Infarction - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Diagnosis, Differential</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Headache</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Ischemia</topic><topic>Ischemic Attack, Transient - diagnosis</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Migraine</topic><topic>Migraine with Aura - diagnosis</topic><topic>Neurology</topic><topic>Neuroradiology</topic><topic>Neurosciences</topic><topic>Original Communication</topic><topic>Population studies</topic><topic>Predictive Value of Tests</topic><topic>Sensitivity analysis</topic><topic>Sensitivity and Specificity</topic><topic>Stroke</topic><topic>Transient ischemic attack</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Scutelnic, Adrian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>auf der Maur, Seraina Michèle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Branca, Mattia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beyeler, Morin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Horvath, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bücke, Philip</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meinel, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lebedeva, Elena R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olesen, Jes</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Riederer, Franz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dobrocky, Tomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gralla, Jan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arnold, Marcel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fischer, Urs</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mattle, Heinrich P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jung, Simon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schankin, Christoph J.</creatorcontrib><collection>SpringerOpen</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of neurology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Scutelnic, Adrian</au><au>auf der Maur, Seraina Michèle</au><au>Branca, Mattia</au><au>Beyeler, Morin</au><au>Horvath, Thomas</au><au>Bücke, Philip</au><au>Meinel, Thomas</au><au>Lebedeva, Elena R.</au><au>Olesen, Jes</au><au>Riederer, Franz</au><au>Dobrocky, Tomas</au><au>Gralla, Jan</au><au>Arnold, Marcel</au><au>Fischer, Urs</au><au>Mattle, Heinrich P.</au><au>Jung, Simon</au><au>Schankin, Christoph J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Field-testing the explicit diagnostic criteria for transient ischemic attack: a diagnostic accuracy study</atitle><jtitle>Journal of neurology</jtitle><stitle>J Neurol</stitle><addtitle>J Neurol</addtitle><date>2025-01-01</date><risdate>2025</risdate><volume>272</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>79</spage><pages>79-</pages><artnum>79</artnum><issn>0340-5354</issn><issn>1432-1459</issn><eissn>1432-1459</eissn><abstract>Background and aim
Explicit diagnostic criteria for transient ischemic attack (TIA) (EDCT) have been recently proposed based on the assumption, that a migraine aura-like symptom is not typical for a TIA. However, migraine-like symptoms have been unexpectedly frequent in patients with confirmed ischemic stroke. This cross-sectional study aimed to field-test the EDCT to distinguish transient neurological symptoms caused by cerebral infarction from those caused by migraine aura.
Methods
The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the EDCT score were calculated in samples of patients with (i) transient symptoms caused by cerebral infarction confirmed by imaging and (ii) patients with migraine with aura diagnosed according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the original and modified EDCT were calculated, as well as area under the curve adjusted for age and sex using the logistic regression method.
Results
The study population included 59 patients with cerebral infarction and 324 patients with migraine with aura. The median age of the stroke group was 72 (IQR 61–81) and of the migraine group 39 (IQR 29–53). There were 36 (61%) men in the stroke group and 221 (68%) women in the migraine group. For the detection of TIA with imaging-proven cerebral infarction, the
original
EDCT had a sensitivity of 90% (95%CI 79–96), a specificity 77% (95%CI 72–82), a positive predictive value of 42% (95%CI 33–51), and the negative predictive value 98% (95% CI 95–99). For the
modified
EDCT, the sensitivity was 81% (95%CI 69–90), the specificity 97% (95%CI 94–98), the positive predictive value 81% (95%CI 69–90), and the negative predictive value 97% (95%CI 94–98).
Conclusions
The original and modified EDCT criteria miss up to 1 of 10 and 1 of 5 patients, respectively, with transient symptoms due to cerebral infarction. However, the modified EDCT criteria are more specific but less sensitive in detection of ischemic events. The optimal combination of clinical markers to reliably distinguish TIA from migraine aura remains to be found.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>39680237</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00415-024-12733-2</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4668-6098</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Cerebral infarction Cerebral Infarction - diagnosis Cerebral Infarction - diagnostic imaging Cross-Sectional Studies Diagnosis, Differential Female Headache Humans Ischemia Ischemic Attack, Transient - diagnosis Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Middle Aged Migraine Migraine with Aura - diagnosis Neurology Neuroradiology Neurosciences Original Communication Population studies Predictive Value of Tests Sensitivity analysis Sensitivity and Specificity Stroke Transient ischemic attack |
| title | Field-testing the explicit diagnostic criteria for transient ischemic attack: a diagnostic accuracy study |
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