A rare cause of recurrent massive hemoptysis

Pulmonary artery aneurysmal rupture is a rare cause of massive hemoptysis. When the suspected origin of bleeding is the pulmonary artery, comprehensive evaluation is necessary to determine aetiology and guide appropriate management. Behçet's disease and Hughes–Stovin Syndrome (HSS) are important differentials to consider after infections and malignancy have been ruled out. Pulmonary artery aneurysms with aneurysmal wall enhancement and ‘in‐situ’ thrombus should prompt the suspicion of HSS. Early diagnosis and treatment with immunosuppressants and endovascular interventions in selected patients may improve the prognosis and prevent episodes of fatal hemoptysis. This case report describes a rare cause of hemoptysis, namely, Hughes–Stovin syndrome. This entity, which is a vascular phenotype of Behcet's disease, can present with massive hemoptysis secondary to rupture of pulmonary artery aneurysm. Exclusion of alternative diagnoses and a high index of suspicion are necessary for timely diagnosis and appropriate management.