Characterizing Drug use Typologies and Their Association with Sexual Risk Behaviors: A Latent Class Analysis Among Men who have Sex with Men in Mexico
Introduction Drug use behaviors are closely associated with increased risk for HIV and other STIs among men who have sex with men (MSM) globally. Less is known about the drug use characteristics and their association with HIV/STI risk among MSM in Mexico, who have 13 times higher risk of acquiring H...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Sexuality research & social policy 2024, Vol.21 (4), p.1406-1417 |
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| creator | Algarin, Angel B. Lara, Marisol Valenzuela Hernandez-Avila, Mauricio Baruch-Dominguez, Ricardo Sanchez, Travis Strathdee, Steffanie A. Smith, Laramie R. |
| description | Introduction
Drug use behaviors are closely associated with increased risk for HIV and other STIs among men who have sex with men (MSM) globally. Less is known about the drug use characteristics and their association with HIV/STI risk among MSM in Mexico, who have 13 times higher risk of acquiring HIV than the general population. We characterized distinct classes of drug use behaviors among a nationwide sample of MSM in Mexico and tested their associations with HIV risk behaviors.
Methods
We used latent class analysis (LCA) to analyze injection/non-injection drug use data collected by the online
Encuesta de Sexo Entre Hombres
self-administered survey among 15,875 MSM living in Mexico between May-June 2017. MSM were recruited on general social media sites (e.g. Facebook and Twitter), popular LGBT + focused web pages (e.g. Soy Homosensual and Desastre), and dating apps (e.g. Grindr and Hornet). We used robust Poisson regression to examine associations between drug use classes and recent sexual risk behaviors while adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics.
Results
Most participants were under 30 years of age (65.5%), received a Bachelor’s degree or higher (65.2%), gay-identified (82.5%), HIV negative (58.1%), and lived in the Mexico City/State of Mexico region (34.5%). We identified five distinct drug use classes: Limited Drug Use (75.4%), Marijuana Only (15.1%), Sex Event Popper + Marijuana (4.3%), Club Drug + Marijuana (4.2%), and Elevated Polydrug Use (1.0%). Compared to the Limited Drug Use class, participants in all other drug use classes were significantly more likely to engage in condomless anal intercourse (aPR = 1.14–1.39; p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s13178-023-00861-9 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_11634946</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>3146851831</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c475t-7511fbb74a7c218359e57ae7cc0d3f6b81869c917ae3b5ac30c48fbdb77d64e3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kU1v1DAQhiNERUvhD3BAlrhwSWuv449wQctCAWkREuzdcpxJ4pKNF09SuvwQfi_eppSPA6cZeZ55Zzxvlj1h9IxRqs6RcaZ0Thc8p1RLlpf3shMmBM-lZPR-yrXUeal1cZw9RLyklAstigfZMS-lkiUVJ9mPVWejdSNE_90PLXkdp5ZMCGSz34U-tB6Q2KEmmw58JEvE4LwdfRjINz925DNcT7Ynnzx-Ia-gs1c-RHxBlmRtRxhGsuotIlkOtt-jT8k2pBkfIHV3gSQcDgqz1OHVDylcexceZUeN7REe38bTbHPxZrN6l68_vn2_Wq5zVygx5kow1lSVKqxyC6a5KEEoC8o5WvNGVjpdoHQlS2-8EtZx6grdVHWlVC0L4KfZy1l2N1VbqF1aOdre7KLf2rg3wXrzd2XwnWnDlWFM8qIsZFJ4fqsQw9cJcDRbjw763g4QJjScFVKLtBpL6LN_0MswxXSaG4pTpZNkohYz5WJAjNDcbcOoOdhuZttNst3c2G4OTU___Mddyy-fE8BnAFNpaCH-nv0f2Z_NwrqE</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>3143078349</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Characterizing Drug use Typologies and Their Association with Sexual Risk Behaviors: A Latent Class Analysis Among Men who have Sex with Men in Mexico</title><source>PAIS Index</source><source>Sociological Abstracts</source><source>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</source><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Algarin, Angel B. ; Lara, Marisol Valenzuela ; Hernandez-Avila, Mauricio ; Baruch-Dominguez, Ricardo ; Sanchez, Travis ; Strathdee, Steffanie A. ; Smith, Laramie R.</creator><creatorcontrib>Algarin, Angel B. ; Lara, Marisol Valenzuela ; Hernandez-Avila, Mauricio ; Baruch-Dominguez, Ricardo ; Sanchez, Travis ; Strathdee, Steffanie A. ; Smith, Laramie R.</creatorcontrib><description>Introduction
Drug use behaviors are closely associated with increased risk for HIV and other STIs among men who have sex with men (MSM) globally. Less is known about the drug use characteristics and their association with HIV/STI risk among MSM in Mexico, who have 13 times higher risk of acquiring HIV than the general population. We characterized distinct classes of drug use behaviors among a nationwide sample of MSM in Mexico and tested their associations with HIV risk behaviors.
Methods
We used latent class analysis (LCA) to analyze injection/non-injection drug use data collected by the online
Encuesta de Sexo Entre Hombres
self-administered survey among 15,875 MSM living in Mexico between May-June 2017. MSM were recruited on general social media sites (e.g. Facebook and Twitter), popular LGBT + focused web pages (e.g. Soy Homosensual and Desastre), and dating apps (e.g. Grindr and Hornet). We used robust Poisson regression to examine associations between drug use classes and recent sexual risk behaviors while adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics.
Results
Most participants were under 30 years of age (65.5%), received a Bachelor’s degree or higher (65.2%), gay-identified (82.5%), HIV negative (58.1%), and lived in the Mexico City/State of Mexico region (34.5%). We identified five distinct drug use classes: Limited Drug Use (75.4%), Marijuana Only (15.1%), Sex Event Popper + Marijuana (4.3%), Club Drug + Marijuana (4.2%), and Elevated Polydrug Use (1.0%). Compared to the Limited Drug Use class, participants in all other drug use classes were significantly more likely to engage in condomless anal intercourse (aPR = 1.14–1.39; p < 0.001), sex exchange (aPR = 1.37–4.99; p < 0.001), anonymous sex (aPR = 1.22–2.01; p < 0.001), group sex (aPR = 1.50–3.28; p < 0.001), and report an STI diagnosis in the past 12 months (aPR = 1.24–2.20; p < 0.002). Estimates were largest among the Elevated Polydrug Use class.
Conclusions
This study is the first to characterize drug use behaviors and HIV/STI risk among a national sample of MSM in Mexico. Understanding how distinct combinations of drug use behaviors impact sexual risk and prevention behaviors among MSM can inform how best to target and tailor future interventions to reduce HIV/STI incidence.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1868-9884</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1553-6610</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s13178-023-00861-9</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39676905</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Acquired immune deficiency syndrome ; AIDS ; Anal intercourse ; Baccalaureate degrees ; Behavioral Science and Psychology ; Dating services ; Drug abuse ; Drug use ; Drugs ; Gender ; HIV ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Latent class analysis ; LGBTQ people ; Marijuana ; Medical diagnosis ; Men ; Men who have sex with men ; Methamphetamine ; Multiple drugs ; Prevention programs ; Psychology ; Risk behavior ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexual intercourse ; Sexuality ; Sexually transmitted diseases ; Social media ; Social networks ; Social policy ; Social Sciences ; Sociodemographics ; STD</subject><ispartof>Sexuality research & social policy, 2024, Vol.21 (4), p.1406-1417</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2023 Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><rights>Copyright Springer Nature B.V. Dec 2024</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. 2023</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c475t-7511fbb74a7c218359e57ae7cc0d3f6b81869c917ae3b5ac30c48fbdb77d64e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c475t-7511fbb74a7c218359e57ae7cc0d3f6b81869c917ae3b5ac30c48fbdb77d64e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13178-023-00861-9$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13178-023-00861-9$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27865,27923,27924,30998,33773,41487,42556,51318</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39676905$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Algarin, Angel B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lara, Marisol Valenzuela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hernandez-Avila, Mauricio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baruch-Dominguez, Ricardo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sanchez, Travis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Strathdee, Steffanie A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smith, Laramie R.</creatorcontrib><title>Characterizing Drug use Typologies and Their Association with Sexual Risk Behaviors: A Latent Class Analysis Among Men who have Sex with Men in Mexico</title><title>Sexuality research & social policy</title><addtitle>Sex Res Soc Policy</addtitle><addtitle>Sex Res Social Policy</addtitle><description>Introduction
Drug use behaviors are closely associated with increased risk for HIV and other STIs among men who have sex with men (MSM) globally. Less is known about the drug use characteristics and their association with HIV/STI risk among MSM in Mexico, who have 13 times higher risk of acquiring HIV than the general population. We characterized distinct classes of drug use behaviors among a nationwide sample of MSM in Mexico and tested their associations with HIV risk behaviors.
Methods
We used latent class analysis (LCA) to analyze injection/non-injection drug use data collected by the online
Encuesta de Sexo Entre Hombres
self-administered survey among 15,875 MSM living in Mexico between May-June 2017. MSM were recruited on general social media sites (e.g. Facebook and Twitter), popular LGBT + focused web pages (e.g. Soy Homosensual and Desastre), and dating apps (e.g. Grindr and Hornet). We used robust Poisson regression to examine associations between drug use classes and recent sexual risk behaviors while adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics.
Results
Most participants were under 30 years of age (65.5%), received a Bachelor’s degree or higher (65.2%), gay-identified (82.5%), HIV negative (58.1%), and lived in the Mexico City/State of Mexico region (34.5%). We identified five distinct drug use classes: Limited Drug Use (75.4%), Marijuana Only (15.1%), Sex Event Popper + Marijuana (4.3%), Club Drug + Marijuana (4.2%), and Elevated Polydrug Use (1.0%). Compared to the Limited Drug Use class, participants in all other drug use classes were significantly more likely to engage in condomless anal intercourse (aPR = 1.14–1.39; p < 0.001), sex exchange (aPR = 1.37–4.99; p < 0.001), anonymous sex (aPR = 1.22–2.01; p < 0.001), group sex (aPR = 1.50–3.28; p < 0.001), and report an STI diagnosis in the past 12 months (aPR = 1.24–2.20; p < 0.002). Estimates were largest among the Elevated Polydrug Use class.
Conclusions
This study is the first to characterize drug use behaviors and HIV/STI risk among a national sample of MSM in Mexico. Understanding how distinct combinations of drug use behaviors impact sexual risk and prevention behaviors among MSM can inform how best to target and tailor future interventions to reduce HIV/STI incidence.</description><subject>Acquired immune deficiency syndrome</subject><subject>AIDS</subject><subject>Anal intercourse</subject><subject>Baccalaureate degrees</subject><subject>Behavioral Science and Psychology</subject><subject>Dating services</subject><subject>Drug abuse</subject><subject>Drug use</subject><subject>Drugs</subject><subject>Gender</subject><subject>HIV</subject><subject>Human immunodeficiency virus</subject><subject>Latent class analysis</subject><subject>LGBTQ people</subject><subject>Marijuana</subject><subject>Medical diagnosis</subject><subject>Men</subject><subject>Men who have sex with men</subject><subject>Methamphetamine</subject><subject>Multiple drugs</subject><subject>Prevention programs</subject><subject>Psychology</subject><subject>Risk behavior</subject><subject>Sexual Behavior</subject><subject>Sexual intercourse</subject><subject>Sexuality</subject><subject>Sexually transmitted diseases</subject><subject>Social media</subject><subject>Social networks</subject><subject>Social policy</subject><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subject>Sociodemographics</subject><subject>STD</subject><issn>1868-9884</issn><issn>1553-6610</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><sourceid>7TQ</sourceid><sourceid>BHHNA</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU1v1DAQhiNERUvhD3BAlrhwSWuv449wQctCAWkREuzdcpxJ4pKNF09SuvwQfi_eppSPA6cZeZ55Zzxvlj1h9IxRqs6RcaZ0Thc8p1RLlpf3shMmBM-lZPR-yrXUeal1cZw9RLyklAstigfZMS-lkiUVJ9mPVWejdSNE_90PLXkdp5ZMCGSz34U-tB6Q2KEmmw58JEvE4LwdfRjINz925DNcT7Ynnzx-Ia-gs1c-RHxBlmRtRxhGsuotIlkOtt-jT8k2pBkfIHV3gSQcDgqz1OHVDylcexceZUeN7REe38bTbHPxZrN6l68_vn2_Wq5zVygx5kow1lSVKqxyC6a5KEEoC8o5WvNGVjpdoHQlS2-8EtZx6grdVHWlVC0L4KfZy1l2N1VbqF1aOdre7KLf2rg3wXrzd2XwnWnDlWFM8qIsZFJ4fqsQw9cJcDRbjw763g4QJjScFVKLtBpL6LN_0MswxXSaG4pTpZNkohYz5WJAjNDcbcOoOdhuZttNst3c2G4OTU___Mddyy-fE8BnAFNpaCH-nv0f2Z_NwrqE</recordid><startdate>2024</startdate><enddate>2024</enddate><creator>Algarin, Angel B.</creator><creator>Lara, Marisol Valenzuela</creator><creator>Hernandez-Avila, Mauricio</creator><creator>Baruch-Dominguez, Ricardo</creator><creator>Sanchez, Travis</creator><creator>Strathdee, Steffanie A.</creator><creator>Smith, Laramie R.</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7TQ</scope><scope>7U4</scope><scope>BHHNA</scope><scope>DHY</scope><scope>DON</scope><scope>DWI</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>WZK</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>2024</creationdate><title>Characterizing Drug use Typologies and Their Association with Sexual Risk Behaviors: A Latent Class Analysis Among Men who have Sex with Men in Mexico</title><author>Algarin, Angel B. ; Lara, Marisol Valenzuela ; Hernandez-Avila, Mauricio ; Baruch-Dominguez, Ricardo ; Sanchez, Travis ; Strathdee, Steffanie A. ; Smith, Laramie R.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c475t-7511fbb74a7c218359e57ae7cc0d3f6b81869c917ae3b5ac30c48fbdb77d64e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Acquired immune deficiency syndrome</topic><topic>AIDS</topic><topic>Anal intercourse</topic><topic>Baccalaureate degrees</topic><topic>Behavioral Science and Psychology</topic><topic>Dating services</topic><topic>Drug abuse</topic><topic>Drug use</topic><topic>Drugs</topic><topic>Gender</topic><topic>HIV</topic><topic>Human immunodeficiency virus</topic><topic>Latent class analysis</topic><topic>LGBTQ people</topic><topic>Marijuana</topic><topic>Medical diagnosis</topic><topic>Men</topic><topic>Men who have sex with men</topic><topic>Methamphetamine</topic><topic>Multiple drugs</topic><topic>Prevention programs</topic><topic>Psychology</topic><topic>Risk behavior</topic><topic>Sexual Behavior</topic><topic>Sexual intercourse</topic><topic>Sexuality</topic><topic>Sexually transmitted diseases</topic><topic>Social media</topic><topic>Social networks</topic><topic>Social policy</topic><topic>Social Sciences</topic><topic>Sociodemographics</topic><topic>STD</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Algarin, Angel B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lara, Marisol Valenzuela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hernandez-Avila, Mauricio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baruch-Dominguez, Ricardo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sanchez, Travis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Strathdee, Steffanie A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smith, Laramie R.</creatorcontrib><collection>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>PAIS Index</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts (pre-2017)</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>PAIS International</collection><collection>PAIS International (Ovid)</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Sexuality research & social policy</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Algarin, Angel B.</au><au>Lara, Marisol Valenzuela</au><au>Hernandez-Avila, Mauricio</au><au>Baruch-Dominguez, Ricardo</au><au>Sanchez, Travis</au><au>Strathdee, Steffanie A.</au><au>Smith, Laramie R.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Characterizing Drug use Typologies and Their Association with Sexual Risk Behaviors: A Latent Class Analysis Among Men who have Sex with Men in Mexico</atitle><jtitle>Sexuality research & social policy</jtitle><stitle>Sex Res Soc Policy</stitle><addtitle>Sex Res Social Policy</addtitle><date>2024</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>21</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1406</spage><epage>1417</epage><pages>1406-1417</pages><issn>1868-9884</issn><eissn>1553-6610</eissn><abstract>Introduction
Drug use behaviors are closely associated with increased risk for HIV and other STIs among men who have sex with men (MSM) globally. Less is known about the drug use characteristics and their association with HIV/STI risk among MSM in Mexico, who have 13 times higher risk of acquiring HIV than the general population. We characterized distinct classes of drug use behaviors among a nationwide sample of MSM in Mexico and tested their associations with HIV risk behaviors.
Methods
We used latent class analysis (LCA) to analyze injection/non-injection drug use data collected by the online
Encuesta de Sexo Entre Hombres
self-administered survey among 15,875 MSM living in Mexico between May-June 2017. MSM were recruited on general social media sites (e.g. Facebook and Twitter), popular LGBT + focused web pages (e.g. Soy Homosensual and Desastre), and dating apps (e.g. Grindr and Hornet). We used robust Poisson regression to examine associations between drug use classes and recent sexual risk behaviors while adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics.
Results
Most participants were under 30 years of age (65.5%), received a Bachelor’s degree or higher (65.2%), gay-identified (82.5%), HIV negative (58.1%), and lived in the Mexico City/State of Mexico region (34.5%). We identified five distinct drug use classes: Limited Drug Use (75.4%), Marijuana Only (15.1%), Sex Event Popper + Marijuana (4.3%), Club Drug + Marijuana (4.2%), and Elevated Polydrug Use (1.0%). Compared to the Limited Drug Use class, participants in all other drug use classes were significantly more likely to engage in condomless anal intercourse (aPR = 1.14–1.39; p < 0.001), sex exchange (aPR = 1.37–4.99; p < 0.001), anonymous sex (aPR = 1.22–2.01; p < 0.001), group sex (aPR = 1.50–3.28; p < 0.001), and report an STI diagnosis in the past 12 months (aPR = 1.24–2.20; p < 0.002). Estimates were largest among the Elevated Polydrug Use class.
Conclusions
This study is the first to characterize drug use behaviors and HIV/STI risk among a national sample of MSM in Mexico. Understanding how distinct combinations of drug use behaviors impact sexual risk and prevention behaviors among MSM can inform how best to target and tailor future interventions to reduce HIV/STI incidence.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><pmid>39676905</pmid><doi>10.1007/s13178-023-00861-9</doi><tpages>12</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Sexuality research & social policy, 2024, Vol.21 (4), p.1406-1417 |
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| subjects | Acquired immune deficiency syndrome AIDS Anal intercourse Baccalaureate degrees Behavioral Science and Psychology Dating services Drug abuse Drug use Drugs Gender HIV Human immunodeficiency virus Latent class analysis LGBTQ people Marijuana Medical diagnosis Men Men who have sex with men Methamphetamine Multiple drugs Prevention programs Psychology Risk behavior Sexual Behavior Sexual intercourse Sexuality Sexually transmitted diseases Social media Social networks Social policy Social Sciences Sociodemographics STD |
| title | Characterizing Drug use Typologies and Their Association with Sexual Risk Behaviors: A Latent Class Analysis Among Men who have Sex with Men in Mexico |
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