Development and Characterization of 3D-Printed PLA/Exfoliated Graphite Composites for Enhanced Electrochemical Performance in Energy Storage Applications
This research introduces a new way to create a composite material (PLA/EG) for 3D printing. It combines polylactic acid (PLA) with exfoliated graphite (EG) using a physical mixing method, followed by direct mixing in a single-screw extruder. Structural and vibrational analyses using X-ray diffractio...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Polymers 2024-11, Vol.16 (22), p.3131 |
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| creator | Dos Santos, Ananias Lima de Souza, Francisco Cezar Ramos Martins da Costa, João Carlos Gonçalves, Daniel Araújo Passos, Raimundo Ribeiro Pocrifka, Leandro Aparecido |
| description | This research introduces a new way to create a composite material (PLA/EG) for 3D printing. It combines polylactic acid (PLA) with exfoliated graphite (EG) using a physical mixing method, followed by direct mixing in a single-screw extruder. Structural and vibrational analyses using X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the PLA/EG's formation (composite). The analysis also suggests physical adsorption as the primary interaction between the two materials. The exfoliated graphite acts as a barrier (thermal behavior), reducing heat transfer via TG. Electrochemical measurements reveal redox activity (cyclic voltammetry) with a specific capacitance of ~ 6 F g
, low solution resistance, and negligible charge transfer resistance, indicating ion movement through a Warburg diffusion process. Additionally, in terms of complex behavior (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy), the PLA/EG's actual capacitance C'(ω) displayed a value greater than 1000 μF cm
, highlighting the composite's effectiveness in storing charge. These results demonstrate that PLA/EG composites hold significant promise as electrodes in electronic devices. The methodology used in this study not only provides a practical way to create functional composites but also opens doors for new applications in electronics and energy storage. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/polym16223131 |
| format | Article |
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, low solution resistance, and negligible charge transfer resistance, indicating ion movement through a Warburg diffusion process. Additionally, in terms of complex behavior (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy), the PLA/EG's actual capacitance C'(ω) displayed a value greater than 1000 μF cm
, highlighting the composite's effectiveness in storing charge. These results demonstrate that PLA/EG composites hold significant promise as electrodes in electronic devices. The methodology used in this study not only provides a practical way to create functional composites but also opens doors for new applications in electronics and energy storage.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4360</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4360</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/polym16223131</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39599222</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>3-D printers ; 3D printing ; Adsorption ; Biopolymers ; Capacitance ; Carbon black ; Composite materials ; Diffraction ; Diffusion barriers ; Electric properties ; Electrochemical analysis ; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ; Electrochemistry ; Electrodes ; Electrolytes ; Energy management systems ; Energy storage ; Fourier transforms ; Graphite ; Infrared analysis ; Infrared spectroscopy ; Polylactic acid ; Potassium ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Sensors ; Single screw extruders ; Spectroscopic analysis ; Spectrum analysis ; Thermal cycling ; Thermodynamic properties ; Thermogravimetric analysis ; Three dimensional composites ; Three dimensional printing ; Voltammetry ; X-rays</subject><ispartof>Polymers, 2024-11, Vol.16 (22), p.3131</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2024 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2024 by the authors. 2024</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c302t-ff12d48cf94818d215d4392a950b0cf9dd6da3508180e912c26b747ca968ab4c3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-5691-1378 ; 0000-0002-0204-2779 ; 0000-0003-1156-0196</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598161/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598161/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39599222$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Dos Santos, Ananias Lima</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Souza, Francisco Cezar Ramos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martins da Costa, João Carlos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gonçalves, Daniel Araújo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Passos, Raimundo Ribeiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pocrifka, Leandro Aparecido</creatorcontrib><title>Development and Characterization of 3D-Printed PLA/Exfoliated Graphite Composites for Enhanced Electrochemical Performance in Energy Storage Applications</title><title>Polymers</title><addtitle>Polymers (Basel)</addtitle><description>This research introduces a new way to create a composite material (PLA/EG) for 3D printing. It combines polylactic acid (PLA) with exfoliated graphite (EG) using a physical mixing method, followed by direct mixing in a single-screw extruder. Structural and vibrational analyses using X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the PLA/EG's formation (composite). The analysis also suggests physical adsorption as the primary interaction between the two materials. The exfoliated graphite acts as a barrier (thermal behavior), reducing heat transfer via TG. Electrochemical measurements reveal redox activity (cyclic voltammetry) with a specific capacitance of ~ 6 F g
, low solution resistance, and negligible charge transfer resistance, indicating ion movement through a Warburg diffusion process. Additionally, in terms of complex behavior (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy), the PLA/EG's actual capacitance C'(ω) displayed a value greater than 1000 μF cm
, highlighting the composite's effectiveness in storing charge. These results demonstrate that PLA/EG composites hold significant promise as electrodes in electronic devices. The methodology used in this study not only provides a practical way to create functional composites but also opens doors for new applications in electronics and energy storage.</description><subject>3-D printers</subject><subject>3D printing</subject><subject>Adsorption</subject><subject>Biopolymers</subject><subject>Capacitance</subject><subject>Carbon black</subject><subject>Composite materials</subject><subject>Diffraction</subject><subject>Diffusion barriers</subject><subject>Electric properties</subject><subject>Electrochemical analysis</subject><subject>Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy</subject><subject>Electrochemistry</subject><subject>Electrodes</subject><subject>Electrolytes</subject><subject>Energy management systems</subject><subject>Energy storage</subject><subject>Fourier transforms</subject><subject>Graphite</subject><subject>Infrared analysis</subject><subject>Infrared spectroscopy</subject><subject>Polylactic acid</subject><subject>Potassium</subject><subject>Scanning electron microscopy</subject><subject>Sensors</subject><subject>Single screw extruders</subject><subject>Spectroscopic analysis</subject><subject>Spectrum analysis</subject><subject>Thermal cycling</subject><subject>Thermodynamic properties</subject><subject>Thermogravimetric analysis</subject><subject>Three dimensional composites</subject><subject>Three dimensional printing</subject><subject>Voltammetry</subject><subject>X-rays</subject><issn>2073-4360</issn><issn>2073-4360</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkktv1DAQgCMEolXpkSuyxIVLWr_ixCe02m4L0kqsBJwtr-NsXDl2sLNVl3_Cv-2ELVWLffDY883TUxTvCb5gTOLLMfrDQASljDDyqjiluGYlZwK_fiafFOc532JYvBKC1G-LEyYrKSmlp8WfK3tnfRwHGyakQ4uWvU7aTDa533pyMaDYIXZVbpILk23RZr24XN130Ts9X2-SHns3WbSMwxgzSBl1MaFV6HUwAKy8NVOKpreDM9qjjU2gH2YlcgE4m3YH9H2KSe8sWoyjB2yOm98Vbzrtsz1_PM-Kn9erH8sv5frbzdflYl0ahulUdh2hLW9MJ3lDmpaSquVMUi0rvMXw2rai1azCoMRWEmqo2Na8NlqKRm-5YWfF56Pfcb8dbGugEUl7NSY36HRQUTv1UhNcr3bxThFSyYYIAh4-PXpI8dfe5kkNLhvrvQ427rOCz2FcQPsloB__Q2_jPgWo7y8FedY1B-riSO20t8qFLkJgA7uduxiD7Ry8L6AkLhpe1WBQHg1Mijkn2z2lT7CaJ0W9mBTgPzyv-Yn-NxfsAcibvGc</recordid><startdate>20241109</startdate><enddate>20241109</enddate><creator>Dos Santos, Ananias Lima</creator><creator>de Souza, Francisco Cezar Ramos</creator><creator>Martins da Costa, João Carlos</creator><creator>Gonçalves, Daniel Araújo</creator><creator>Passos, Raimundo Ribeiro</creator><creator>Pocrifka, Leandro Aparecido</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5691-1378</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0204-2779</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1156-0196</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20241109</creationdate><title>Development and Characterization of 3D-Printed PLA/Exfoliated Graphite Composites for Enhanced Electrochemical Performance in Energy Storage Applications</title><author>Dos Santos, Ananias Lima ; 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It combines polylactic acid (PLA) with exfoliated graphite (EG) using a physical mixing method, followed by direct mixing in a single-screw extruder. Structural and vibrational analyses using X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the PLA/EG's formation (composite). The analysis also suggests physical adsorption as the primary interaction between the two materials. The exfoliated graphite acts as a barrier (thermal behavior), reducing heat transfer via TG. Electrochemical measurements reveal redox activity (cyclic voltammetry) with a specific capacitance of ~ 6 F g
, low solution resistance, and negligible charge transfer resistance, indicating ion movement through a Warburg diffusion process. Additionally, in terms of complex behavior (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy), the PLA/EG's actual capacitance C'(ω) displayed a value greater than 1000 μF cm
, highlighting the composite's effectiveness in storing charge. These results demonstrate that PLA/EG composites hold significant promise as electrodes in electronic devices. The methodology used in this study not only provides a practical way to create functional composites but also opens doors for new applications in electronics and energy storage.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>39599222</pmid><doi>10.3390/polym16223131</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5691-1378</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0204-2779</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1156-0196</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; PubMed Central Open Access |
| subjects | 3-D printers 3D printing Adsorption Biopolymers Capacitance Carbon black Composite materials Diffraction Diffusion barriers Electric properties Electrochemical analysis Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Electrochemistry Electrodes Electrolytes Energy management systems Energy storage Fourier transforms Graphite Infrared analysis Infrared spectroscopy Polylactic acid Potassium Scanning electron microscopy Sensors Single screw extruders Spectroscopic analysis Spectrum analysis Thermal cycling Thermodynamic properties Thermogravimetric analysis Three dimensional composites Three dimensional printing Voltammetry X-rays |
| title | Development and Characterization of 3D-Printed PLA/Exfoliated Graphite Composites for Enhanced Electrochemical Performance in Energy Storage Applications |
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