Quantitative Assessment of Human Health Risks Associated with Heavy Metal and Bacterial Pollution in Groundwater from Mankweng in Limpopo Province, South Africa
Heavy metal and microbial pollution in groundwater raises health concerns due to its adverse effects. This study aimed to assess the health risks associated with heavy metal and bacterial pollution in groundwater in Mankweng. Heavy metals and were detected using inductively coupled plasma mass spect...
Gespeichert in:
Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of environmental research and public health 2024-11, Vol.21 (11), p.1489 |
---|---|
Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , |
Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
container_end_page | |
---|---|
container_issue | 11 |
container_start_page | 1489 |
container_title | International journal of environmental research and public health |
container_volume | 21 |
creator | Maliehe, Tsolanku Sidney Mavingo, Nelisiwe Selepe, Tlou Nelson Masoko, Peter Mashao, Frederick Mokibelo Nyamutswa, Neville |
description | Heavy metal and microbial pollution in groundwater raises health concerns due to its adverse effects. This study aimed to assess the health risks associated with heavy metal and bacterial pollution in groundwater in Mankweng. Heavy metals and
were detected using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrophotometry and a Colilert system, respectively. The heavy metal pollution index (HPI) and non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were computed. The β-Poisson dose-response model was employed to predict the probability of
infection. The metals' concentrations were all within the permissible limits of the South African National Standard (SANS). However, Pb levels at sites E and G exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline (≤0.01 mg/L). HPI values were all less than 100, indicative of low contamination. The hazard quotient values were all less than 1, except for vanadium. The cumulative cancer risk ranged between 3.06 × 10
and 1.81 × 10
and between 3.55 × 10
and 2.20 × 10
for adults and children, respectively.
was only detected at site L. The annual risk of
infection exceeded the WHO risk limit of 10
. The results underscore the need for the regular monitoring of groundwater. |
doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijerph21111489 |
format | Article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_11594182</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>3133044490</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c1792-4fee3a089008430493352d571bc26cda13cc2cae113f23a28d351ea2317230533</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpdkUtv1DAUhSMEoqWwZYkssWHBFNvXycQrNFTQQZqK8lpHt85Nx9PEDrYzo_4bfioeWqoWb_w43z329SmKl4IfA2j-zm4ojGsp8lC1flQciqriM1Vx8fje-qB4FuOGc6hVpZ8WB6BLXc7L6rD4_XVCl2zCZLfEFjFSjAO5xHzHltOAji0J-7Rm32y8invAG4uJWraz-TSL22t2Rgl7hq5lH9AkCjbvzn3fT8l6x6xjp8FPrt3lusC64Ad2hu5qR-5yL67sMPrRs_Pgt9YZesu--yl7L7pgDT4vnnTYR3pxOx8VPz99_HGynK2-nH4-WaxmRsy1nKmOCJDXmvNaAVcaoJRtORcXRlamRQHGSIMkBHQSUNYtlIJQgphL4CXAUfH-xnecLgZqTf6DgH0zBjtguG482uah4uy6ufTbRohSK1HL7PDm1iH4XxPF1Aw2Gup7dOSn2IAAUGUFan_Z6__QjZ-Cy_39pbhSSvNMHd9QJvgYA3V3rxG82affPEw_F7y638Md_i9u-ANQuK4N</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>3133044490</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Quantitative Assessment of Human Health Risks Associated with Heavy Metal and Bacterial Pollution in Groundwater from Mankweng in Limpopo Province, South Africa</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><source>MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><creator>Maliehe, Tsolanku Sidney ; Mavingo, Nelisiwe ; Selepe, Tlou Nelson ; Masoko, Peter ; Mashao, Frederick Mokibelo ; Nyamutswa, Neville</creator><creatorcontrib>Maliehe, Tsolanku Sidney ; Mavingo, Nelisiwe ; Selepe, Tlou Nelson ; Masoko, Peter ; Mashao, Frederick Mokibelo ; Nyamutswa, Neville</creatorcontrib><description>Heavy metal and microbial pollution in groundwater raises health concerns due to its adverse effects. This study aimed to assess the health risks associated with heavy metal and bacterial pollution in groundwater in Mankweng. Heavy metals and
were detected using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrophotometry and a Colilert system, respectively. The heavy metal pollution index (HPI) and non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were computed. The β-Poisson dose-response model was employed to predict the probability of
infection. The metals' concentrations were all within the permissible limits of the South African National Standard (SANS). However, Pb levels at sites E and G exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline (≤0.01 mg/L). HPI values were all less than 100, indicative of low contamination. The hazard quotient values were all less than 1, except for vanadium. The cumulative cancer risk ranged between 3.06 × 10
and 1.81 × 10
and between 3.55 × 10
and 2.20 × 10
for adults and children, respectively.
was only detected at site L. The annual risk of
infection exceeded the WHO risk limit of 10
. The results underscore the need for the regular monitoring of groundwater.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-7827</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21111489</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39595756</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Adult ; Antimicrobial agents ; Cadmium ; Carcinogens ; Child ; Contamination ; Developing countries ; Drinking water ; Drug resistance ; E coli ; Environmental Monitoring ; Escherichia coli - drug effects ; Escherichia coli - isolation & purification ; Escherichia coli Infections - epidemiology ; Groundwater ; Groundwater - chemistry ; Groundwater - microbiology ; Health risk assessment ; Health risks ; Heavy metals ; Households ; Humans ; LDCs ; Metals, Heavy - analysis ; Metals, Heavy - toxicity ; Microorganisms ; Pathogens ; Pollutants ; Pollution ; Precipitation ; Risk Assessment ; Sanitation ; South Africa ; Water Microbiology ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity ; Water quality</subject><ispartof>International journal of environmental research and public health, 2024-11, Vol.21 (11), p.1489</ispartof><rights>2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2024 by the authors. 2024</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c1792-4fee3a089008430493352d571bc26cda13cc2cae113f23a28d351ea2317230533</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-8076-083X ; 0000-0003-4621-8702 ; 0000-0001-8593-8986</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11594182/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11594182/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27923,27924,53790,53792</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39595756$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Maliehe, Tsolanku Sidney</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mavingo, Nelisiwe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Selepe, Tlou Nelson</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Masoko, Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mashao, Frederick Mokibelo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nyamutswa, Neville</creatorcontrib><title>Quantitative Assessment of Human Health Risks Associated with Heavy Metal and Bacterial Pollution in Groundwater from Mankweng in Limpopo Province, South Africa</title><title>International journal of environmental research and public health</title><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><description>Heavy metal and microbial pollution in groundwater raises health concerns due to its adverse effects. This study aimed to assess the health risks associated with heavy metal and bacterial pollution in groundwater in Mankweng. Heavy metals and
were detected using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrophotometry and a Colilert system, respectively. The heavy metal pollution index (HPI) and non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were computed. The β-Poisson dose-response model was employed to predict the probability of
infection. The metals' concentrations were all within the permissible limits of the South African National Standard (SANS). However, Pb levels at sites E and G exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline (≤0.01 mg/L). HPI values were all less than 100, indicative of low contamination. The hazard quotient values were all less than 1, except for vanadium. The cumulative cancer risk ranged between 3.06 × 10
and 1.81 × 10
and between 3.55 × 10
and 2.20 × 10
for adults and children, respectively.
was only detected at site L. The annual risk of
infection exceeded the WHO risk limit of 10
. The results underscore the need for the regular monitoring of groundwater.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Antimicrobial agents</subject><subject>Cadmium</subject><subject>Carcinogens</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Contamination</subject><subject>Developing countries</subject><subject>Drinking water</subject><subject>Drug resistance</subject><subject>E coli</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring</subject><subject>Escherichia coli - drug effects</subject><subject>Escherichia coli - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Escherichia coli Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>Groundwater</subject><subject>Groundwater - chemistry</subject><subject>Groundwater - microbiology</subject><subject>Health risk assessment</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Heavy metals</subject><subject>Households</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>LDCs</subject><subject>Metals, Heavy - analysis</subject><subject>Metals, Heavy - toxicity</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Pollutants</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Precipitation</subject><subject>Risk Assessment</subject><subject>Sanitation</subject><subject>South Africa</subject><subject>Water Microbiology</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity</subject><subject>Water quality</subject><issn>1660-4601</issn><issn>1661-7827</issn><issn>1660-4601</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkUtv1DAUhSMEoqWwZYkssWHBFNvXycQrNFTQQZqK8lpHt85Nx9PEDrYzo_4bfioeWqoWb_w43z329SmKl4IfA2j-zm4ojGsp8lC1flQciqriM1Vx8fje-qB4FuOGc6hVpZ8WB6BLXc7L6rD4_XVCl2zCZLfEFjFSjAO5xHzHltOAji0J-7Rm32y8invAG4uJWraz-TSL22t2Rgl7hq5lH9AkCjbvzn3fT8l6x6xjp8FPrt3lusC64Ad2hu5qR-5yL67sMPrRs_Pgt9YZesu--yl7L7pgDT4vnnTYR3pxOx8VPz99_HGynK2-nH4-WaxmRsy1nKmOCJDXmvNaAVcaoJRtORcXRlamRQHGSIMkBHQSUNYtlIJQgphL4CXAUfH-xnecLgZqTf6DgH0zBjtguG482uah4uy6ufTbRohSK1HL7PDm1iH4XxPF1Aw2Gup7dOSn2IAAUGUFan_Z6__QjZ-Cy_39pbhSSvNMHd9QJvgYA3V3rxG82affPEw_F7y638Md_i9u-ANQuK4N</recordid><startdate>20241109</startdate><enddate>20241109</enddate><creator>Maliehe, Tsolanku Sidney</creator><creator>Mavingo, Nelisiwe</creator><creator>Selepe, Tlou Nelson</creator><creator>Masoko, Peter</creator><creator>Mashao, Frederick Mokibelo</creator><creator>Nyamutswa, Neville</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>COVID</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8076-083X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4621-8702</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8593-8986</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20241109</creationdate><title>Quantitative Assessment of Human Health Risks Associated with Heavy Metal and Bacterial Pollution in Groundwater from Mankweng in Limpopo Province, South Africa</title><author>Maliehe, Tsolanku Sidney ; Mavingo, Nelisiwe ; Selepe, Tlou Nelson ; Masoko, Peter ; Mashao, Frederick Mokibelo ; Nyamutswa, Neville</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c1792-4fee3a089008430493352d571bc26cda13cc2cae113f23a28d351ea2317230533</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Antimicrobial agents</topic><topic>Cadmium</topic><topic>Carcinogens</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Contamination</topic><topic>Developing countries</topic><topic>Drinking water</topic><topic>Drug resistance</topic><topic>E coli</topic><topic>Environmental Monitoring</topic><topic>Escherichia coli - drug effects</topic><topic>Escherichia coli - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Escherichia coli Infections - epidemiology</topic><topic>Groundwater</topic><topic>Groundwater - chemistry</topic><topic>Groundwater - microbiology</topic><topic>Health risk assessment</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>Heavy metals</topic><topic>Households</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>LDCs</topic><topic>Metals, Heavy - analysis</topic><topic>Metals, Heavy - toxicity</topic><topic>Microorganisms</topic><topic>Pathogens</topic><topic>Pollutants</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>Precipitation</topic><topic>Risk Assessment</topic><topic>Sanitation</topic><topic>South Africa</topic><topic>Water Microbiology</topic><topic>Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</topic><topic>Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity</topic><topic>Water quality</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Maliehe, Tsolanku Sidney</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mavingo, Nelisiwe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Selepe, Tlou Nelson</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Masoko, Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mashao, Frederick Mokibelo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nyamutswa, Neville</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Coronavirus Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>International journal of environmental research and public health</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Maliehe, Tsolanku Sidney</au><au>Mavingo, Nelisiwe</au><au>Selepe, Tlou Nelson</au><au>Masoko, Peter</au><au>Mashao, Frederick Mokibelo</au><au>Nyamutswa, Neville</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Quantitative Assessment of Human Health Risks Associated with Heavy Metal and Bacterial Pollution in Groundwater from Mankweng in Limpopo Province, South Africa</atitle><jtitle>International journal of environmental research and public health</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><date>2024-11-09</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>21</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>1489</spage><pages>1489-</pages><issn>1660-4601</issn><issn>1661-7827</issn><eissn>1660-4601</eissn><abstract>Heavy metal and microbial pollution in groundwater raises health concerns due to its adverse effects. This study aimed to assess the health risks associated with heavy metal and bacterial pollution in groundwater in Mankweng. Heavy metals and
were detected using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrophotometry and a Colilert system, respectively. The heavy metal pollution index (HPI) and non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were computed. The β-Poisson dose-response model was employed to predict the probability of
infection. The metals' concentrations were all within the permissible limits of the South African National Standard (SANS). However, Pb levels at sites E and G exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline (≤0.01 mg/L). HPI values were all less than 100, indicative of low contamination. The hazard quotient values were all less than 1, except for vanadium. The cumulative cancer risk ranged between 3.06 × 10
and 1.81 × 10
and between 3.55 × 10
and 2.20 × 10
for adults and children, respectively.
was only detected at site L. The annual risk of
infection exceeded the WHO risk limit of 10
. The results underscore the need for the regular monitoring of groundwater.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>39595756</pmid><doi>10.3390/ijerph21111489</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8076-083X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4621-8702</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8593-8986</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
fulltext | fulltext |
identifier | ISSN: 1660-4601 |
ispartof | International journal of environmental research and public health, 2024-11, Vol.21 (11), p.1489 |
issn | 1660-4601 1661-7827 1660-4601 |
language | eng |
recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_11594182 |
source | MEDLINE; PubMed Central Open Access; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
subjects | Adult Antimicrobial agents Cadmium Carcinogens Child Contamination Developing countries Drinking water Drug resistance E coli Environmental Monitoring Escherichia coli - drug effects Escherichia coli - isolation & purification Escherichia coli Infections - epidemiology Groundwater Groundwater - chemistry Groundwater - microbiology Health risk assessment Health risks Heavy metals Households Humans LDCs Metals, Heavy - analysis Metals, Heavy - toxicity Microorganisms Pathogens Pollutants Pollution Precipitation Risk Assessment Sanitation South Africa Water Microbiology Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity Water quality |
title | Quantitative Assessment of Human Health Risks Associated with Heavy Metal and Bacterial Pollution in Groundwater from Mankweng in Limpopo Province, South Africa |
url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-11T01%3A16%3A14IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Quantitative%20Assessment%20of%20Human%20Health%20Risks%20Associated%20with%20Heavy%20Metal%20and%20Bacterial%20Pollution%20in%20Groundwater%20from%20Mankweng%20in%20Limpopo%20Province,%20South%20Africa&rft.jtitle=International%20journal%20of%20environmental%20research%20and%20public%20health&rft.au=Maliehe,%20Tsolanku%20Sidney&rft.date=2024-11-09&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1489&rft.pages=1489-&rft.issn=1660-4601&rft.eissn=1660-4601&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390/ijerph21111489&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E3133044490%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=3133044490&rft_id=info:pmid/39595756&rfr_iscdi=true |