The Impact of Chlorinated Water and Sun Exposure on the Durability and Performance of Swimwear Materials
Understanding the factors that affect how materials age is essential for creating a durable product with long-lasting properties. It is also important to prioritize defining aging parameters that reflect the real-world conditions the materials will encounter. For this study, a range of swimwear mate...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Polymers 2024-10, Vol.16 (21), p.3050 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 21 |
| container_start_page | 3050 |
| container_title | Polymers |
| container_volume | 16 |
| creator | Potočić Matković, Vesna Marija Salopek Čubrić, Ivana Krstović, Katarina |
| description | Understanding the factors that affect how materials age is essential for creating a durable product with long-lasting properties. It is also important to prioritize defining aging parameters that reflect the real-world conditions the materials will encounter. For this study, a range of swimwear materials were selected consisting of a blend of polymer (polyamide/polyester) and elastane in varying ratios. In order to simulate aging conditions, materials were immersed in chlorinated outdoor pool water during the summer season, either in shade or the sun, for 200 and 300 h. The materials were tested for mass per unit area, thickness, tensile properties, and moisture management. A slight mass per unit area increase was observed, rising from 1.0% after 200 h of chlorine and sunlight exposure to 3.7% after 300 h. Thickness increased by 1.7% after 200 h and 3.2% after 300 h of chlorine exposure, with no significant effect of sunlight. Breaking force dropped by 12.4% after 200 h in chlorine and 8.2% in chlorine and sunlight, becoming more pronounced after 300 h (65.7% in chlorine and 65.1% in chlorine and sunlight). The overall moisture management capability declined from 0.4888 to 0.3457 after 200 h in chlorine and 0.3393 with sunlight, dropping further after 300 h to 0.3838 and 0.3253, respectively. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/polym16213050 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_11548456</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A815421220</galeid><sourcerecordid>A815421220</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c341t-ef5705ab681764aabac9707d5a0788c52ac5dc01cbe4718bbfe701a0f9d1bc0f3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpdkcFvFSEQxonR2Kb26NWQePGyFZZl4Z1M81q1SY0mrfFIZtmhj2YXVti1vv9enq82rZAwBH7fxwxDyGvOToRYsfdTHLYjb2sumGTPyGHNlKga0bLnj_YH5DjnW1ZGI9uWq5fkQKwk17XUh2RzvUF6MU5gZxodXW-GmHyAGXv6o6yJQujp1RLo-e8p5iUhjYHORXO2JOj84OftX-QbJhfTCMHizufqzo93CIl-2Zl4GPIr8sKVgMf38Yh8_3h-vf5cXX79dLE-vaysaPhcoZOKSehazVXbAHRgV4qpXgJTWltZg5W9Zdx22Ciuu86hYhyYW_W8s8yJI_Jh7zst3Yi9xTAnGMyU_AhpayJ48_Qm-I25ib8M57LR5YeKw7t7hxR_LphnM_pscRggYFyyEbzWqmkkFwV9-x96G5cUSn07qmVMa80LdbKnbmBA44OL5WFbZo-jtzGg8-X8VJcEal7XrAiqvcCmmHNC95A-Z2bXePOk8YV_87jmB_pfm8UfzfCqhw</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>3126008881</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>The Impact of Chlorinated Water and Sun Exposure on the Durability and Performance of Swimwear Materials</title><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><source>MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Potočić Matković, Vesna Marija ; Salopek Čubrić, Ivana ; Krstović, Katarina</creator><creatorcontrib>Potočić Matković, Vesna Marija ; Salopek Čubrić, Ivana ; Krstović, Katarina</creatorcontrib><description>Understanding the factors that affect how materials age is essential for creating a durable product with long-lasting properties. It is also important to prioritize defining aging parameters that reflect the real-world conditions the materials will encounter. For this study, a range of swimwear materials were selected consisting of a blend of polymer (polyamide/polyester) and elastane in varying ratios. In order to simulate aging conditions, materials were immersed in chlorinated outdoor pool water during the summer season, either in shade or the sun, for 200 and 300 h. The materials were tested for mass per unit area, thickness, tensile properties, and moisture management. A slight mass per unit area increase was observed, rising from 1.0% after 200 h of chlorine and sunlight exposure to 3.7% after 300 h. Thickness increased by 1.7% after 200 h and 3.2% after 300 h of chlorine exposure, with no significant effect of sunlight. Breaking force dropped by 12.4% after 200 h in chlorine and 8.2% in chlorine and sunlight, becoming more pronounced after 300 h (65.7% in chlorine and 65.1% in chlorine and sunlight). The overall moisture management capability declined from 0.4888 to 0.3457 after 200 h in chlorine and 0.3393 with sunlight, dropping further after 300 h to 0.3838 and 0.3253, respectively.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4360</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4360</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/polym16213050</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39518258</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Aging ; Aging (materials) ; Chlorine ; Durability ; Exposure ; Heat resistance ; Humidity ; Investigations ; Moisture ; Plastic pollution ; Polyamide resins ; Polyesters ; Polyethylene terephthalate ; Polymers ; Radiation ; Sport clothes ; Sulfuric acid ; Sunlight ; Swimming ; Swimming pools ; Swimwear ; Tensile properties ; Thickness ; Water</subject><ispartof>Polymers, 2024-10, Vol.16 (21), p.3050</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2024 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2024 by the authors. 2024</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c341t-ef5705ab681764aabac9707d5a0788c52ac5dc01cbe4718bbfe701a0f9d1bc0f3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-4295-5190 ; 0000-0002-2907-7306</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11548456/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11548456/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39518258$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Potočić Matković, Vesna Marija</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salopek Čubrić, Ivana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krstović, Katarina</creatorcontrib><title>The Impact of Chlorinated Water and Sun Exposure on the Durability and Performance of Swimwear Materials</title><title>Polymers</title><addtitle>Polymers (Basel)</addtitle><description>Understanding the factors that affect how materials age is essential for creating a durable product with long-lasting properties. It is also important to prioritize defining aging parameters that reflect the real-world conditions the materials will encounter. For this study, a range of swimwear materials were selected consisting of a blend of polymer (polyamide/polyester) and elastane in varying ratios. In order to simulate aging conditions, materials were immersed in chlorinated outdoor pool water during the summer season, either in shade or the sun, for 200 and 300 h. The materials were tested for mass per unit area, thickness, tensile properties, and moisture management. A slight mass per unit area increase was observed, rising from 1.0% after 200 h of chlorine and sunlight exposure to 3.7% after 300 h. Thickness increased by 1.7% after 200 h and 3.2% after 300 h of chlorine exposure, with no significant effect of sunlight. Breaking force dropped by 12.4% after 200 h in chlorine and 8.2% in chlorine and sunlight, becoming more pronounced after 300 h (65.7% in chlorine and 65.1% in chlorine and sunlight). The overall moisture management capability declined from 0.4888 to 0.3457 after 200 h in chlorine and 0.3393 with sunlight, dropping further after 300 h to 0.3838 and 0.3253, respectively.</description><subject>Aging</subject><subject>Aging (materials)</subject><subject>Chlorine</subject><subject>Durability</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Heat resistance</subject><subject>Humidity</subject><subject>Investigations</subject><subject>Moisture</subject><subject>Plastic pollution</subject><subject>Polyamide resins</subject><subject>Polyesters</subject><subject>Polyethylene terephthalate</subject><subject>Polymers</subject><subject>Radiation</subject><subject>Sport clothes</subject><subject>Sulfuric acid</subject><subject>Sunlight</subject><subject>Swimming</subject><subject>Swimming pools</subject><subject>Swimwear</subject><subject>Tensile properties</subject><subject>Thickness</subject><subject>Water</subject><issn>2073-4360</issn><issn>2073-4360</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkcFvFSEQxonR2Kb26NWQePGyFZZl4Z1M81q1SY0mrfFIZtmhj2YXVti1vv9enq82rZAwBH7fxwxDyGvOToRYsfdTHLYjb2sumGTPyGHNlKga0bLnj_YH5DjnW1ZGI9uWq5fkQKwk17XUh2RzvUF6MU5gZxodXW-GmHyAGXv6o6yJQujp1RLo-e8p5iUhjYHORXO2JOj84OftX-QbJhfTCMHizufqzo93CIl-2Zl4GPIr8sKVgMf38Yh8_3h-vf5cXX79dLE-vaysaPhcoZOKSehazVXbAHRgV4qpXgJTWltZg5W9Zdx22Ciuu86hYhyYW_W8s8yJI_Jh7zst3Yi9xTAnGMyU_AhpayJ48_Qm-I25ib8M57LR5YeKw7t7hxR_LphnM_pscRggYFyyEbzWqmkkFwV9-x96G5cUSn07qmVMa80LdbKnbmBA44OL5WFbZo-jtzGg8-X8VJcEal7XrAiqvcCmmHNC95A-Z2bXePOk8YV_87jmB_pfm8UfzfCqhw</recordid><startdate>20241030</startdate><enddate>20241030</enddate><creator>Potočić Matković, Vesna Marija</creator><creator>Salopek Čubrić, Ivana</creator><creator>Krstović, Katarina</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4295-5190</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2907-7306</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20241030</creationdate><title>The Impact of Chlorinated Water and Sun Exposure on the Durability and Performance of Swimwear Materials</title><author>Potočić Matković, Vesna Marija ; Salopek Čubrić, Ivana ; Krstović, Katarina</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c341t-ef5705ab681764aabac9707d5a0788c52ac5dc01cbe4718bbfe701a0f9d1bc0f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Aging</topic><topic>Aging (materials)</topic><topic>Chlorine</topic><topic>Durability</topic><topic>Exposure</topic><topic>Heat resistance</topic><topic>Humidity</topic><topic>Investigations</topic><topic>Moisture</topic><topic>Plastic pollution</topic><topic>Polyamide resins</topic><topic>Polyesters</topic><topic>Polyethylene terephthalate</topic><topic>Polymers</topic><topic>Radiation</topic><topic>Sport clothes</topic><topic>Sulfuric acid</topic><topic>Sunlight</topic><topic>Swimming</topic><topic>Swimming pools</topic><topic>Swimwear</topic><topic>Tensile properties</topic><topic>Thickness</topic><topic>Water</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Potočić Matković, Vesna Marija</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salopek Čubrić, Ivana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krstović, Katarina</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Polymers</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Potočić Matković, Vesna Marija</au><au>Salopek Čubrić, Ivana</au><au>Krstović, Katarina</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Impact of Chlorinated Water and Sun Exposure on the Durability and Performance of Swimwear Materials</atitle><jtitle>Polymers</jtitle><addtitle>Polymers (Basel)</addtitle><date>2024-10-30</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>21</issue><spage>3050</spage><pages>3050-</pages><issn>2073-4360</issn><eissn>2073-4360</eissn><abstract>Understanding the factors that affect how materials age is essential for creating a durable product with long-lasting properties. It is also important to prioritize defining aging parameters that reflect the real-world conditions the materials will encounter. For this study, a range of swimwear materials were selected consisting of a blend of polymer (polyamide/polyester) and elastane in varying ratios. In order to simulate aging conditions, materials were immersed in chlorinated outdoor pool water during the summer season, either in shade or the sun, for 200 and 300 h. The materials were tested for mass per unit area, thickness, tensile properties, and moisture management. A slight mass per unit area increase was observed, rising from 1.0% after 200 h of chlorine and sunlight exposure to 3.7% after 300 h. Thickness increased by 1.7% after 200 h and 3.2% after 300 h of chlorine exposure, with no significant effect of sunlight. Breaking force dropped by 12.4% after 200 h in chlorine and 8.2% in chlorine and sunlight, becoming more pronounced after 300 h (65.7% in chlorine and 65.1% in chlorine and sunlight). The overall moisture management capability declined from 0.4888 to 0.3457 after 200 h in chlorine and 0.3393 with sunlight, dropping further after 300 h to 0.3838 and 0.3253, respectively.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>39518258</pmid><doi>10.3390/polym16213050</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4295-5190</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2907-7306</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 2073-4360 |
| ispartof | Polymers, 2024-10, Vol.16 (21), p.3050 |
| issn | 2073-4360 2073-4360 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_11548456 |
| source | PubMed Central Open Access; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Aging Aging (materials) Chlorine Durability Exposure Heat resistance Humidity Investigations Moisture Plastic pollution Polyamide resins Polyesters Polyethylene terephthalate Polymers Radiation Sport clothes Sulfuric acid Sunlight Swimming Swimming pools Swimwear Tensile properties Thickness Water |
| title | The Impact of Chlorinated Water and Sun Exposure on the Durability and Performance of Swimwear Materials |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-27T18%3A24%3A57IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The%20Impact%20of%20Chlorinated%20Water%20and%20Sun%20Exposure%20on%20the%20Durability%20and%20Performance%20of%20Swimwear%20Materials&rft.jtitle=Polymers&rft.au=Poto%C4%8Di%C4%87%20Matkovi%C4%87,%20Vesna%20Marija&rft.date=2024-10-30&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=3050&rft.pages=3050-&rft.issn=2073-4360&rft.eissn=2073-4360&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390/polym16213050&rft_dat=%3Cgale_pubme%3EA815421220%3C/gale_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=3126008881&rft_id=info:pmid/39518258&rft_galeid=A815421220&rfr_iscdi=true |