Polypropylene Crystallinity Reduction through the Synergistic Effects of Cellulose and Silica Formed via Sol-Gel Synthesis
This study focuses on the development of environmentally sustainable polypropylene (PP)-based composites with the potential for biodegradability by incorporating cellulose and the oligomeric siloxane ES-40. Targeting industrial applications such as fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing, ES-40...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Polymers 2024-10, Vol.16 (20), p.2855 |
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| creator | Shambilova, Gulbarshin K Iskakov, Rinat M Bukanova, Aigul S Kairliyeva, Fazilat B Kalauova, Altynay S Kuzin, Mikhail S Novikov, Egor M Gerasimenko, Pavel S Makarov, Igor S Skvortsov, Ivan Yu |
| description | This study focuses on the development of environmentally sustainable polypropylene (PP)-based composites with the potential for biodegradability by incorporating cellulose and the oligomeric siloxane ES-40. Targeting industrial applications such as fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing, ES-40 was employed as a precursor for the in situ formation of silica particles via hydrolytic polycondensation (HPC). Two HPC approaches were investigated: a preliminary reaction in a mixture of cellulose, ethanol, and water, and a direct reaction within the molten PP matrix. The composites were thoroughly characterized using rotational rheometry, optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analysis. Both methods resulted in composites with markedly reduced crystallinity and shrinkage compared to neat PP, with the lowest shrinkage observed in blends prepared directly in the extruder. The inclusion of cellulose not only enhances the environmental profile of these composites but also paves the way for the development of PP materials with improved biodegradability, highlighting the potential of this technique for fabricating more amorphous composites from crystalline or semi-crystalline polymers for enhancing the quality and dimensional stability of FDM-printed materials. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/polym16202855 |
| format | Article |
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Targeting industrial applications such as fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing, ES-40 was employed as a precursor for the in situ formation of silica particles via hydrolytic polycondensation (HPC). Two HPC approaches were investigated: a preliminary reaction in a mixture of cellulose, ethanol, and water, and a direct reaction within the molten PP matrix. The composites were thoroughly characterized using rotational rheometry, optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analysis. Both methods resulted in composites with markedly reduced crystallinity and shrinkage compared to neat PP, with the lowest shrinkage observed in blends prepared directly in the extruder. The inclusion of cellulose not only enhances the environmental profile of these composites but also paves the way for the development of PP materials with improved biodegradability, highlighting the potential of this technique for fabricating more amorphous composites from crystalline or semi-crystalline polymers for enhancing the quality and dimensional stability of FDM-printed materials.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4360</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4360</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/polym16202855</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39458683</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>3-D printers ; Amorphous materials ; Cellulose ; Cellulose fibers ; Composite materials ; Cooling ; Crystallinity ; Dimensional stability ; Dynamic mechanical analysis ; Ethanol ; Fused deposition modeling ; Industrial applications ; Nanoparticles ; Optical microscopy ; Polymer blends ; Polymers ; Polypropylene ; Rheology ; Silica gel ; Silicon compounds ; Silicon dioxide ; Siloxanes ; Sol-gel processes ; Synergistic effect ; Three dimensional composites ; Three dimensional printing ; Viscoelasticity ; Viscosity</subject><ispartof>Polymers, 2024-10, Vol.16 (20), p.2855</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2024 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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Targeting industrial applications such as fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing, ES-40 was employed as a precursor for the in situ formation of silica particles via hydrolytic polycondensation (HPC). Two HPC approaches were investigated: a preliminary reaction in a mixture of cellulose, ethanol, and water, and a direct reaction within the molten PP matrix. The composites were thoroughly characterized using rotational rheometry, optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analysis. Both methods resulted in composites with markedly reduced crystallinity and shrinkage compared to neat PP, with the lowest shrinkage observed in blends prepared directly in the extruder. The inclusion of cellulose not only enhances the environmental profile of these composites but also paves the way for the development of PP materials with improved biodegradability, highlighting the potential of this technique for fabricating more amorphous composites from crystalline or semi-crystalline polymers for enhancing the quality and dimensional stability of FDM-printed materials.</description><subject>3-D printers</subject><subject>Amorphous materials</subject><subject>Cellulose</subject><subject>Cellulose fibers</subject><subject>Composite materials</subject><subject>Cooling</subject><subject>Crystallinity</subject><subject>Dimensional stability</subject><subject>Dynamic mechanical analysis</subject><subject>Ethanol</subject><subject>Fused deposition modeling</subject><subject>Industrial applications</subject><subject>Nanoparticles</subject><subject>Optical microscopy</subject><subject>Polymer blends</subject><subject>Polymers</subject><subject>Polypropylene</subject><subject>Rheology</subject><subject>Silica gel</subject><subject>Silicon compounds</subject><subject>Silicon dioxide</subject><subject>Siloxanes</subject><subject>Sol-gel processes</subject><subject>Synergistic effect</subject><subject>Three dimensional composites</subject><subject>Three dimensional printing</subject><subject>Viscoelasticity</subject><subject>Viscosity</subject><issn>2073-4360</issn><issn>2073-4360</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdUk1rHSEUldLShDTLbovQTTeTev2Yj1UJj3wUAi156Vocn75ncHSqM4Hpr68vLw1JdXFFzzn3HLwIfQRyxlhHvo7RLwPUlNBWiDfomJKGVZzV5O2L8xE6zfmelMVFXUPzHh2xjou2btkx-vOzSIwpjos3weBVWvKkvHfBTQu-NZtZTy4GPO1SnLe7Ug1eL8GkrcuT0_jCWqOnjKPFK-P97GM2WIUNXjvvtMKXMQ1mgx-cwuvoqyvj9_Sikl3-gN5Z5bM5faon6Nflxd3qurr5cfV9dX5TacZhqiwpbvuG2JpYS4DbGnrVMs56oQE01Bwa2naM6IYIZQmnoqG97VknqOqoYCfo20F3nPtiRpswJeXlmNyg0iKjcvL1S3A7uY0PEkAA6QQvCl-eFFL8PZs8ycFlXfKqYOKcJQMKpKb8sdnn_6D3cU6h5NujSNMAbduCOjugtsob6YKNpbEue2MGp2Mw1pX78xY4Jy2IPaE6EHSKOSdjn-0DkftRkK9GoeA_vcz8jP738ewv5c6weQ</recordid><startdate>20241010</startdate><enddate>20241010</enddate><creator>Shambilova, Gulbarshin K</creator><creator>Iskakov, Rinat M</creator><creator>Bukanova, Aigul S</creator><creator>Kairliyeva, Fazilat B</creator><creator>Kalauova, Altynay S</creator><creator>Kuzin, Mikhail S</creator><creator>Novikov, Egor M</creator><creator>Gerasimenko, Pavel S</creator><creator>Makarov, Igor S</creator><creator>Skvortsov, Ivan Yu</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8183-4215</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5323-0916</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3055-3881</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0222-8266</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5898-1831</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8795-9622</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0936-4508</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20241010</creationdate><title>Polypropylene Crystallinity Reduction through the Synergistic Effects of Cellulose and Silica Formed via Sol-Gel Synthesis</title><author>Shambilova, Gulbarshin K ; 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Targeting industrial applications such as fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing, ES-40 was employed as a precursor for the in situ formation of silica particles via hydrolytic polycondensation (HPC). Two HPC approaches were investigated: a preliminary reaction in a mixture of cellulose, ethanol, and water, and a direct reaction within the molten PP matrix. The composites were thoroughly characterized using rotational rheometry, optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analysis. Both methods resulted in composites with markedly reduced crystallinity and shrinkage compared to neat PP, with the lowest shrinkage observed in blends prepared directly in the extruder. 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| subjects | 3-D printers Amorphous materials Cellulose Cellulose fibers Composite materials Cooling Crystallinity Dimensional stability Dynamic mechanical analysis Ethanol Fused deposition modeling Industrial applications Nanoparticles Optical microscopy Polymer blends Polymers Polypropylene Rheology Silica gel Silicon compounds Silicon dioxide Siloxanes Sol-gel processes Synergistic effect Three dimensional composites Three dimensional printing Viscoelasticity Viscosity |
| title | Polypropylene Crystallinity Reduction through the Synergistic Effects of Cellulose and Silica Formed via Sol-Gel Synthesis |
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