Myeloid Sarcoma: Novel Advances Regarding Molecular Pathogenesis, Presentation and Therapeutic Options
Myeloid sarcoma (MS), an extramedullary form of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a rare tumor mass of myeloid blasts. It can disseminate to any one or multiple anatomical sites, with (synchronous MS) or without (isolated MS) bone marrow (BM) involvement. The aim of this review is to describe the most...
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| description | Myeloid sarcoma (MS), an extramedullary form of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a rare tumor mass of myeloid blasts. It can disseminate to any one or multiple anatomical sites, with (synchronous MS) or without (isolated MS) bone marrow (BM) involvement. The aim of this review is to describe the most recent advances in MS regarding diagnosis, molecular background, various clinical manifestations from several organs, and treatment approaches. Due to the lack of prospective, randomized clinical trials, therapeutic decisions are a challenge for the clinician. In the era of novel targeted AML treatments, a critical analysis of how to decide the best option for individual patients, also covering the possible central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis is provided. For the majority of the patients, AML induction chemotherapy, followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is generally recommended. This paper discusses the role of radiotherapy, the treatment of refractory and relapsed disease, along with the therapeutic approach of difficult-to-treat patients, due to specific problems related to different anatomical sites of MS. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/jcm13206154 |
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It can disseminate to any one or multiple anatomical sites, with (synchronous MS) or without (isolated MS) bone marrow (BM) involvement. The aim of this review is to describe the most recent advances in MS regarding diagnosis, molecular background, various clinical manifestations from several organs, and treatment approaches. Due to the lack of prospective, randomized clinical trials, therapeutic decisions are a challenge for the clinician. In the era of novel targeted AML treatments, a critical analysis of how to decide the best option for individual patients, also covering the possible central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis is provided. For the majority of the patients, AML induction chemotherapy, followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is generally recommended. This paper discusses the role of radiotherapy, the treatment of refractory and relapsed disease, along with the therapeutic approach of difficult-to-treat patients, due to specific problems related to different anatomical sites of MS.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2077-0383</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2077-0383</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/jcm13206154</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39458104</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Antigens ; Biopsy ; Blood vessels ; Cancer ; Care and treatment ; Cells ; Connective tissue ; Diagnosis ; Disease ; Health aspects ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Medical prognosis ; Nervous system ; Pathogenesis ; Patients ; Physiological aspects ; Review ; Sarcoma ; Stem cells ; Tomography ; Tumors</subject><ispartof>Journal of clinical medicine, 2024-10, Vol.13 (20), p.6154</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2024 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2024 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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It can disseminate to any one or multiple anatomical sites, with (synchronous MS) or without (isolated MS) bone marrow (BM) involvement. The aim of this review is to describe the most recent advances in MS regarding diagnosis, molecular background, various clinical manifestations from several organs, and treatment approaches. Due to the lack of prospective, randomized clinical trials, therapeutic decisions are a challenge for the clinician. In the era of novel targeted AML treatments, a critical analysis of how to decide the best option for individual patients, also covering the possible central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis is provided. For the majority of the patients, AML induction chemotherapy, followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is generally recommended. This paper discusses the role of radiotherapy, the treatment of refractory and relapsed disease, along with the therapeutic approach of difficult-to-treat patients, due to specific problems related to different anatomical sites of MS.</description><subject>Antigens</subject><subject>Biopsy</subject><subject>Blood vessels</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Cells</subject><subject>Connective tissue</subject><subject>Diagnosis</subject><subject>Disease</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Immunohistochemistry</subject><subject>Lymphoma</subject><subject>Magnetic resonance imaging</subject><subject>Medical prognosis</subject><subject>Nervous system</subject><subject>Pathogenesis</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>Sarcoma</subject><subject>Stem 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| subjects | Antigens Biopsy Blood vessels Cancer Care and treatment Cells Connective tissue Diagnosis Disease Health aspects Immunohistochemistry Lymphoma Magnetic resonance imaging Medical prognosis Nervous system Pathogenesis Patients Physiological aspects Review Sarcoma Stem cells Tomography Tumors |
| title | Myeloid Sarcoma: Novel Advances Regarding Molecular Pathogenesis, Presentation and Therapeutic Options |
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