Epitope Spreading in Immune-Mediated Glomerulonephritis: The Expanding Target
Epitope spreading is a critical mechanism driving the progression of autoimmune glomerulonephritis. This phenomenon, where immune responses broaden from a single epitope to encompass additional targets, contributes to the complexity and severity of diseases such as membranous nephropathy (MN), lupus...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of molecular sciences 2024-10, Vol.25 (20), p.11096 |
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| description | Epitope spreading is a critical mechanism driving the progression of autoimmune glomerulonephritis. This phenomenon, where immune responses broaden from a single epitope to encompass additional targets, contributes to the complexity and severity of diseases such as membranous nephropathy (MN), lupus nephritis (LN), and ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). In MN, intramolecular spreading within the phospholipase A2 receptor correlates with a worse prognosis, while LN exemplifies both intra- and intermolecular spreading, exacerbating renal involvement. Similarly, ANCA reactivity in AAV highlights the destructive potential of epitope diversification. Understanding these immunological cascades reveals therapeutic opportunities-targeting early epitope spreading could curb disease progression. Despite promising insights, the clinical utility of epitope spreading as a prognostic tool remains debated. This review provides a complete overview of the current evidence, exploring the dual-edged nature of epitope spreading, the intricate immune mechanisms behind it, and its therapeutic implications. By elucidating these dynamics, we aim to pave the way for more precise, targeted interventions in autoimmune glomerular diseases. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijms252011096 |
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This phenomenon, where immune responses broaden from a single epitope to encompass additional targets, contributes to the complexity and severity of diseases such as membranous nephropathy (MN), lupus nephritis (LN), and ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). In MN, intramolecular spreading within the phospholipase A2 receptor correlates with a worse prognosis, while LN exemplifies both intra- and intermolecular spreading, exacerbating renal involvement. Similarly, ANCA reactivity in AAV highlights the destructive potential of epitope diversification. Understanding these immunological cascades reveals therapeutic opportunities-targeting early epitope spreading could curb disease progression. Despite promising insights, the clinical utility of epitope spreading as a prognostic tool remains debated. This review provides a complete overview of the current evidence, exploring the dual-edged nature of epitope spreading, the intricate immune mechanisms behind it, and its therapeutic implications. 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This phenomenon, where immune responses broaden from a single epitope to encompass additional targets, contributes to the complexity and severity of diseases such as membranous nephropathy (MN), lupus nephritis (LN), and ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). In MN, intramolecular spreading within the phospholipase A2 receptor correlates with a worse prognosis, while LN exemplifies both intra- and intermolecular spreading, exacerbating renal involvement. Similarly, ANCA reactivity in AAV highlights the destructive potential of epitope diversification. Understanding these immunological cascades reveals therapeutic opportunities-targeting early epitope spreading could curb disease progression. Despite promising insights, the clinical utility of epitope spreading as a prognostic tool remains debated. 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| subjects | Animals Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis - immunology Antibodies Antigenic determinants Antigens Autoantibodies - immunology Autoimmune diseases Autoimmune Diseases - immunology B cells Development and progression Disease Epitopes - immunology Glomerulonephritis Glomerulonephritis - immunology Glomerulonephritis, Membranous - immunology Health aspects Humans Immune response Ligands Lupus Lupus Nephritis - immunology Lymphocytes Pathogens Prognosis Proteins Receptors, Phospholipase A2 - immunology Remission (Medicine) Review |
| title | Epitope Spreading in Immune-Mediated Glomerulonephritis: The Expanding Target |
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