Advancing Treatment Options for Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A Review of Tumor-Targeted Therapies

Although rare, Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a highly aggressive and increasingly prevalent neuroendocrine cancer of the skin. While current interventions, including surgical resection, radiation, and immunotherapy have been employed in treating many patients, those who remain unresponsive to treat...

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Veröffentlicht in:International journal of molecular sciences 2024-10, Vol.25 (20), p.11055
Hauptverfasser: Nammour, Helena M, Madrigal, Karla, Starling, Caroline T, Doan, Hung Q
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creator Nammour, Helena M
Madrigal, Karla
Starling, Caroline T
Doan, Hung Q
description Although rare, Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a highly aggressive and increasingly prevalent neuroendocrine cancer of the skin. While current interventions, including surgical resection, radiation, and immunotherapy have been employed in treating many patients, those who remain unresponsive to treatment are met with sparse alternatives and a grim prognosis. For this reason, it is of interest to expand the repertoire of available therapies for MCC patients who remain resistant to current primary interventions. Recently, our improved mechanistic understanding of aberrant cell signaling observed in both MCPyV-positive and -negative MCC has facilitated exploration into several small molecules and inhibitors, among them receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and somatostatin analogs (SSAs), both of which have positively improved response rates and reduced tumor volumes upon application to treatment of MCC. The introduction of such targeted therapies into treatment protocols holds promise for more personalized care tailored towards patients of diverse subtypes, thereby improving outcomes and mitigating tumor burden, especially for treatment-resistant individuals. In this review, we characterize recent findings surrounding targeted treatments that have been applied to MCC and provide an overview of emerging perspectives on translatable options that can be further developed to offer additional therapeutic avenues for patients with the disease.
doi_str_mv 10.3390/ijms252011055
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source MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; PubMed Central
subjects Antimitotic agents
Antineoplastic agents
Antineoplastic Agents - therapeutic use
Cancer
Cancer therapies
Carcinoma
Carcinoma, Merkel Cell - drug therapy
Carcinoma, Merkel Cell - pathology
Carcinoma, Merkel Cell - therapy
Care and treatment
Cell growth
Clinical trials
Development and progression
Health aspects
Humans
Immunotherapy
Kinases
Lanreotide
Ligands
Metastasis
Molecular Targeted Therapy - methods
Mutation
Pathogenesis
Protein Kinase Inhibitors - therapeutic use
Response rates
Review
Skin
Skin cancer
Skin Neoplasms - drug therapy
Skin Neoplasms - pathology
Skin Neoplasms - therapy
Tumorigenesis
Tumors
Tyrosine
Vascular endothelial growth factor
title Advancing Treatment Options for Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A Review of Tumor-Targeted Therapies
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