Exploring the Gut Microbiota: Key Insights Into Its Role in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes
Abstract The gut microbiota (GM), comprising trillions of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract, is a key player in the development of obesity and related metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), metabolic syndrome (MS), and cardiovascular diseases. This mini-review delves into the...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2024-10, Vol.109 (11), p.2709-2719 |
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| creator | Sasidharan Pillai, Sabitha Gagnon, Charles A Foster, Christy Ashraf, Ambika P |
| description | Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM), comprising trillions of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract, is a key player in the development of obesity and related metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), metabolic syndrome (MS), and cardiovascular diseases. This mini-review delves into the intricate roles and mechanisms of the GM in these conditions, offering insights into potential therapeutic strategies targeting the microbiota. The review elucidates the diversity and development of the human GM, highlighting its pivotal functions in host physiology, including nutrient absorption, immune regulation, and energy metabolism. Studies show that GM dysbiosis is linked to increased energy extraction, altered metabolic pathways, and inflammation, contributing to obesity, MS, and T2D. The interplay between dietary habits and GM composition is explored, underscoring the influence of diet on microbial diversity and metabolic functions. Additionally, the review addresses the impact of common medications and therapeutic interventions like fecal microbiota transplantation on GM composition. The evidence so far advocates for further research to delineate the therapeutic potential of GM modulation in mitigating obesity and metabolic diseases, emphasizing the necessity of clinical trials to establish effective and sustainable treatment protocols. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1210/clinem/dgae499 |
| format | Article |
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The gut microbiota (GM), comprising trillions of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract, is a key player in the development of obesity and related metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), metabolic syndrome (MS), and cardiovascular diseases. This mini-review delves into the intricate roles and mechanisms of the GM in these conditions, offering insights into potential therapeutic strategies targeting the microbiota. The review elucidates the diversity and development of the human GM, highlighting its pivotal functions in host physiology, including nutrient absorption, immune regulation, and energy metabolism. Studies show that GM dysbiosis is linked to increased energy extraction, altered metabolic pathways, and inflammation, contributing to obesity, MS, and T2D. The interplay between dietary habits and GM composition is explored, underscoring the influence of diet on microbial diversity and metabolic functions. Additionally, the review addresses the impact of common medications and therapeutic interventions like fecal microbiota transplantation on GM composition. The evidence so far advocates for further research to delineate the therapeutic potential of GM modulation in mitigating obesity and metabolic diseases, emphasizing the necessity of clinical trials to establish effective and sustainable treatment protocols.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-972X</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1945-7197</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1945-7197</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae499</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39040013</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>US: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Animals ; Cardiovascular diseases ; Clinical trials ; Diabetes ; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent) ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - microbiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - therapy ; Digestive system ; Dysbacteriosis ; Dysbiosis - microbiology ; Dysbiosis - therapy ; Energy metabolism ; Energy Metabolism - physiology ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Fecal microflora ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology ; Gastrointestinal tract ; Humans ; Immunoregulation ; Intestinal microflora ; Metabolic disorders ; Metabolic pathways ; Metabolic syndrome ; Metabolic Syndrome - metabolism ; Metabolic Syndrome - microbiology ; Metabolic Syndrome - therapy ; Microbiota ; Mini-Review ; Obesity ; Obesity - metabolism ; Obesity - microbiology ; Obesity - therapy ; Reviews ; Therapeutic applications</subject><ispartof>The journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2024-10, Vol.109 (11), p.2709-2719</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society. 2024</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c338t-49298c89c018a8c9d4f35a95f3ffa5b94ed52cfca3ce8713a4e8e6f1800d93fe3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-4892-9172 ; 0000-0003-0692-6624</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,777,781,882,27905,27906</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39040013$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Sasidharan Pillai, Sabitha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gagnon, Charles A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Foster, Christy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ashraf, Ambika P</creatorcontrib><title>Exploring the Gut Microbiota: Key Insights Into Its Role in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes</title><title>The journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism</title><addtitle>J Clin Endocrinol Metab</addtitle><description>Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM), comprising trillions of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract, is a key player in the development of obesity and related metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), metabolic syndrome (MS), and cardiovascular diseases. This mini-review delves into the intricate roles and mechanisms of the GM in these conditions, offering insights into potential therapeutic strategies targeting the microbiota. The review elucidates the diversity and development of the human GM, highlighting its pivotal functions in host physiology, including nutrient absorption, immune regulation, and energy metabolism. Studies show that GM dysbiosis is linked to increased energy extraction, altered metabolic pathways, and inflammation, contributing to obesity, MS, and T2D. The interplay between dietary habits and GM composition is explored, underscoring the influence of diet on microbial diversity and metabolic functions. Additionally, the review addresses the impact of common medications and therapeutic interventions like fecal microbiota transplantation on GM composition. The evidence so far advocates for further research to delineate the therapeutic potential of GM modulation in mitigating obesity and metabolic diseases, emphasizing the necessity of clinical trials to establish effective and sustainable treatment protocols.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Cardiovascular diseases</subject><subject>Clinical trials</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - microbiology</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - therapy</subject><subject>Digestive system</subject><subject>Dysbacteriosis</subject><subject>Dysbiosis - microbiology</subject><subject>Dysbiosis - therapy</subject><subject>Energy metabolism</subject><subject>Energy Metabolism - physiology</subject><subject>Fecal Microbiota Transplantation</subject><subject>Fecal microflora</subject><subject>Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology</subject><subject>Gastrointestinal tract</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunoregulation</subject><subject>Intestinal microflora</subject><subject>Metabolic disorders</subject><subject>Metabolic pathways</subject><subject>Metabolic syndrome</subject><subject>Metabolic Syndrome - metabolism</subject><subject>Metabolic Syndrome - microbiology</subject><subject>Metabolic Syndrome - therapy</subject><subject>Microbiota</subject><subject>Mini-Review</subject><subject>Obesity</subject><subject>Obesity - metabolism</subject><subject>Obesity - microbiology</subject><subject>Obesity - therapy</subject><subject>Reviews</subject><subject>Therapeutic applications</subject><issn>0021-972X</issn><issn>1945-7197</issn><issn>1945-7197</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>TOX</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkUFv1DAQhS0EotvClSOyxIVKTWvHzsbuBaHSlhWtKkGRuFmOM9l1ldjBdhD597japWq5cJoZzTdPM_MQekPJMS0pOTG9dTCctGsNXMpnaEElr4qayvo5WhBS0kLW5Y89tB_jHSGU84q9RHtMEp4rtkD9-e-x98G6NU4bwJdTwtfWBN9Yn_Qp_gIzXrlo15sUc5I8XuXkq-8BW4dvGog2zUf4GpJufG8N_ja7NvgBjrB2Lb6dR8Al_mR1AwniK_Si032E17t4gL5fnN-efS6ubi5XZx-vCsOYSAWXpRRGSEOo0MLIlnes0rLqWNfpqpEc2qo0ndHMgKgp0xwELDsqCGkl64AdoA9b3XFqBmgNuBR0r8ZgBx1m5bVVTzvObtTa_1KU8lrWhGSF9zuF4H9OEJMabDTQ99qBn6JiRLClIGIpMvruH_TOT8Hl-xSjpSAlo1xm6nhL5d_GGKB72IYSde-k2jqpdk7mgbePb3jA_1qXgcMt4Kfxf2J_AGDeqrM</recordid><startdate>20241015</startdate><enddate>20241015</enddate><creator>Sasidharan Pillai, Sabitha</creator><creator>Gagnon, Charles A</creator><creator>Foster, Christy</creator><creator>Ashraf, Ambika P</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>TOX</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4892-9172</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0692-6624</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20241015</creationdate><title>Exploring the Gut Microbiota: Key Insights Into Its Role in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes</title><author>Sasidharan Pillai, Sabitha ; Gagnon, Charles A ; Foster, Christy ; Ashraf, Ambika P</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c338t-49298c89c018a8c9d4f35a95f3ffa5b94ed52cfca3ce8713a4e8e6f1800d93fe3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Cardiovascular diseases</topic><topic>Clinical trials</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - microbiology</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - therapy</topic><topic>Digestive system</topic><topic>Dysbacteriosis</topic><topic>Dysbiosis - microbiology</topic><topic>Dysbiosis - therapy</topic><topic>Energy metabolism</topic><topic>Energy Metabolism - physiology</topic><topic>Fecal Microbiota Transplantation</topic><topic>Fecal microflora</topic><topic>Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology</topic><topic>Gastrointestinal tract</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunoregulation</topic><topic>Intestinal microflora</topic><topic>Metabolic disorders</topic><topic>Metabolic pathways</topic><topic>Metabolic syndrome</topic><topic>Metabolic Syndrome - metabolism</topic><topic>Metabolic Syndrome - microbiology</topic><topic>Metabolic Syndrome - therapy</topic><topic>Microbiota</topic><topic>Mini-Review</topic><topic>Obesity</topic><topic>Obesity - metabolism</topic><topic>Obesity - microbiology</topic><topic>Obesity - therapy</topic><topic>Reviews</topic><topic>Therapeutic applications</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Sasidharan Pillai, Sabitha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gagnon, Charles A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Foster, Christy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ashraf, Ambika P</creatorcontrib><collection>Oxford Journals Open Access Collection</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>The journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Sasidharan Pillai, Sabitha</au><au>Gagnon, Charles A</au><au>Foster, Christy</au><au>Ashraf, Ambika P</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Exploring the Gut Microbiota: Key Insights Into Its Role in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes</atitle><jtitle>The journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism</jtitle><addtitle>J Clin Endocrinol Metab</addtitle><date>2024-10-15</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>109</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>2709</spage><epage>2719</epage><pages>2709-2719</pages><issn>0021-972X</issn><issn>1945-7197</issn><eissn>1945-7197</eissn><abstract>Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM), comprising trillions of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract, is a key player in the development of obesity and related metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), metabolic syndrome (MS), and cardiovascular diseases. This mini-review delves into the intricate roles and mechanisms of the GM in these conditions, offering insights into potential therapeutic strategies targeting the microbiota. The review elucidates the diversity and development of the human GM, highlighting its pivotal functions in host physiology, including nutrient absorption, immune regulation, and energy metabolism. Studies show that GM dysbiosis is linked to increased energy extraction, altered metabolic pathways, and inflammation, contributing to obesity, MS, and T2D. The interplay between dietary habits and GM composition is explored, underscoring the influence of diet on microbial diversity and metabolic functions. Additionally, the review addresses the impact of common medications and therapeutic interventions like fecal microbiota transplantation on GM composition. The evidence so far advocates for further research to delineate the therapeutic potential of GM modulation in mitigating obesity and metabolic diseases, emphasizing the necessity of clinical trials to establish effective and sustainable treatment protocols.</abstract><cop>US</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>39040013</pmid><doi>10.1210/clinem/dgae499</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4892-9172</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0692-6624</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current) |
| subjects | Animals Cardiovascular diseases Clinical trials Diabetes Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent) Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - microbiology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - therapy Digestive system Dysbacteriosis Dysbiosis - microbiology Dysbiosis - therapy Energy metabolism Energy Metabolism - physiology Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Fecal microflora Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology Gastrointestinal tract Humans Immunoregulation Intestinal microflora Metabolic disorders Metabolic pathways Metabolic syndrome Metabolic Syndrome - metabolism Metabolic Syndrome - microbiology Metabolic Syndrome - therapy Microbiota Mini-Review Obesity Obesity - metabolism Obesity - microbiology Obesity - therapy Reviews Therapeutic applications |
| title | Exploring the Gut Microbiota: Key Insights Into Its Role in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes |
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