Bioinspired Functionally Graded Composite Assembled Using Cellulose Nanocrystals and Genetically Engineered Proteins with Controlled Biomineralization

Nature provides unique insights into design strategies evolved by living organisms to construct robust materials with a combination of mechanical properties that are challenging to replicate synthetically. Hereby, inspired by the impact‐resistant dactyl club of the stomatopod, a mineralized biocompo...

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Veröffentlicht in:Advanced materials (Weinheim) 2021-10, Vol.33 (42), p.e2102658-n/a
Hauptverfasser: Mohammadi, Pezhman, Gandier, Julie‐Anne, Nonappa, Wagermaier, Wolfgang, Miserez, Ali, Penttilä, Merja
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container_issue 42
container_start_page e2102658
container_title Advanced materials (Weinheim)
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creator Mohammadi, Pezhman
Gandier, Julie‐Anne
Nonappa
Wagermaier, Wolfgang
Miserez, Ali
Penttilä, Merja
description Nature provides unique insights into design strategies evolved by living organisms to construct robust materials with a combination of mechanical properties that are challenging to replicate synthetically. Hereby, inspired by the impact‐resistant dactyl club of the stomatopod, a mineralized biocomposite is rationally designed and produced in the complex shapes of dental implant crowns exhibiting high strength, stiffness, and fracture toughness. This material consists of an expanded helicoidal organization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) mixed with genetically engineered proteins that regulate both binding to CNCs and in situ growth of reinforcing apatite crystals. Critically, the structural properties emerge from controlled self‐assembly across multiple length scales regulated by rational engineering and phase separation of the protein components. This work replicates multiscale biomanufacturing of a model biological material and also offers an innovative platform to synthesize multifunctional biocomposites whose properties can be finely regulated by colloidal self‐assembly and engineering of its constitutive protein building blocks. Formulation of a graded multiphase nanocomposite that mimics key molecular and architectural features of the mantis shrimp dactyl club in the complex shape of dental implant crown, exhibiting high strength, stiffness, and toughness, is reported. The material consists of expanded helicoidally organized cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) mixed with genetically engineered proteins regulating both binding to CNCs and the growth of reinforcing apatite crystals.
doi_str_mv 10.1002/adma.202102658
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subjects Animals
Apatite
Assembly
Biocompatible Materials - chemistry
Biological materials
biomaterials
Biomedical materials
Biomineralization
Cellulose
Cellulose - chemistry
cellulose nanocrystals
Composite materials
Crystal structure
Decapoda - metabolism
Dental Implants
Dental materials
Elastic Modulus
Fibroins - chemistry
Fibroins - genetics
Fibroins - metabolism
Fracture toughness
functional gradients
Functionally gradient materials
Genetic engineering
Humans
Impact resistance
Mechanical properties
Nanocrystals
Nanoparticles - chemistry
Phase separation
Protein Engineering
Proteins
Recombinant Proteins - biosynthesis
Recombinant Proteins - chemistry
Stiffness
title Bioinspired Functionally Graded Composite Assembled Using Cellulose Nanocrystals and Genetically Engineered Proteins with Controlled Biomineralization
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