Analysis of fall risk factors and environmental hazards for older adults in Japan: assessing fall situations and locations

[Purpose] This study aimed to examine falls among older adults in Japanese households and determine the risk associated with each fall location. [Participants and Methods] This study included 99 participants (249 fall events) who received daycare rehabilitation at a nursing care facility. Data on fall circumstances were collected from the medical records and accident reports. The analyzed variables included age, medical status, level of care required, fall history, location, and mode of transportation during the falls. [Results] Falls occurred most commonly in bedrooms. Falls at an entrance were associated with no assistive device (OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.06–1.80) and 1 history of falls (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.03–3.10). Risk factors for falls in bedrooms included Parkinson’s disease (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.11–1.87), orthopedic disease (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.15–3.43), and cane walking (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.33–4.13). Falls in a hallway were associated with no assistive device (OR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.15–1.91). [Conclusion] Bedrooms and hallways in Japanese households were identified as locations with a high risk of falls. The unique architectural and cultural features of Japanese homes may contribute to this risk. Rehabilitation programs should consider individual fall histories, medical conditions, and differences in mobility.