Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Isolated From Dairy Farms and Surroundings in a Rural Area of Western Anatolia, Turkey
Background Antibiotic resistance is a significant public health issue worldwide. Antibiotic-resistant zoonotic bacteria such as ( ), , , , , and can be particularly isolated from biofertilizers. Epidemiological studies have shown that cases of foodborne infections and intoxications are significantly...
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| description | Background Antibiotic resistance is a significant public health issue worldwide. Antibiotic-resistant zoonotic bacteria such as
(
),
,
,
,
, and
can be particularly isolated from biofertilizers. Epidemiological studies have shown that cases of foodborne infections and intoxications are significantly related to animal-derived foods. The presence of these species in aquatic environments indicates areas or organisms contaminated with animal or human feces. Especially, the presence of
in aquatic environments has become a serious problem worldwide. Pathogenic strains of
cause waterborne and foodborne diseases. Materials and methods This study included a total of 290 samples collected from five different dairy farms between April and September 2023 which comprised 20 samples of cow manure, 20 samples of milk, three samples of dairy workers' hand washing water, five samples of soil, five samples of water, and five samples of vegetables. The samples taken from the farms were homogenized with 0.1% peptone water at a ratio of 1/10. They were then cultured on xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD), eosin methylene blue agar (EMB), and blood agar media, and gram-negative colonies were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and the VITEK2 automated system (BioMerieux Inc., Durham, NC). Amplification of the isolated DNA extracts was performed with A.B.T.™ 2X HS-PCR MasterMix (A.B.T Laboratory Industry, Arnavutköy, Turkey) in the SimpliAmp™ thermal cycler (Thermo Fischer Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA) and visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis. Results Among the 52
strains isolated in our study, the highest antibiotic sensitivity rate was observed in meropenem, while the lowest sensitivity rates were determined in cefazolin and cefuroxime. While two of the
spp. (n = 2) isolates were found to be resistant to tetracycline, and one was found to be resistant to penicillin and ampicillin. No resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was detected in either isolate. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) were detected in only four (7.7%)
strains. While tetA, tetB, and TEM genes were seen in almost all
strains, they were not found in
spp. Conclusion In conclusion, our study revealed the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes in
and
spp. isolates collected from various farms and environmental samples, which render the antimicrobials used for disease treatment ineffective. Consequently, research should be |
| doi_str_mv | 10.7759/cureus.65996 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_11366177</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>3111373053</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c300t-3acecf7def33e473810b9cc412a1af9a6e66db85e3fb5b605893673c6ff184393</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpdkUFvEzEQhVcIRKvSG2dkiQuHJtjrrL0-oag0UKlSUSniaM16x43Lrh3sdaX8mP5XHFKq0tOMNJ_ezJtXVW8ZnUvZqI8mR8xpLhqlxIvqsGainbWsXbx80h9UxyndUkoZlTWV9HV1wFVdM75Qh9X90k-uc2FyhlxhcmkCb5B8i8G6ARMJlpwls8bozNoBMWFwBHxPvsMwBo_DACRtNnNynsIAE_ZkFcNIPoOLW7KCOKY9nWMM2ffO3yTiPAFylSMMZBkRdit-YpowerL0MJUNcEKuc_yF2zfVKwtDwuOHelT9WJ1dn36dXVx-OT9dXswMp3SacTBorOzRco4LyVtGO2XMgtXAwCoQKETftQ1y2zWdoE2ruJDcCGvLf7jiR9Wnve4mdyP2Bv1UztOb6EaIWx3A6f8n3q31TbjTjHEhmJRF4cODQgy_c7GjR5fM7j8eQ06aU6XapuWsLuj7Z-htyNEXf5qzIig5bXihTvaUiSGliPbxGkb1Lnu9z17_zb7g7546eIT_Jc3_ANbLrek</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>3111373053</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Isolated From Dairy Farms and Surroundings in a Rural Area of Western Anatolia, Turkey</title><source>PubMed Central</source><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><creator>Aslan, Savaş ; Demir, Cengiz ; Kurtoğlu, Elçin L ; Altındiş, Mustafa</creator><creatorcontrib>Aslan, Savaş ; Demir, Cengiz ; Kurtoğlu, Elçin L ; Altındiş, Mustafa</creatorcontrib><description>Background Antibiotic resistance is a significant public health issue worldwide. Antibiotic-resistant zoonotic bacteria such as
(
),
,
,
,
, and
can be particularly isolated from biofertilizers. Epidemiological studies have shown that cases of foodborne infections and intoxications are significantly related to animal-derived foods. The presence of these species in aquatic environments indicates areas or organisms contaminated with animal or human feces. Especially, the presence of
in aquatic environments has become a serious problem worldwide. Pathogenic strains of
cause waterborne and foodborne diseases. Materials and methods This study included a total of 290 samples collected from five different dairy farms between April and September 2023 which comprised 20 samples of cow manure, 20 samples of milk, three samples of dairy workers' hand washing water, five samples of soil, five samples of water, and five samples of vegetables. The samples taken from the farms were homogenized with 0.1% peptone water at a ratio of 1/10. They were then cultured on xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD), eosin methylene blue agar (EMB), and blood agar media, and gram-negative colonies were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and the VITEK2 automated system (BioMerieux Inc., Durham, NC). Amplification of the isolated DNA extracts was performed with A.B.T.™ 2X HS-PCR MasterMix (A.B.T Laboratory Industry, Arnavutköy, Turkey) in the SimpliAmp™ thermal cycler (Thermo Fischer Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA) and visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis. Results Among the 52
strains isolated in our study, the highest antibiotic sensitivity rate was observed in meropenem, while the lowest sensitivity rates were determined in cefazolin and cefuroxime. While two of the
spp. (n = 2) isolates were found to be resistant to tetracycline, and one was found to be resistant to penicillin and ampicillin. No resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was detected in either isolate. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) were detected in only four (7.7%)
strains. While tetA, tetB, and TEM genes were seen in almost all
strains, they were not found in
spp. Conclusion In conclusion, our study revealed the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes in
and
spp. isolates collected from various farms and environmental samples, which render the antimicrobials used for disease treatment ineffective. Consequently, research should be undertaken to prevent the development of new resistance genes in our country, as creating new medications and treatment strategies for these diseases is costly and time-intensive.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2168-8184</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2168-8184</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.7759/cureus.65996</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39221349</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Cureus Inc</publisher><subject>Animals ; Antibiotics ; Antimicrobial agents ; Automation ; Bacteria ; Cattle ; Dairy farms ; Drug resistance ; E coli ; Environmental Health ; Farmworkers ; Feces ; Food chains ; Food contamination & poisoning ; Genes ; Genetic testing ; Health Policy ; Infections ; Manures ; Microorganisms ; Milk ; Pathogens ; Public Health ; Salmonella ; Thermal cycling ; Vegetables ; Water ; Zoonoses</subject><ispartof>Curēus (Palo Alto, CA), 2024-08, Vol.16 (8), p.e65996</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2024, Aslan et al.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2024, Aslan et al. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2024, Aslan et al. 2024 Aslan et al.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c300t-3acecf7def33e473810b9cc412a1af9a6e66db85e3fb5b605893673c6ff184393</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11366177/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11366177/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27903,27904,53769,53771</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39221349$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Aslan, Savaş</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Demir, Cengiz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kurtoğlu, Elçin L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Altındiş, Mustafa</creatorcontrib><title>Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Isolated From Dairy Farms and Surroundings in a Rural Area of Western Anatolia, Turkey</title><title>Curēus (Palo Alto, CA)</title><addtitle>Cureus</addtitle><description>Background Antibiotic resistance is a significant public health issue worldwide. Antibiotic-resistant zoonotic bacteria such as
(
),
,
,
,
, and
can be particularly isolated from biofertilizers. Epidemiological studies have shown that cases of foodborne infections and intoxications are significantly related to animal-derived foods. The presence of these species in aquatic environments indicates areas or organisms contaminated with animal or human feces. Especially, the presence of
in aquatic environments has become a serious problem worldwide. Pathogenic strains of
cause waterborne and foodborne diseases. Materials and methods This study included a total of 290 samples collected from five different dairy farms between April and September 2023 which comprised 20 samples of cow manure, 20 samples of milk, three samples of dairy workers' hand washing water, five samples of soil, five samples of water, and five samples of vegetables. The samples taken from the farms were homogenized with 0.1% peptone water at a ratio of 1/10. They were then cultured on xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD), eosin methylene blue agar (EMB), and blood agar media, and gram-negative colonies were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and the VITEK2 automated system (BioMerieux Inc., Durham, NC). Amplification of the isolated DNA extracts was performed with A.B.T.™ 2X HS-PCR MasterMix (A.B.T Laboratory Industry, Arnavutköy, Turkey) in the SimpliAmp™ thermal cycler (Thermo Fischer Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA) and visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis. Results Among the 52
strains isolated in our study, the highest antibiotic sensitivity rate was observed in meropenem, while the lowest sensitivity rates were determined in cefazolin and cefuroxime. While two of the
spp. (n = 2) isolates were found to be resistant to tetracycline, and one was found to be resistant to penicillin and ampicillin. No resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was detected in either isolate. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) were detected in only four (7.7%)
strains. While tetA, tetB, and TEM genes were seen in almost all
strains, they were not found in
spp. Conclusion In conclusion, our study revealed the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes in
and
spp. isolates collected from various farms and environmental samples, which render the antimicrobials used for disease treatment ineffective. Consequently, research should be undertaken to prevent the development of new resistance genes in our country, as creating new medications and treatment strategies for these diseases is costly and time-intensive.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antibiotics</subject><subject>Antimicrobial agents</subject><subject>Automation</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Cattle</subject><subject>Dairy farms</subject><subject>Drug resistance</subject><subject>E coli</subject><subject>Environmental Health</subject><subject>Farmworkers</subject><subject>Feces</subject><subject>Food chains</subject><subject>Food contamination & poisoning</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genetic testing</subject><subject>Health Policy</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Manures</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Milk</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Public Health</subject><subject>Salmonella</subject><subject>Thermal cycling</subject><subject>Vegetables</subject><subject>Water</subject><subject>Zoonoses</subject><issn>2168-8184</issn><issn>2168-8184</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkUFvEzEQhVcIRKvSG2dkiQuHJtjrrL0-oag0UKlSUSniaM16x43Lrh3sdaX8mP5XHFKq0tOMNJ_ezJtXVW8ZnUvZqI8mR8xpLhqlxIvqsGainbWsXbx80h9UxyndUkoZlTWV9HV1wFVdM75Qh9X90k-uc2FyhlxhcmkCb5B8i8G6ARMJlpwls8bozNoBMWFwBHxPvsMwBo_DACRtNnNynsIAE_ZkFcNIPoOLW7KCOKY9nWMM2ffO3yTiPAFylSMMZBkRdit-YpowerL0MJUNcEKuc_yF2zfVKwtDwuOHelT9WJ1dn36dXVx-OT9dXswMp3SacTBorOzRco4LyVtGO2XMgtXAwCoQKETftQ1y2zWdoE2ruJDcCGvLf7jiR9Wnve4mdyP2Bv1UztOb6EaIWx3A6f8n3q31TbjTjHEhmJRF4cODQgy_c7GjR5fM7j8eQ06aU6XapuWsLuj7Z-htyNEXf5qzIig5bXihTvaUiSGliPbxGkb1Lnu9z17_zb7g7546eIT_Jc3_ANbLrek</recordid><startdate>20240802</startdate><enddate>20240802</enddate><creator>Aslan, Savaş</creator><creator>Demir, Cengiz</creator><creator>Kurtoğlu, Elçin L</creator><creator>Altındiş, Mustafa</creator><general>Cureus Inc</general><general>Cureus</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20240802</creationdate><title>Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Isolated From Dairy Farms and Surroundings in a Rural Area of Western Anatolia, Turkey</title><author>Aslan, Savaş ; Demir, Cengiz ; Kurtoğlu, Elçin L ; Altındiş, Mustafa</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c300t-3acecf7def33e473810b9cc412a1af9a6e66db85e3fb5b605893673c6ff184393</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antibiotics</topic><topic>Antimicrobial agents</topic><topic>Automation</topic><topic>Bacteria</topic><topic>Cattle</topic><topic>Dairy farms</topic><topic>Drug resistance</topic><topic>E coli</topic><topic>Environmental Health</topic><topic>Farmworkers</topic><topic>Feces</topic><topic>Food chains</topic><topic>Food contamination & poisoning</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Genetic testing</topic><topic>Health Policy</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Manures</topic><topic>Microorganisms</topic><topic>Milk</topic><topic>Pathogens</topic><topic>Public Health</topic><topic>Salmonella</topic><topic>Thermal cycling</topic><topic>Vegetables</topic><topic>Water</topic><topic>Zoonoses</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Aslan, Savaş</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Demir, Cengiz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kurtoğlu, Elçin L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Altındiş, Mustafa</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Curēus (Palo Alto, CA)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Aslan, Savaş</au><au>Demir, Cengiz</au><au>Kurtoğlu, Elçin L</au><au>Altındiş, Mustafa</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Isolated From Dairy Farms and Surroundings in a Rural Area of Western Anatolia, Turkey</atitle><jtitle>Curēus (Palo Alto, CA)</jtitle><addtitle>Cureus</addtitle><date>2024-08-02</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>e65996</spage><pages>e65996-</pages><issn>2168-8184</issn><eissn>2168-8184</eissn><abstract>Background Antibiotic resistance is a significant public health issue worldwide. Antibiotic-resistant zoonotic bacteria such as
(
),
,
,
,
, and
can be particularly isolated from biofertilizers. Epidemiological studies have shown that cases of foodborne infections and intoxications are significantly related to animal-derived foods. The presence of these species in aquatic environments indicates areas or organisms contaminated with animal or human feces. Especially, the presence of
in aquatic environments has become a serious problem worldwide. Pathogenic strains of
cause waterborne and foodborne diseases. Materials and methods This study included a total of 290 samples collected from five different dairy farms between April and September 2023 which comprised 20 samples of cow manure, 20 samples of milk, three samples of dairy workers' hand washing water, five samples of soil, five samples of water, and five samples of vegetables. The samples taken from the farms were homogenized with 0.1% peptone water at a ratio of 1/10. They were then cultured on xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD), eosin methylene blue agar (EMB), and blood agar media, and gram-negative colonies were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and the VITEK2 automated system (BioMerieux Inc., Durham, NC). Amplification of the isolated DNA extracts was performed with A.B.T.™ 2X HS-PCR MasterMix (A.B.T Laboratory Industry, Arnavutköy, Turkey) in the SimpliAmp™ thermal cycler (Thermo Fischer Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA) and visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis. Results Among the 52
strains isolated in our study, the highest antibiotic sensitivity rate was observed in meropenem, while the lowest sensitivity rates were determined in cefazolin and cefuroxime. While two of the
spp. (n = 2) isolates were found to be resistant to tetracycline, and one was found to be resistant to penicillin and ampicillin. No resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was detected in either isolate. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) were detected in only four (7.7%)
strains. While tetA, tetB, and TEM genes were seen in almost all
strains, they were not found in
spp. Conclusion In conclusion, our study revealed the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes in
and
spp. isolates collected from various farms and environmental samples, which render the antimicrobials used for disease treatment ineffective. Consequently, research should be undertaken to prevent the development of new resistance genes in our country, as creating new medications and treatment strategies for these diseases is costly and time-intensive.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Cureus Inc</pub><pmid>39221349</pmid><doi>10.7759/cureus.65996</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | PubMed Central; PubMed Central Open Access |
| subjects | Animals Antibiotics Antimicrobial agents Automation Bacteria Cattle Dairy farms Drug resistance E coli Environmental Health Farmworkers Feces Food chains Food contamination & poisoning Genes Genetic testing Health Policy Infections Manures Microorganisms Milk Pathogens Public Health Salmonella Thermal cycling Vegetables Water Zoonoses |
| title | Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Isolated From Dairy Farms and Surroundings in a Rural Area of Western Anatolia, Turkey |
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