Global estimates on the number of people blind or visually impaired by diabetic retinopathy: a meta-analysis from 2000 to 2020
Objectives To estimate global and regional trends from 2000 to 2020 of the number of persons visually impaired by diabetic retinopathy and their proportion of the total number of vision-impaired individuals. Methods Data from population-based studies on eye diseases between 1980 to 2018 were compile...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Eye (London) 2024-08, Vol.38 (11), p.2047-2057 |
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| creator | Curran, Katie Peto, Tunde Jonas, Jost B. Friedman, David Kim, Judy E. Leasher, Janet Tapply, Ian Fernandes, Arthur G. Cicinelli, Maria Vittoria Arrigo, Alessandro Leveziel, Nicolas Resnikoff, Serge Taylor, Hugh R. Sedighi, Tabassom Flaxman, Seth Bikbov, Mukkharram M. Braithwaite, Tasanee Bron, Alain Cheng, Ching-Yu Del Monte, Monte A. Ehrlich, Joshua R. Furtado, João M. Gazzard, Gus Hartnett, M. Elizabeth Kahloun, Rim Kempen, John H. Khairallah, Moncef Khanna, Rohit C. Lansingh, Van Charles Naidoo, Kovin S. Nangia, Vinay Nowak, Michal Pesudovs, Konrad Ramulu, Pradeep Topouzis, Fotis Tsilimbaris, Mitiadis Wang, Ya Xing Wang, Ningli Bourne, Rupert R. A. Bourne, Rupert Leasher, Janet L. Friedman, David S. Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmadieh, Hamid Ahmed, Ayman Alfaar, Ahmad Samir Almidani, Louay Amu, Hubert Androudi, Sofia Arabloo, Jalal Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. Asemu, Mulu Tiruneh Azzam, Ahmed Y. Baghcheghi, Nayereh Bailey, Freddie Baran, Mehmet Firat Bardhan, Mainak Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barrow, Amadou Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bikbov, Mukharram Briant, Paul Svitil Burkart, Katrin Cámera, Luis Alberto Coberly, Kaleb Dadras, Omid Dai, Xiaochen Dehghan, Amin Demessa, Berecha Hundessa Diress, Mengistie Do, Thanh Chi Do, Thao Huynh Phuong Dokova, Klara Georgieva Duncan, Bruce B. Ekholuenetale, Michael Elhadi, Muhammed Emamian, Mohammad Hassan Emamverdi, Mehdi Farrokhpour, Hossein Fatehizadeh, Ali Desideri, Lorenzo Ferro Gebrehiwot, Mesfin Ghassemi, Fariba Gudeta, Mesay Dechasa Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Hammond, Billy Randall Harorani, Mehdi Hasani, Hamidreza Heidari, Golnaz Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi Huang, John J. Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Javadi, Nilofer Jimenez-Corona, Aida Jokar, Mohammad Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma Kadashetti, Vidya Kandel, Himal |
| description | Objectives
To estimate global and regional trends from 2000 to 2020 of the number of persons visually impaired by diabetic retinopathy and their proportion of the total number of vision-impaired individuals.
Methods
Data from population-based studies on eye diseases between 1980 to 2018 were compiled. Meta-regression models were performed to estimate the prevalence of blindness (presenting visual acuity |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/s41433-024-03101-5 |
| format | Article |
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Elizabeth ; Kahloun, Rim ; Kempen, John H. ; Khairallah, Moncef ; Khanna, Rohit C. ; Lansingh, Van Charles ; Naidoo, Kovin S. ; Nangia, Vinay ; Nowak, Michal ; Pesudovs, Konrad ; Ramulu, Pradeep ; Topouzis, Fotis ; Tsilimbaris, Mitiadis ; Wang, Ya Xing ; Wang, Ningli ; Bourne, Rupert R. A. ; Bourne, Rupert ; Leasher, Janet L. ; Friedman, David S. ; Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku ; Ahmadieh, Hamid ; Ahmed, Ayman ; Alfaar, Ahmad Samir ; Almidani, Louay ; Amu, Hubert ; Androudi, Sofia ; Arabloo, Jalal ; Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. ; Asemu, Mulu Tiruneh ; Azzam, Ahmed Y. ; Baghcheghi, Nayereh ; Bailey, Freddie ; Baran, Mehmet Firat ; Bardhan, Mainak ; Bärnighausen, Till Winfried ; Barrow, Amadou ; Bhardwaj, Pankaj ; Bikbov, Mukharram ; Briant, Paul Svitil ; Burkart, Katrin ; Cámera, Luis Alberto ; Coberly, Kaleb ; Dadras, Omid ; Dai, Xiaochen ; Dehghan, Amin ; Demessa, Berecha Hundessa ; Diress, Mengistie ; Do, Thanh Chi ; Do, Thao Huynh Phuong ; Dokova, Klara Georgieva ; Duncan, Bruce B. ; Ekholuenetale, Michael ; Elhadi, Muhammed ; Emamian, Mohammad Hassan ; Emamverdi, Mehdi ; Farrokhpour, Hossein ; Fatehizadeh, Ali ; Desideri, Lorenzo Ferro ; Gebrehiwot, Mesfin ; Ghassemi, Fariba ; Gudeta, Mesay Dechasa ; Gupta, Sapna ; Gupta, Veer Bala ; Gupta, Vivek Kumar ; Hammond, Billy Randall ; Harorani, Mehdi ; Hasani, Hamidreza ; Heidari, Golnaz ; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi ; Huang, John J. ; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful ; Javadi, Nilofer ; Jimenez-Corona, Aida ; Jokar, Mohammad ; Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma ; Kadashetti, Vidya ; Kandel, Himal</creator><creatorcontrib>Curran, Katie ; Peto, Tunde ; Jonas, Jost B. ; Friedman, David ; Kim, Judy E. ; Leasher, Janet ; Tapply, Ian ; Fernandes, Arthur G. ; Cicinelli, Maria Vittoria ; Arrigo, Alessandro ; Leveziel, Nicolas ; Resnikoff, Serge ; Taylor, Hugh R. ; Sedighi, Tabassom ; Flaxman, Seth ; Bikbov, Mukkharram M. ; Braithwaite, Tasanee ; Bron, Alain ; Cheng, Ching-Yu ; Del Monte, Monte A. ; Ehrlich, Joshua R. ; Furtado, João M. ; Gazzard, Gus ; Hartnett, M. Elizabeth ; Kahloun, Rim ; Kempen, John H. ; Khairallah, Moncef ; Khanna, Rohit C. ; Lansingh, Van Charles ; Naidoo, Kovin S. ; Nangia, Vinay ; Nowak, Michal ; Pesudovs, Konrad ; Ramulu, Pradeep ; Topouzis, Fotis ; Tsilimbaris, Mitiadis ; Wang, Ya Xing ; Wang, Ningli ; Bourne, Rupert R. A. ; Bourne, Rupert ; Leasher, Janet L. ; Friedman, David S. ; Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku ; Ahmadieh, Hamid ; Ahmed, Ayman ; Alfaar, Ahmad Samir ; Almidani, Louay ; Amu, Hubert ; Androudi, Sofia ; Arabloo, Jalal ; Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. ; Asemu, Mulu Tiruneh ; Azzam, Ahmed Y. ; Baghcheghi, Nayereh ; Bailey, Freddie ; Baran, Mehmet Firat ; Bardhan, Mainak ; Bärnighausen, Till Winfried ; Barrow, Amadou ; Bhardwaj, Pankaj ; Bikbov, Mukharram ; Briant, Paul Svitil ; Burkart, Katrin ; Cámera, Luis Alberto ; Coberly, Kaleb ; Dadras, Omid ; Dai, Xiaochen ; Dehghan, Amin ; Demessa, Berecha Hundessa ; Diress, Mengistie ; Do, Thanh Chi ; Do, Thao Huynh Phuong ; Dokova, Klara Georgieva ; Duncan, Bruce B. ; Ekholuenetale, Michael ; Elhadi, Muhammed ; Emamian, Mohammad Hassan ; Emamverdi, Mehdi ; Farrokhpour, Hossein ; Fatehizadeh, Ali ; Desideri, Lorenzo Ferro ; Gebrehiwot, Mesfin ; Ghassemi, Fariba ; Gudeta, Mesay Dechasa ; Gupta, Sapna ; Gupta, Veer Bala ; Gupta, Vivek Kumar ; Hammond, Billy Randall ; Harorani, Mehdi ; Hasani, Hamidreza ; Heidari, Golnaz ; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi ; Huang, John J. ; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful ; Javadi, Nilofer ; Jimenez-Corona, Aida ; Jokar, Mohammad ; Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma ; Kadashetti, Vidya ; Kandel, Himal ; GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborators ; Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease Study ; the GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborators</creatorcontrib><description>Objectives
To estimate global and regional trends from 2000 to 2020 of the number of persons visually impaired by diabetic retinopathy and their proportion of the total number of vision-impaired individuals.
Methods
Data from population-based studies on eye diseases between 1980 to 2018 were compiled. Meta-regression models were performed to estimate the prevalence of blindness (presenting visual acuity <3/60) and moderate or severe vision impairment (MSVI; <6/18 to ≥3/60) attributed to DR. The estimates, with 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs], were stratified by age, sex, year, and region.
Results
In 2020, 1.07 million (95% UI: 0.76, 1.51) people were blind due to DR, with nearly 3.28 million (95% UI: 2.41, 4.34) experiencing MSVI. The GBD super-regions with the highest percentage of all DR-related blindness and MSVI were Latin America and the Caribbean (6.95% [95% UI: 5.08, 9.51]) and North Africa and the Middle East (2.12% [95% UI: 1.55, 2.79]), respectively. Between 2000 and 2020, changes in DR-related blindness and MSVI were greater among females than males, predominantly in the super-regions of South Asia (blindness) and Southeast Asia, East Asia, and Oceania (MSVI).
Conclusions
Given the rapid global rise in diabetes and increased life expectancy, DR is anticipated to persist as a significant public health challenge. The findings emphasise the need for gender-specific interventions and region-specific DR healthcare policies to mitigate disparities and prevent avoidable blindness. This study contributes to the expanding body of literature on the burden of DR, highlighting the need for increased global attention and investment in this research area.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0950-222X</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1476-5454</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-5454</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/s41433-024-03101-5</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38937557</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>692/308/174 ; 692/699/3161/3175 ; Acuity ; Blindness ; Blindness - epidemiology ; Blindness - etiology ; Diabetes ; Diabetes mellitus ; Diabetic retinopathy ; Diabetic Retinopathy - epidemiology ; Eye diseases ; Female ; Global Health ; Humans ; Laboratory Medicine ; Life span ; Male ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Ophthalmology ; Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology ; Population studies ; Prevalence ; Public health ; Regression analysis ; Retinopathy ; Sex differences ; Sex Distribution ; Surgery ; Surgical Oncology ; Vision ; Visual Acuity - physiology ; Visual impairment ; Visually Impaired Persons - statistics & numerical data</subject><ispartof>Eye (London), 2024-08, Vol.38 (11), p.2047-2057</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2024</rights><rights>2024. The Author(s).</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2024. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2024 2024</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c356t-1349dcd488e2bbbc5ba12711cb2316bf34ac9393e55a5a06f7fa37b143677b533</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-8169-1645</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1038/s41433-024-03101-5$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1038/s41433-024-03101-5$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,777,781,882,27905,27906,41469,42538,51300</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38937557$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Curran, Katie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peto, Tunde</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jonas, Jost B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Friedman, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Judy E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leasher, Janet</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tapply, Ian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fernandes, Arthur G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cicinelli, Maria Vittoria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arrigo, Alessandro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leveziel, Nicolas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Resnikoff, Serge</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taylor, Hugh R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sedighi, Tabassom</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Flaxman, Seth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bikbov, Mukkharram M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Braithwaite, Tasanee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bron, Alain</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheng, Ching-Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Del Monte, Monte A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ehrlich, Joshua R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Furtado, João M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gazzard, Gus</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hartnett, M. Elizabeth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kahloun, Rim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kempen, John H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khairallah, Moncef</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khanna, Rohit C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lansingh, Van Charles</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Naidoo, Kovin S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nangia, Vinay</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nowak, Michal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pesudovs, Konrad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ramulu, Pradeep</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Topouzis, Fotis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsilimbaris, Mitiadis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Ya Xing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Ningli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bourne, Rupert R. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bourne, Rupert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leasher, Janet L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Friedman, David S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahmadieh, Hamid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahmed, Ayman</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alfaar, Ahmad Samir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Almidani, Louay</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Amu, Hubert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Androudi, Sofia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arabloo, Jalal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aravkin, Aleksandr Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Asemu, Mulu Tiruneh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Azzam, Ahmed Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baghcheghi, Nayereh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bailey, Freddie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baran, Mehmet Firat</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bardhan, Mainak</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bärnighausen, Till Winfried</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barrow, Amadou</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bhardwaj, Pankaj</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bikbov, Mukharram</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Briant, Paul Svitil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burkart, Katrin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cámera, Luis Alberto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coberly, Kaleb</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dadras, Omid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dai, Xiaochen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dehghan, Amin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Demessa, Berecha Hundessa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Diress, Mengistie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Do, Thanh Chi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Do, Thao Huynh Phuong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dokova, Klara Georgieva</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duncan, Bruce B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ekholuenetale, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Elhadi, Muhammed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Emamian, Mohammad Hassan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Emamverdi, Mehdi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Farrokhpour, Hossein</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fatehizadeh, Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Desideri, Lorenzo Ferro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gebrehiwot, Mesfin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ghassemi, Fariba</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gudeta, Mesay Dechasa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gupta, Sapna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gupta, Veer Bala</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gupta, Vivek Kumar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hammond, Billy Randall</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harorani, Mehdi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hasani, Hamidreza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heidari, Golnaz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, John J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Javadi, Nilofer</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jimenez-Corona, Aida</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jokar, Mohammad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kadashetti, Vidya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kandel, Himal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborators</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease Study</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>the GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborators</creatorcontrib><title>Global estimates on the number of people blind or visually impaired by diabetic retinopathy: a meta-analysis from 2000 to 2020</title><title>Eye (London)</title><addtitle>Eye</addtitle><addtitle>Eye (Lond)</addtitle><description>Objectives
To estimate global and regional trends from 2000 to 2020 of the number of persons visually impaired by diabetic retinopathy and their proportion of the total number of vision-impaired individuals.
Methods
Data from population-based studies on eye diseases between 1980 to 2018 were compiled. Meta-regression models were performed to estimate the prevalence of blindness (presenting visual acuity <3/60) and moderate or severe vision impairment (MSVI; <6/18 to ≥3/60) attributed to DR. The estimates, with 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs], were stratified by age, sex, year, and region.
Results
In 2020, 1.07 million (95% UI: 0.76, 1.51) people were blind due to DR, with nearly 3.28 million (95% UI: 2.41, 4.34) experiencing MSVI. The GBD super-regions with the highest percentage of all DR-related blindness and MSVI were Latin America and the Caribbean (6.95% [95% UI: 5.08, 9.51]) and North Africa and the Middle East (2.12% [95% UI: 1.55, 2.79]), respectively. Between 2000 and 2020, changes in DR-related blindness and MSVI were greater among females than males, predominantly in the super-regions of South Asia (blindness) and Southeast Asia, East Asia, and Oceania (MSVI).
Conclusions
Given the rapid global rise in diabetes and increased life expectancy, DR is anticipated to persist as a significant public health challenge. The findings emphasise the need for gender-specific interventions and region-specific DR healthcare policies to mitigate disparities and prevent avoidable blindness. This study contributes to the expanding body of literature on the burden of DR, highlighting the need for increased global attention and investment in this research area.</description><subject>692/308/174</subject><subject>692/699/3161/3175</subject><subject>Acuity</subject><subject>Blindness</subject><subject>Blindness - epidemiology</subject><subject>Blindness - etiology</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Diabetes mellitus</subject><subject>Diabetic retinopathy</subject><subject>Diabetic Retinopathy - epidemiology</subject><subject>Eye diseases</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Global Health</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Laboratory Medicine</subject><subject>Life span</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Ophthalmology</subject><subject>Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology</subject><subject>Population studies</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Retinopathy</subject><subject>Sex differences</subject><subject>Sex Distribution</subject><subject>Surgery</subject><subject>Surgical Oncology</subject><subject>Vision</subject><subject>Visual Acuity - physiology</subject><subject>Visual impairment</subject><subject>Visually Impaired Persons - statistics & numerical data</subject><issn>0950-222X</issn><issn>1476-5454</issn><issn>1476-5454</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kTuP1TAQhS0EYi8X_gAFskRDE_AzTmgQWsGCtBINSHTWOHH2euXYwXZWSsNvx5e7LI-CZqY4n49n5iD0lJKXlPDuVRZUcN4QJhrCKaGNvId2VKi2kUKK-2hHekkaxtjXM_Qo52tCqqjIQ3TGu54rKdUOfb_w0YDHNhc3Q7EZx4DLweKwzsYmHCe82Lh4i413YcQx4RuXV_B-w25ewCU7YrPh0YGxxQ041RriAuWwvcaAZ1uggQB-yy7jKcUZM0IILrF2Rh6jBxP4bJ_c9j368v7d5_MPzeWni4_nby-bgcu2NJSLfhxG0XWWGWMGaYAyRelgGKetmbiAoec9t1KCBNJOagKuTD1Pq5SRnO_Rm5PvsprZjoMNJYHXS6pLp01HcPpvJbiDvoo3mlLW9m3PqsOLW4cUv631XHp2ebDeQ7BxzZoTxVktrazo83_Q67imeoMj1QlKJKv57RE7UUOKOSc73U1DiT7mq0_56pqv_pmvPlo_-3OPuye_Aq0APwG5SuHKpt9__8f2B4UOsL0</recordid><startdate>20240801</startdate><enddate>20240801</enddate><creator>Curran, Katie</creator><creator>Peto, Tunde</creator><creator>Jonas, Jost B.</creator><creator>Friedman, David</creator><creator>Kim, Judy E.</creator><creator>Leasher, Janet</creator><creator>Tapply, Ian</creator><creator>Fernandes, Arthur G.</creator><creator>Cicinelli, Maria Vittoria</creator><creator>Arrigo, Alessandro</creator><creator>Leveziel, Nicolas</creator><creator>Resnikoff, Serge</creator><creator>Taylor, Hugh R.</creator><creator>Sedighi, Tabassom</creator><creator>Flaxman, Seth</creator><creator>Bikbov, Mukkharram M.</creator><creator>Braithwaite, Tasanee</creator><creator>Bron, Alain</creator><creator>Cheng, Ching-Yu</creator><creator>Del Monte, Monte A.</creator><creator>Ehrlich, Joshua R.</creator><creator>Furtado, João M.</creator><creator>Gazzard, Gus</creator><creator>Hartnett, M. Elizabeth</creator><creator>Kahloun, Rim</creator><creator>Kempen, John H.</creator><creator>Khairallah, Moncef</creator><creator>Khanna, Rohit C.</creator><creator>Lansingh, Van Charles</creator><creator>Naidoo, Kovin S.</creator><creator>Nangia, Vinay</creator><creator>Nowak, Michal</creator><creator>Pesudovs, Konrad</creator><creator>Ramulu, Pradeep</creator><creator>Topouzis, Fotis</creator><creator>Tsilimbaris, Mitiadis</creator><creator>Wang, Ya Xing</creator><creator>Wang, Ningli</creator><creator>Bourne, Rupert R. A.</creator><creator>Bourne, Rupert</creator><creator>Leasher, Janet L.</creator><creator>Friedman, David S.</creator><creator>Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku</creator><creator>Ahmadieh, Hamid</creator><creator>Ahmed, Ayman</creator><creator>Alfaar, Ahmad Samir</creator><creator>Almidani, Louay</creator><creator>Amu, Hubert</creator><creator>Androudi, Sofia</creator><creator>Arabloo, Jalal</creator><creator>Aravkin, Aleksandr Y.</creator><creator>Asemu, Mulu Tiruneh</creator><creator>Azzam, Ahmed Y.</creator><creator>Baghcheghi, Nayereh</creator><creator>Bailey, Freddie</creator><creator>Baran, Mehmet Firat</creator><creator>Bardhan, Mainak</creator><creator>Bärnighausen, Till Winfried</creator><creator>Barrow, Amadou</creator><creator>Bhardwaj, Pankaj</creator><creator>Bikbov, Mukharram</creator><creator>Briant, Paul Svitil</creator><creator>Burkart, Katrin</creator><creator>Cámera, Luis Alberto</creator><creator>Coberly, Kaleb</creator><creator>Dadras, Omid</creator><creator>Dai, Xiaochen</creator><creator>Dehghan, Amin</creator><creator>Demessa, Berecha Hundessa</creator><creator>Diress, Mengistie</creator><creator>Do, Thanh Chi</creator><creator>Do, Thao Huynh Phuong</creator><creator>Dokova, Klara Georgieva</creator><creator>Duncan, Bruce B.</creator><creator>Ekholuenetale, Michael</creator><creator>Elhadi, Muhammed</creator><creator>Emamian, Mohammad Hassan</creator><creator>Emamverdi, Mehdi</creator><creator>Farrokhpour, Hossein</creator><creator>Fatehizadeh, Ali</creator><creator>Desideri, Lorenzo Ferro</creator><creator>Gebrehiwot, Mesfin</creator><creator>Ghassemi, Fariba</creator><creator>Gudeta, Mesay Dechasa</creator><creator>Gupta, Sapna</creator><creator>Gupta, Veer Bala</creator><creator>Gupta, Vivek Kumar</creator><creator>Hammond, Billy Randall</creator><creator>Harorani, Mehdi</creator><creator>Hasani, Hamidreza</creator><creator>Heidari, Golnaz</creator><creator>Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi</creator><creator>Huang, John J.</creator><creator>Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful</creator><creator>Javadi, Nilofer</creator><creator>Jimenez-Corona, Aida</creator><creator>Jokar, Mohammad</creator><creator>Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma</creator><creator>Kadashetti, Vidya</creator><creator>Kandel, Himal</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8169-1645</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20240801</creationdate><title>Global estimates on the number of people blind or visually impaired by diabetic retinopathy: a meta-analysis from 2000 to 2020</title><author>Curran, Katie ; Peto, Tunde ; Jonas, Jost B. ; Friedman, David ; Kim, Judy E. ; Leasher, Janet ; Tapply, Ian ; Fernandes, Arthur G. ; Cicinelli, Maria Vittoria ; Arrigo, Alessandro ; Leveziel, Nicolas ; Resnikoff, Serge ; Taylor, Hugh R. ; Sedighi, Tabassom ; Flaxman, Seth ; Bikbov, Mukkharram M. ; Braithwaite, Tasanee ; Bron, Alain ; Cheng, Ching-Yu ; Del Monte, Monte A. ; Ehrlich, Joshua R. ; Furtado, João M. ; Gazzard, Gus ; Hartnett, M. Elizabeth ; Kahloun, Rim ; Kempen, John H. ; Khairallah, Moncef ; Khanna, Rohit C. ; Lansingh, Van Charles ; Naidoo, Kovin S. ; Nangia, Vinay ; Nowak, Michal ; Pesudovs, Konrad ; Ramulu, Pradeep ; Topouzis, Fotis ; Tsilimbaris, Mitiadis ; Wang, Ya Xing ; Wang, Ningli ; Bourne, Rupert R. A. ; Bourne, Rupert ; Leasher, Janet L. ; Friedman, David S. ; Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku ; Ahmadieh, Hamid ; Ahmed, Ayman ; Alfaar, Ahmad Samir ; Almidani, Louay ; Amu, Hubert ; Androudi, Sofia ; Arabloo, Jalal ; Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. ; Asemu, Mulu Tiruneh ; Azzam, Ahmed Y. ; Baghcheghi, Nayereh ; Bailey, Freddie ; Baran, Mehmet Firat ; Bardhan, Mainak ; Bärnighausen, Till Winfried ; Barrow, Amadou ; Bhardwaj, Pankaj ; Bikbov, Mukharram ; Briant, Paul Svitil ; Burkart, Katrin ; Cámera, Luis Alberto ; Coberly, Kaleb ; Dadras, Omid ; Dai, Xiaochen ; Dehghan, Amin ; Demessa, Berecha Hundessa ; Diress, Mengistie ; Do, Thanh Chi ; Do, Thao Huynh Phuong ; Dokova, Klara Georgieva ; Duncan, Bruce B. ; Ekholuenetale, Michael ; Elhadi, Muhammed ; Emamian, Mohammad Hassan ; Emamverdi, Mehdi ; Farrokhpour, Hossein ; Fatehizadeh, Ali ; Desideri, Lorenzo Ferro ; Gebrehiwot, Mesfin ; Ghassemi, Fariba ; Gudeta, Mesay Dechasa ; Gupta, Sapna ; Gupta, Veer Bala ; Gupta, Vivek Kumar ; Hammond, Billy Randall ; Harorani, Mehdi ; Hasani, Hamidreza ; Heidari, Golnaz ; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi ; Huang, John J. ; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful ; Javadi, Nilofer ; Jimenez-Corona, Aida ; Jokar, Mohammad ; Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma ; Kadashetti, Vidya ; Kandel, Himal</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c356t-1349dcd488e2bbbc5ba12711cb2316bf34ac9393e55a5a06f7fa37b143677b533</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>692/308/174</topic><topic>692/699/3161/3175</topic><topic>Acuity</topic><topic>Blindness</topic><topic>Blindness - epidemiology</topic><topic>Blindness - etiology</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Diabetes mellitus</topic><topic>Diabetic retinopathy</topic><topic>Diabetic Retinopathy - epidemiology</topic><topic>Eye diseases</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Global Health</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Laboratory Medicine</topic><topic>Life span</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Ophthalmology</topic><topic>Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology</topic><topic>Population studies</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Regression analysis</topic><topic>Retinopathy</topic><topic>Sex differences</topic><topic>Sex Distribution</topic><topic>Surgery</topic><topic>Surgical Oncology</topic><topic>Vision</topic><topic>Visual Acuity - physiology</topic><topic>Visual impairment</topic><topic>Visually Impaired Persons - statistics & numerical data</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Curran, Katie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peto, Tunde</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jonas, Jost B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Friedman, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Judy E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leasher, Janet</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tapply, Ian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fernandes, Arthur G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cicinelli, Maria Vittoria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arrigo, Alessandro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leveziel, Nicolas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Resnikoff, Serge</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taylor, Hugh R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sedighi, Tabassom</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Flaxman, Seth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bikbov, Mukkharram M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Braithwaite, Tasanee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bron, Alain</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheng, Ching-Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Del Monte, Monte A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ehrlich, Joshua R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Furtado, João M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gazzard, Gus</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hartnett, M. Elizabeth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kahloun, Rim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kempen, John H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khairallah, Moncef</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khanna, Rohit C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lansingh, Van Charles</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Naidoo, Kovin S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nangia, Vinay</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nowak, Michal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pesudovs, Konrad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ramulu, Pradeep</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Topouzis, Fotis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsilimbaris, Mitiadis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Ya Xing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Ningli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bourne, Rupert R. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bourne, Rupert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leasher, Janet L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Friedman, David S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahmadieh, Hamid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahmed, Ayman</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alfaar, Ahmad Samir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Almidani, Louay</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Amu, Hubert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Androudi, Sofia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arabloo, Jalal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aravkin, Aleksandr Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Asemu, Mulu Tiruneh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Azzam, Ahmed Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baghcheghi, Nayereh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bailey, Freddie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baran, Mehmet Firat</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bardhan, Mainak</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bärnighausen, Till Winfried</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barrow, Amadou</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bhardwaj, Pankaj</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bikbov, Mukharram</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Briant, Paul Svitil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burkart, Katrin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cámera, Luis Alberto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coberly, Kaleb</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dadras, Omid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dai, Xiaochen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dehghan, Amin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Demessa, Berecha Hundessa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Diress, Mengistie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Do, Thanh Chi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Do, Thao Huynh Phuong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dokova, Klara Georgieva</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duncan, Bruce B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ekholuenetale, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Elhadi, Muhammed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Emamian, Mohammad Hassan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Emamverdi, Mehdi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Farrokhpour, Hossein</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fatehizadeh, Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Desideri, Lorenzo Ferro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gebrehiwot, Mesfin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ghassemi, Fariba</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gudeta, Mesay Dechasa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gupta, Sapna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gupta, Veer Bala</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gupta, Vivek Kumar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hammond, Billy Randall</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harorani, Mehdi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hasani, Hamidreza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heidari, Golnaz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, John J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Javadi, Nilofer</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jimenez-Corona, Aida</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jokar, Mohammad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kadashetti, Vidya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kandel, Himal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborators</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease Study</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>the GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborators</creatorcontrib><collection>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Eye (London)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Curran, Katie</au><au>Peto, Tunde</au><au>Jonas, Jost B.</au><au>Friedman, David</au><au>Kim, Judy E.</au><au>Leasher, Janet</au><au>Tapply, Ian</au><au>Fernandes, Arthur G.</au><au>Cicinelli, Maria Vittoria</au><au>Arrigo, Alessandro</au><au>Leveziel, Nicolas</au><au>Resnikoff, Serge</au><au>Taylor, Hugh R.</au><au>Sedighi, Tabassom</au><au>Flaxman, Seth</au><au>Bikbov, Mukkharram M.</au><au>Braithwaite, Tasanee</au><au>Bron, Alain</au><au>Cheng, Ching-Yu</au><au>Del Monte, Monte A.</au><au>Ehrlich, Joshua R.</au><au>Furtado, João M.</au><au>Gazzard, Gus</au><au>Hartnett, M. Elizabeth</au><au>Kahloun, Rim</au><au>Kempen, John H.</au><au>Khairallah, Moncef</au><au>Khanna, Rohit C.</au><au>Lansingh, Van Charles</au><au>Naidoo, Kovin S.</au><au>Nangia, Vinay</au><au>Nowak, Michal</au><au>Pesudovs, Konrad</au><au>Ramulu, Pradeep</au><au>Topouzis, Fotis</au><au>Tsilimbaris, Mitiadis</au><au>Wang, Ya Xing</au><au>Wang, Ningli</au><au>Bourne, Rupert R. A.</au><au>Bourne, Rupert</au><au>Leasher, Janet L.</au><au>Friedman, David S.</au><au>Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku</au><au>Ahmadieh, Hamid</au><au>Ahmed, Ayman</au><au>Alfaar, Ahmad Samir</au><au>Almidani, Louay</au><au>Amu, Hubert</au><au>Androudi, Sofia</au><au>Arabloo, Jalal</au><au>Aravkin, Aleksandr Y.</au><au>Asemu, Mulu Tiruneh</au><au>Azzam, Ahmed Y.</au><au>Baghcheghi, Nayereh</au><au>Bailey, Freddie</au><au>Baran, Mehmet Firat</au><au>Bardhan, Mainak</au><au>Bärnighausen, Till Winfried</au><au>Barrow, Amadou</au><au>Bhardwaj, Pankaj</au><au>Bikbov, Mukharram</au><au>Briant, Paul Svitil</au><au>Burkart, Katrin</au><au>Cámera, Luis Alberto</au><au>Coberly, Kaleb</au><au>Dadras, Omid</au><au>Dai, Xiaochen</au><au>Dehghan, Amin</au><au>Demessa, Berecha Hundessa</au><au>Diress, Mengistie</au><au>Do, Thanh Chi</au><au>Do, Thao Huynh Phuong</au><au>Dokova, Klara Georgieva</au><au>Duncan, Bruce B.</au><au>Ekholuenetale, Michael</au><au>Elhadi, Muhammed</au><au>Emamian, Mohammad Hassan</au><au>Emamverdi, Mehdi</au><au>Farrokhpour, Hossein</au><au>Fatehizadeh, Ali</au><au>Desideri, Lorenzo Ferro</au><au>Gebrehiwot, Mesfin</au><au>Ghassemi, Fariba</au><au>Gudeta, Mesay Dechasa</au><au>Gupta, Sapna</au><au>Gupta, Veer Bala</au><au>Gupta, Vivek Kumar</au><au>Hammond, Billy Randall</au><au>Harorani, Mehdi</au><au>Hasani, Hamidreza</au><au>Heidari, Golnaz</au><au>Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi</au><au>Huang, John J.</au><au>Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful</au><au>Javadi, Nilofer</au><au>Jimenez-Corona, Aida</au><au>Jokar, Mohammad</au><au>Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma</au><au>Kadashetti, Vidya</au><au>Kandel, Himal</au><aucorp>GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborators</aucorp><aucorp>Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease Study</aucorp><aucorp>the GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborators</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Global estimates on the number of people blind or visually impaired by diabetic retinopathy: a meta-analysis from 2000 to 2020</atitle><jtitle>Eye (London)</jtitle><stitle>Eye</stitle><addtitle>Eye (Lond)</addtitle><date>2024-08-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>38</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>2047</spage><epage>2057</epage><pages>2047-2057</pages><issn>0950-222X</issn><issn>1476-5454</issn><eissn>1476-5454</eissn><abstract>Objectives
To estimate global and regional trends from 2000 to 2020 of the number of persons visually impaired by diabetic retinopathy and their proportion of the total number of vision-impaired individuals.
Methods
Data from population-based studies on eye diseases between 1980 to 2018 were compiled. Meta-regression models were performed to estimate the prevalence of blindness (presenting visual acuity <3/60) and moderate or severe vision impairment (MSVI; <6/18 to ≥3/60) attributed to DR. The estimates, with 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs], were stratified by age, sex, year, and region.
Results
In 2020, 1.07 million (95% UI: 0.76, 1.51) people were blind due to DR, with nearly 3.28 million (95% UI: 2.41, 4.34) experiencing MSVI. The GBD super-regions with the highest percentage of all DR-related blindness and MSVI were Latin America and the Caribbean (6.95% [95% UI: 5.08, 9.51]) and North Africa and the Middle East (2.12% [95% UI: 1.55, 2.79]), respectively. Between 2000 and 2020, changes in DR-related blindness and MSVI were greater among females than males, predominantly in the super-regions of South Asia (blindness) and Southeast Asia, East Asia, and Oceania (MSVI).
Conclusions
Given the rapid global rise in diabetes and increased life expectancy, DR is anticipated to persist as a significant public health challenge. The findings emphasise the need for gender-specific interventions and region-specific DR healthcare policies to mitigate disparities and prevent avoidable blindness. This study contributes to the expanding body of literature on the burden of DR, highlighting the need for increased global attention and investment in this research area.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>38937557</pmid><doi>10.1038/s41433-024-03101-5</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8169-1645</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0950-222X |
| ispartof | Eye (London), 2024-08, Vol.38 (11), p.2047-2057 |
| issn | 0950-222X 1476-5454 1476-5454 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_11269692 |
| source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | 692/308/174 692/699/3161/3175 Acuity Blindness Blindness - epidemiology Blindness - etiology Diabetes Diabetes mellitus Diabetic retinopathy Diabetic Retinopathy - epidemiology Eye diseases Female Global Health Humans Laboratory Medicine Life span Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Ophthalmology Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology Population studies Prevalence Public health Regression analysis Retinopathy Sex differences Sex Distribution Surgery Surgical Oncology Vision Visual Acuity - physiology Visual impairment Visually Impaired Persons - statistics & numerical data |
| title | Global estimates on the number of people blind or visually impaired by diabetic retinopathy: a meta-analysis from 2000 to 2020 |
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