Heavy metals in biological samples of cancer patients: a systematic literature review

The majority of the so-called heavy metals are suspected to be involved in a number of pathologies and play a role in human carcinogenesis. Some of them (i.e. arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg) and nickel (Ni)) have been defined as carcinogens, increasing the suscepti...

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Veröffentlicht in:Biometals 2024-08, Vol.37 (4), p.803-817
Hauptverfasser: Coradduzza, Donatella, Congiargiu, Antonella, Azara, Emanuela, Mammani, Ismaeil Mohammed Abulkahar, De Miglio, Maria Rosaria, Zinellu, Angelo, Carru, Ciriaco, Medici, Serenella
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container_issue 4
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container_title Biometals
container_volume 37
creator Coradduzza, Donatella
Congiargiu, Antonella
Azara, Emanuela
Mammani, Ismaeil Mohammed Abulkahar
De Miglio, Maria Rosaria
Zinellu, Angelo
Carru, Ciriaco
Medici, Serenella
description The majority of the so-called heavy metals are suspected to be involved in a number of pathologies and play a role in human carcinogenesis. Some of them (i.e. arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg) and nickel (Ni)) have been defined as carcinogens, increasing the susceptibility of tumor development and progression in humans. Moreover, Ni, Cr, Cd, Hg, and Pb together with zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe), may be capable of stimulating the progression of breast cancer and reducing a patient’s sensitivity to treatment through alterations to DNA methylation. In patients with gastric cancers, levels of various heavy metals are augmented and hypothesized to amplify the expression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 gene. Cd may increase the risk of lung cancer development and have a negative impact on the overall survival of lung cancer patients. To investigate the relation between heavy metals in biological samples and risk, occurrence and survival cancer individuals, a comprehensive review work was performed, with a focus on breast, lung, prostate and gastric cancers. An extensive search strategy was devised to ensure relevant literature could be identified, with the PECO framework being adopted to facilitate this and identify key search terms. As evidenced in this review, there is substantial data to support the hypothesis that heavy metals influence tumor development and progression. Unluckily the number of papers dealing with the determination of metals directly in samples from cancer tissues is still rather limited, so we decided to expand the scope of this review also to analyses carried out on other biological samples, as urine, plasma, hair, nail, etc. The studies reviewed showed that several limitations and current knowledge gaps are present in the literature that require further investigation to improve our comprehension of the impact of different heavy metals on tumorigenesis. Graphical abstract
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s10534-024-00583-4
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subjects Arsenic
Biochemistry
Biological properties
Biological samples
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Breast cancer
Cadmium
Carcinogenesis
Carcinogens
Cell Biology
Chromium
DNA methylation
Gene expression
Growth factors
Heavy metals
Iron
Lead
Life Sciences
Literature reviews
Lung cancer
Medicine/Public Health
Mercury
Mercury (metal)
Microbiology
Nickel
Pharmacology/Toxicology
Plant Physiology
Review
Search methods
Survival
Tumorigenesis
Tumors
title Heavy metals in biological samples of cancer patients: a systematic literature review
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