Prevalence and Risk Factors of Pressure Ulcers in Bedbound Diabetic vs. Non-diabetic Patients in a Lower-Middle-Income Country
Introduction Pressure ulcers, also known as bedsores, are a significant concern for bedridden individuals, presenting both physical and socioeconomic challenges. Factors such as prolonged immobility, chronic medical conditions, and poor nutrition contribute to their development. Despite extensive re...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) CA), 2024-06, Vol.16 (6), p.e61861 |
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| creator | Muhammad, Diyan Darain, Khola Farhan, Muhammad Khan, Muhammad Anas Ahmad, Hussain Khan, Muhammad Mohsin Ullah, Zia Ullah, Sibghat Salam, Abdus Ullah, Shakir Khan, Junaid Zarin, Muhammad |
| description | Introduction Pressure ulcers, also known as bedsores, are a significant concern for bedridden individuals, presenting both physical and socioeconomic challenges. Factors such as prolonged immobility, chronic medical conditions, and poor nutrition contribute to their development. Despite extensive research in some regions, studies comparing diabetic and non-diabetic populations remain limited, particularly in low-income settings. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors and frequency of pressure ulcers among bedridden patients, addressing this gap in understanding and guiding targeted interventions. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted across four government hospitals in Peshawar, Pakistan. A total of 388 bedridden patients with pressure ulcers were included, and data were collected through a questionnaire. The questionnaire covered demographics, comorbidities, duration of bedbound status, BMI, and caregivers' awareness of pressure ulcer care. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22.0 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.), with qualitative data presented as frequencies and percentages and quantitative data as mean and standard deviation. Chi-square tests were utilized for significance, with p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.7759/cureus.61861 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_11227621</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>3086678170</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-p263t-4002c61333f91e4ddc3e59ff9108641f43a9fbd2af2c7b381a84781568c8313c3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpdkUtvGyEURlHVKI6c7LKukLrpZhweM8CsqtbNw5LTRFG8HjFwp8UdgwszjrLJby_KS2nEArj36LsHgdAxJTMpq_rEjBHGNBNUCfoBHTAqVKGoKj--OU_QUUprQgglkhFJ9tGEq1pWVVUfoIfrCDvdgzeAtbf4xqU_-EybIcSEQ4dzO6U8BK96A7nkPP4Otg1jZn843cLgDN6lGf4ZfGFfCtd6cOCHR1zjZbiDWFw6a3soFt6EDeB5Thji_SHa63Sf4Oh5n6LV2ent_KJYXp0v5t-WxZYJPhQlIcwIyjnvagqltYZDVXf5QpQoaVdyXXetZbpjRrZcUa1KqWgllFGccsOn6OtT7nZsN2BNlou6b7bRbXS8b4J2zf8d7343v8KuoZQxKRjNCV-eE2L4O0Iamo1LBvpeewhjajiRIi-WHafo8zt0Hcbo8_sypYTIZpJk6tNbpVeXl7_h_wAGHZJI</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>3086678170</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Prevalence and Risk Factors of Pressure Ulcers in Bedbound Diabetic vs. Non-diabetic Patients in a Lower-Middle-Income Country</title><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Muhammad, Diyan ; Darain, Khola ; Farhan, Muhammad ; Khan, Muhammad Anas ; Ahmad, Hussain ; Khan, Muhammad Mohsin ; Ullah, Zia ; Ullah, Sibghat ; Salam, Abdus ; Ullah, Shakir ; Khan, Junaid ; Zarin, Muhammad</creator><creatorcontrib>Muhammad, Diyan ; Darain, Khola ; Farhan, Muhammad ; Khan, Muhammad Anas ; Ahmad, Hussain ; Khan, Muhammad Mohsin ; Ullah, Zia ; Ullah, Sibghat ; Salam, Abdus ; Ullah, Shakir ; Khan, Junaid ; Zarin, Muhammad</creatorcontrib><description>Introduction Pressure ulcers, also known as bedsores, are a significant concern for bedridden individuals, presenting both physical and socioeconomic challenges. Factors such as prolonged immobility, chronic medical conditions, and poor nutrition contribute to their development. Despite extensive research in some regions, studies comparing diabetic and non-diabetic populations remain limited, particularly in low-income settings. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors and frequency of pressure ulcers among bedridden patients, addressing this gap in understanding and guiding targeted interventions. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted across four government hospitals in Peshawar, Pakistan. A total of 388 bedridden patients with pressure ulcers were included, and data were collected through a questionnaire. The questionnaire covered demographics, comorbidities, duration of bedbound status, BMI, and caregivers' awareness of pressure ulcer care. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22.0 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.), with qualitative data presented as frequencies and percentages and quantitative data as mean and standard deviation. Chi-square tests were utilized for significance, with p<0.05 considered significant. Results Of the 388 patients analyzed, 230 (59.3%) were diabetic, highlighting the prevalence of diabetes among pressure ulcer cases. The majority of diabetic patients with ulcers were over 41 years old, and 293 (75.5%) had comorbidities. Surgical intervention was the primary cause of ulcers in 213 (54.8%) cases, followed by stroke in 77 (19.8%) cases. Notably, 252 (65%) of caregivers exhibited inadequate knowledge regarding ulcer care. Stage II ulcers were prevalent in both diabetic and non-diabetic cohorts. Conclusions Pressure ulcers are poorly controlled complications observed in bedridden individuals, highlighting a critical need for comprehensive preventive measures and caregiver education to alleviate the burden of pressure ulcers, especially in diabetic patients. Factors such as prolonged immobility, surgical interventions, and insufficient caregiver knowledge contribute to the development of pressure ulcers. Understanding these complexities is essential for implementing effective care approaches and mitigating the impact of pressure ulcers.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2168-8184</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2168-8184</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61861</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38975559</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Cureus Inc</publisher><subject>Body mass index ; Caregivers ; Consent ; Data collection ; Diabetes ; Education ; Females ; Gender ; General Surgery ; Ischemia ; Knowledge ; Nutrition ; Paralysis ; Patients ; Pressure ulcers ; Preventive Medicine ; Public Health ; Questionnaires ; Risk factors ; Rural areas ; Sample size ; Skin ; Teaching hospitals</subject><ispartof>Curēus (Palo Alto, CA), 2024-06, Vol.16 (6), p.e61861</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2024, Muhammad et al.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2024, Muhammad et al. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2024, Muhammad et al. 2024 Muhammad et al.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11227621/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11227621/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38975559$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Muhammad, Diyan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Darain, Khola</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Farhan, Muhammad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khan, Muhammad Anas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahmad, Hussain</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khan, Muhammad Mohsin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ullah, Zia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ullah, Sibghat</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salam, Abdus</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ullah, Shakir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khan, Junaid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zarin, Muhammad</creatorcontrib><title>Prevalence and Risk Factors of Pressure Ulcers in Bedbound Diabetic vs. Non-diabetic Patients in a Lower-Middle-Income Country</title><title>Curēus (Palo Alto, CA)</title><addtitle>Cureus</addtitle><description>Introduction Pressure ulcers, also known as bedsores, are a significant concern for bedridden individuals, presenting both physical and socioeconomic challenges. Factors such as prolonged immobility, chronic medical conditions, and poor nutrition contribute to their development. Despite extensive research in some regions, studies comparing diabetic and non-diabetic populations remain limited, particularly in low-income settings. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors and frequency of pressure ulcers among bedridden patients, addressing this gap in understanding and guiding targeted interventions. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted across four government hospitals in Peshawar, Pakistan. A total of 388 bedridden patients with pressure ulcers were included, and data were collected through a questionnaire. The questionnaire covered demographics, comorbidities, duration of bedbound status, BMI, and caregivers' awareness of pressure ulcer care. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22.0 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.), with qualitative data presented as frequencies and percentages and quantitative data as mean and standard deviation. Chi-square tests were utilized for significance, with p<0.05 considered significant. Results Of the 388 patients analyzed, 230 (59.3%) were diabetic, highlighting the prevalence of diabetes among pressure ulcer cases. The majority of diabetic patients with ulcers were over 41 years old, and 293 (75.5%) had comorbidities. Surgical intervention was the primary cause of ulcers in 213 (54.8%) cases, followed by stroke in 77 (19.8%) cases. Notably, 252 (65%) of caregivers exhibited inadequate knowledge regarding ulcer care. Stage II ulcers were prevalent in both diabetic and non-diabetic cohorts. Conclusions Pressure ulcers are poorly controlled complications observed in bedridden individuals, highlighting a critical need for comprehensive preventive measures and caregiver education to alleviate the burden of pressure ulcers, especially in diabetic patients. Factors such as prolonged immobility, surgical interventions, and insufficient caregiver knowledge contribute to the development of pressure ulcers. Understanding these complexities is essential for implementing effective care approaches and mitigating the impact of pressure ulcers.</description><subject>Body mass index</subject><subject>Caregivers</subject><subject>Consent</subject><subject>Data collection</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Education</subject><subject>Females</subject><subject>Gender</subject><subject>General Surgery</subject><subject>Ischemia</subject><subject>Knowledge</subject><subject>Nutrition</subject><subject>Paralysis</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Pressure ulcers</subject><subject>Preventive Medicine</subject><subject>Public Health</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Rural areas</subject><subject>Sample size</subject><subject>Skin</subject><subject>Teaching hospitals</subject><issn>2168-8184</issn><issn>2168-8184</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkUtvGyEURlHVKI6c7LKukLrpZhweM8CsqtbNw5LTRFG8HjFwp8UdgwszjrLJby_KS2nEArj36LsHgdAxJTMpq_rEjBHGNBNUCfoBHTAqVKGoKj--OU_QUUprQgglkhFJ9tGEq1pWVVUfoIfrCDvdgzeAtbf4xqU_-EybIcSEQ4dzO6U8BK96A7nkPP4Otg1jZn843cLgDN6lGf4ZfGFfCtd6cOCHR1zjZbiDWFw6a3soFt6EDeB5Thji_SHa63Sf4Oh5n6LV2ent_KJYXp0v5t-WxZYJPhQlIcwIyjnvagqltYZDVXf5QpQoaVdyXXetZbpjRrZcUa1KqWgllFGccsOn6OtT7nZsN2BNlou6b7bRbXS8b4J2zf8d7343v8KuoZQxKRjNCV-eE2L4O0Iamo1LBvpeewhjajiRIi-WHafo8zt0Hcbo8_sypYTIZpJk6tNbpVeXl7_h_wAGHZJI</recordid><startdate>20240606</startdate><enddate>20240606</enddate><creator>Muhammad, Diyan</creator><creator>Darain, Khola</creator><creator>Farhan, Muhammad</creator><creator>Khan, Muhammad Anas</creator><creator>Ahmad, Hussain</creator><creator>Khan, Muhammad Mohsin</creator><creator>Ullah, Zia</creator><creator>Ullah, Sibghat</creator><creator>Salam, Abdus</creator><creator>Ullah, Shakir</creator><creator>Khan, Junaid</creator><creator>Zarin, Muhammad</creator><general>Cureus Inc</general><general>Cureus</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20240606</creationdate><title>Prevalence and Risk Factors of Pressure Ulcers in Bedbound Diabetic vs. Non-diabetic Patients in a Lower-Middle-Income Country</title><author>Muhammad, Diyan ; Darain, Khola ; Farhan, Muhammad ; Khan, Muhammad Anas ; Ahmad, Hussain ; Khan, Muhammad Mohsin ; Ullah, Zia ; Ullah, Sibghat ; Salam, Abdus ; Ullah, Shakir ; Khan, Junaid ; Zarin, Muhammad</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-p263t-4002c61333f91e4ddc3e59ff9108641f43a9fbd2af2c7b381a84781568c8313c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Body mass index</topic><topic>Caregivers</topic><topic>Consent</topic><topic>Data collection</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Education</topic><topic>Females</topic><topic>Gender</topic><topic>General Surgery</topic><topic>Ischemia</topic><topic>Knowledge</topic><topic>Nutrition</topic><topic>Paralysis</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Pressure ulcers</topic><topic>Preventive Medicine</topic><topic>Public Health</topic><topic>Questionnaires</topic><topic>Risk factors</topic><topic>Rural areas</topic><topic>Sample size</topic><topic>Skin</topic><topic>Teaching hospitals</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Muhammad, Diyan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Darain, Khola</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Farhan, Muhammad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khan, Muhammad Anas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahmad, Hussain</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khan, Muhammad Mohsin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ullah, Zia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ullah, Sibghat</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salam, Abdus</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ullah, Shakir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khan, Junaid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zarin, Muhammad</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Curēus (Palo Alto, CA)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Muhammad, Diyan</au><au>Darain, Khola</au><au>Farhan, Muhammad</au><au>Khan, Muhammad Anas</au><au>Ahmad, Hussain</au><au>Khan, Muhammad Mohsin</au><au>Ullah, Zia</au><au>Ullah, Sibghat</au><au>Salam, Abdus</au><au>Ullah, Shakir</au><au>Khan, Junaid</au><au>Zarin, Muhammad</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Prevalence and Risk Factors of Pressure Ulcers in Bedbound Diabetic vs. Non-diabetic Patients in a Lower-Middle-Income Country</atitle><jtitle>Curēus (Palo Alto, CA)</jtitle><addtitle>Cureus</addtitle><date>2024-06-06</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>e61861</spage><pages>e61861-</pages><issn>2168-8184</issn><eissn>2168-8184</eissn><abstract>Introduction Pressure ulcers, also known as bedsores, are a significant concern for bedridden individuals, presenting both physical and socioeconomic challenges. Factors such as prolonged immobility, chronic medical conditions, and poor nutrition contribute to their development. Despite extensive research in some regions, studies comparing diabetic and non-diabetic populations remain limited, particularly in low-income settings. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors and frequency of pressure ulcers among bedridden patients, addressing this gap in understanding and guiding targeted interventions. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted across four government hospitals in Peshawar, Pakistan. A total of 388 bedridden patients with pressure ulcers were included, and data were collected through a questionnaire. The questionnaire covered demographics, comorbidities, duration of bedbound status, BMI, and caregivers' awareness of pressure ulcer care. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22.0 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.), with qualitative data presented as frequencies and percentages and quantitative data as mean and standard deviation. Chi-square tests were utilized for significance, with p<0.05 considered significant. Results Of the 388 patients analyzed, 230 (59.3%) were diabetic, highlighting the prevalence of diabetes among pressure ulcer cases. The majority of diabetic patients with ulcers were over 41 years old, and 293 (75.5%) had comorbidities. Surgical intervention was the primary cause of ulcers in 213 (54.8%) cases, followed by stroke in 77 (19.8%) cases. Notably, 252 (65%) of caregivers exhibited inadequate knowledge regarding ulcer care. Stage II ulcers were prevalent in both diabetic and non-diabetic cohorts. Conclusions Pressure ulcers are poorly controlled complications observed in bedridden individuals, highlighting a critical need for comprehensive preventive measures and caregiver education to alleviate the burden of pressure ulcers, especially in diabetic patients. Factors such as prolonged immobility, surgical interventions, and insufficient caregiver knowledge contribute to the development of pressure ulcers. Understanding these complexities is essential for implementing effective care approaches and mitigating the impact of pressure ulcers.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Cureus Inc</pub><pmid>38975559</pmid><doi>10.7759/cureus.61861</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Body mass index Caregivers Consent Data collection Diabetes Education Females Gender General Surgery Ischemia Knowledge Nutrition Paralysis Patients Pressure ulcers Preventive Medicine Public Health Questionnaires Risk factors Rural areas Sample size Skin Teaching hospitals |
| title | Prevalence and Risk Factors of Pressure Ulcers in Bedbound Diabetic vs. Non-diabetic Patients in a Lower-Middle-Income Country |
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