Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with metastatic breast cancer and leptomeningeal disease: a single center retrospective cohort study
Purpose Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) is a devastating complication of metastatic breast cancer (MBC). It is critical to better understand the risk factors, natural history, and treatment outcomes, including patients in a modern cohort. Methods In this single center retrospective cohort study, we ide...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Breast cancer research and treatment 2024-08, Vol.206 (3), p.625-636 |
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| creator | Huppert, Laura A. Fisch, Samantha Tsopurashvili, Elene Somepalle, Sai Sahitha Salans, Mia Vasudevan, Harish N. Jo Chien, A. Majure, Melanie Rugo, Hope S. Balassanian, Ronald Boreta, Lauren Melisko, Michelle E. |
| description | Purpose
Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) is a devastating complication of metastatic breast cancer (MBC). It is critical to better understand the risk factors, natural history, and treatment outcomes, including patients in a modern cohort.
Methods
In this single center retrospective cohort study, we identified patients with MBC and LMD who received care from 2000 to 2024 and abstracted key clinical, treatment, and survival data.
Results
We identified 111 patients with MBC and LMD, including patients with the following subtypes: HR+/HER2− (
n
= 53, 47.7%), HER2+ (
n
= 30, 27.0%), and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC;
n
= 28, 25.2%). Median time from the diagnosis of MBC to LMD was 16.4 months (range 0–101.3 months). After the diagnosis of LMD, most patients received systemic therapy (
n
= 66, 59.5%) and/or central nervous system (CNS)-directed therapy (
n
= 94, 84.7%) including intrathecal therapy (
n
= 42, 37.8%) and/or CNS-directed radiation therapy (
n
= 70, 63.1%). In all patients, median overall survival (OS) from the diagnosis of LMD to death was 4.1 months (range 0.1–78.1 months) and varied by subtype, with HR+/HER2− or HER2+ MBC patients living longer than those with TNBC (4.2 and 6.8 months respectively vs. 2.0 months,
p
|
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10549-024-07339-1 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_11208257</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>3070795518</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c426t-df5ed5811ceccfc93c7668175fc2aa732d83b16e751f62b097e30224c9620653</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kU1v1DAQhi0EotuFP8ABWeLCJeCPxE64IFQoIFXi0rvlnUw2rhI72E6r_hT-Ld5uKR8HfLE188zrmXkJecHZG86Yfps4a-quYqKumJayq_gjsuGNlpUWXD8mG8aVrlTL1Ak5TemKMdZp1j0lJ7ItR3dqQ358xDnso11GB9T6nsLkvAM7URhttJAxupQdJBoGutjs0OdEb1we6YzZplxCQHcRy5OC9YDxTmbCJYcZvfN7LGK9S4XAd9TSVEITUihChY2YY0gLQnbXJRjGEDNNee1vn5Eng50SPr-_t-Ty_NPl2Zfq4tvnr2cfLiqohcpVPzTYNy3ngAADdBK0Ui3XzQDCWi1F38odV6gbPiixKxtAyYSooVOCqUZuyfuj7LLuZuwPbUU7mSW62cZbE6wzf2e8G80-XBvOBWtF2faWvL5XiOH7iimb2SXAabIew5qMZJrprml4W9BX_6BXYY2-jHegRC15qw-UOFJQVpMiDg_dcGYOzpuj86Y4b-6cN7wUvfxzjoeSX1YXQB6BVFLFlfj77__I_gS0wL3q</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>3072431878</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with metastatic breast cancer and leptomeningeal disease: a single center retrospective cohort study</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Huppert, Laura A. ; Fisch, Samantha ; Tsopurashvili, Elene ; Somepalle, Sai Sahitha ; Salans, Mia ; Vasudevan, Harish N. ; Jo Chien, A. ; Majure, Melanie ; Rugo, Hope S. ; Balassanian, Ronald ; Boreta, Lauren ; Melisko, Michelle E.</creator><creatorcontrib>Huppert, Laura A. ; Fisch, Samantha ; Tsopurashvili, Elene ; Somepalle, Sai Sahitha ; Salans, Mia ; Vasudevan, Harish N. ; Jo Chien, A. ; Majure, Melanie ; Rugo, Hope S. ; Balassanian, Ronald ; Boreta, Lauren ; Melisko, Michelle E.</creatorcontrib><description>Purpose
Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) is a devastating complication of metastatic breast cancer (MBC). It is critical to better understand the risk factors, natural history, and treatment outcomes, including patients in a modern cohort.
Methods
In this single center retrospective cohort study, we identified patients with MBC and LMD who received care from 2000 to 2024 and abstracted key clinical, treatment, and survival data.
Results
We identified 111 patients with MBC and LMD, including patients with the following subtypes: HR+/HER2− (
n
= 53, 47.7%), HER2+ (
n
= 30, 27.0%), and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC;
n
= 28, 25.2%). Median time from the diagnosis of MBC to LMD was 16.4 months (range 0–101.3 months). After the diagnosis of LMD, most patients received systemic therapy (
n
= 66, 59.5%) and/or central nervous system (CNS)-directed therapy (
n
= 94, 84.7%) including intrathecal therapy (
n
= 42, 37.8%) and/or CNS-directed radiation therapy (
n
= 70, 63.1%). In all patients, median overall survival (OS) from the diagnosis of LMD to death was 4.1 months (range 0.1–78.1 months) and varied by subtype, with HR+/HER2− or HER2+ MBC patients living longer than those with TNBC (4.2 and 6.8 months respectively vs. 2.0 months,
p
< 0.01, HR 2.15, 95% CI 1.36–3.39). Patients who received CNS-directed therapy lived longer than those who did not (4.2 vs. 1.3,
p
= 0.02 HR 0.54, 0.32–0.91). Patients diagnosed with LMD from 2015 to 2024 lived longer than those diagnosed from 2000 to 2014 (6.4 vs. 2.9 months,
p
= 0.04, HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.46–0.99). On multivariable analysis, having TNBC was associated with shorter OS from time of LMD to death (
p
= 0.004, HR 2.03, 95% CI 1.25–3.30).
Conclusion
This is one of the largest case series of patients with MBC and LMD. Patients diagnosed with LMD from 2015 to 2024 lived longer than those diagnosed from 2000 to 2014, although median OS was short overall. Patients with TNBC and LMD had particularly short OS. Novel therapeutic strategies for LMD remain an area of unmet clinical need.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0167-6806</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1573-7217</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-7217</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10549-024-07339-1</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38888796</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Breast cancer ; Breast Neoplasms - mortality ; Breast Neoplasms - pathology ; Breast Neoplasms - therapy ; Cancer therapies ; Central nervous system ; Cohort analysis ; Diagnosis ; ErbB-2 protein ; Female ; Humans ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Meningeal Carcinomatosis - mortality ; Meningeal Carcinomatosis - secondary ; Meningeal Carcinomatosis - therapy ; Meningeal Neoplasms - mortality ; Meningeal Neoplasms - secondary ; Meningeal Neoplasms - therapy ; Meninges ; Metastases ; Metastasis ; Middle Aged ; Oncology ; Patients ; Prognosis ; Radiation therapy ; Receptor, ErbB-2 - metabolism ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk factors ; Survival</subject><ispartof>Breast cancer research and treatment, 2024-08, Vol.206 (3), p.625-636</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2024</rights><rights>2024. The Author(s).</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2024. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c426t-df5ed5811ceccfc93c7668175fc2aa732d83b16e751f62b097e30224c9620653</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-8512-5608</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10549-024-07339-1$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10549-024-07339-1$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38888796$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Huppert, Laura A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fisch, Samantha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsopurashvili, Elene</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Somepalle, Sai Sahitha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salans, Mia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vasudevan, Harish N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jo Chien, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Majure, Melanie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rugo, Hope S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Balassanian, Ronald</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boreta, Lauren</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Melisko, Michelle E.</creatorcontrib><title>Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with metastatic breast cancer and leptomeningeal disease: a single center retrospective cohort study</title><title>Breast cancer research and treatment</title><addtitle>Breast Cancer Res Treat</addtitle><addtitle>Breast Cancer Res Treat</addtitle><description>Purpose
Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) is a devastating complication of metastatic breast cancer (MBC). It is critical to better understand the risk factors, natural history, and treatment outcomes, including patients in a modern cohort.
Methods
In this single center retrospective cohort study, we identified patients with MBC and LMD who received care from 2000 to 2024 and abstracted key clinical, treatment, and survival data.
Results
We identified 111 patients with MBC and LMD, including patients with the following subtypes: HR+/HER2− (
n
= 53, 47.7%), HER2+ (
n
= 30, 27.0%), and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC;
n
= 28, 25.2%). Median time from the diagnosis of MBC to LMD was 16.4 months (range 0–101.3 months). After the diagnosis of LMD, most patients received systemic therapy (
n
= 66, 59.5%) and/or central nervous system (CNS)-directed therapy (
n
= 94, 84.7%) including intrathecal therapy (
n
= 42, 37.8%) and/or CNS-directed radiation therapy (
n
= 70, 63.1%). In all patients, median overall survival (OS) from the diagnosis of LMD to death was 4.1 months (range 0.1–78.1 months) and varied by subtype, with HR+/HER2− or HER2+ MBC patients living longer than those with TNBC (4.2 and 6.8 months respectively vs. 2.0 months,
p
< 0.01, HR 2.15, 95% CI 1.36–3.39). Patients who received CNS-directed therapy lived longer than those who did not (4.2 vs. 1.3,
p
= 0.02 HR 0.54, 0.32–0.91). Patients diagnosed with LMD from 2015 to 2024 lived longer than those diagnosed from 2000 to 2014 (6.4 vs. 2.9 months,
p
= 0.04, HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.46–0.99). On multivariable analysis, having TNBC was associated with shorter OS from time of LMD to death (
p
= 0.004, HR 2.03, 95% CI 1.25–3.30).
Conclusion
This is one of the largest case series of patients with MBC and LMD. Patients diagnosed with LMD from 2015 to 2024 lived longer than those diagnosed from 2000 to 2014, although median OS was short overall. Patients with TNBC and LMD had particularly short OS. Novel therapeutic strategies for LMD remain an area of unmet clinical need.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Breast cancer</subject><subject>Breast Neoplasms - mortality</subject><subject>Breast Neoplasms - pathology</subject><subject>Breast Neoplasms - therapy</subject><subject>Cancer therapies</subject><subject>Central nervous system</subject><subject>Cohort analysis</subject><subject>Diagnosis</subject><subject>ErbB-2 protein</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Meningeal Carcinomatosis - mortality</subject><subject>Meningeal Carcinomatosis - secondary</subject><subject>Meningeal Carcinomatosis - therapy</subject><subject>Meningeal Neoplasms - mortality</subject><subject>Meningeal Neoplasms - secondary</subject><subject>Meningeal Neoplasms - therapy</subject><subject>Meninges</subject><subject>Metastases</subject><subject>Metastasis</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Oncology</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Prognosis</subject><subject>Radiation therapy</subject><subject>Receptor, ErbB-2 - metabolism</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Survival</subject><issn>0167-6806</issn><issn>1573-7217</issn><issn>1573-7217</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU1v1DAQhi0EotuFP8ABWeLCJeCPxE64IFQoIFXi0rvlnUw2rhI72E6r_hT-Ld5uKR8HfLE188zrmXkJecHZG86Yfps4a-quYqKumJayq_gjsuGNlpUWXD8mG8aVrlTL1Ak5TemKMdZp1j0lJ7ItR3dqQ358xDnso11GB9T6nsLkvAM7URhttJAxupQdJBoGutjs0OdEb1we6YzZplxCQHcRy5OC9YDxTmbCJYcZvfN7LGK9S4XAd9TSVEITUihChY2YY0gLQnbXJRjGEDNNee1vn5Eng50SPr-_t-Ty_NPl2Zfq4tvnr2cfLiqohcpVPzTYNy3ngAADdBK0Ui3XzQDCWi1F38odV6gbPiixKxtAyYSooVOCqUZuyfuj7LLuZuwPbUU7mSW62cZbE6wzf2e8G80-XBvOBWtF2faWvL5XiOH7iimb2SXAabIew5qMZJrprml4W9BX_6BXYY2-jHegRC15qw-UOFJQVpMiDg_dcGYOzpuj86Y4b-6cN7wUvfxzjoeSX1YXQB6BVFLFlfj77__I_gS0wL3q</recordid><startdate>20240801</startdate><enddate>20240801</enddate><creator>Huppert, Laura A.</creator><creator>Fisch, Samantha</creator><creator>Tsopurashvili, Elene</creator><creator>Somepalle, Sai Sahitha</creator><creator>Salans, Mia</creator><creator>Vasudevan, Harish N.</creator><creator>Jo Chien, A.</creator><creator>Majure, Melanie</creator><creator>Rugo, Hope S.</creator><creator>Balassanian, Ronald</creator><creator>Boreta, Lauren</creator><creator>Melisko, Michelle E.</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8512-5608</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20240801</creationdate><title>Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with metastatic breast cancer and leptomeningeal disease: a single center retrospective cohort study</title><author>Huppert, Laura A. ; Fisch, Samantha ; Tsopurashvili, Elene ; Somepalle, Sai Sahitha ; Salans, Mia ; Vasudevan, Harish N. ; Jo Chien, A. ; Majure, Melanie ; Rugo, Hope S. ; Balassanian, Ronald ; Boreta, Lauren ; Melisko, Michelle E.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c426t-df5ed5811ceccfc93c7668175fc2aa732d83b16e751f62b097e30224c9620653</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Breast cancer</topic><topic>Breast Neoplasms - mortality</topic><topic>Breast Neoplasms - pathology</topic><topic>Breast Neoplasms - therapy</topic><topic>Cancer therapies</topic><topic>Central nervous system</topic><topic>Cohort analysis</topic><topic>Diagnosis</topic><topic>ErbB-2 protein</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Meningeal Carcinomatosis - mortality</topic><topic>Meningeal Carcinomatosis - secondary</topic><topic>Meningeal Carcinomatosis - therapy</topic><topic>Meningeal Neoplasms - mortality</topic><topic>Meningeal Neoplasms - secondary</topic><topic>Meningeal Neoplasms - therapy</topic><topic>Meninges</topic><topic>Metastases</topic><topic>Metastasis</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Oncology</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Prognosis</topic><topic>Radiation therapy</topic><topic>Receptor, ErbB-2 - metabolism</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Risk factors</topic><topic>Survival</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Huppert, Laura A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fisch, Samantha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsopurashvili, Elene</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Somepalle, Sai Sahitha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salans, Mia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vasudevan, Harish N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jo Chien, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Majure, Melanie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rugo, Hope S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Balassanian, Ronald</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boreta, Lauren</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Melisko, Michelle E.</creatorcontrib><collection>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Breast cancer research and treatment</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Huppert, Laura A.</au><au>Fisch, Samantha</au><au>Tsopurashvili, Elene</au><au>Somepalle, Sai Sahitha</au><au>Salans, Mia</au><au>Vasudevan, Harish N.</au><au>Jo Chien, A.</au><au>Majure, Melanie</au><au>Rugo, Hope S.</au><au>Balassanian, Ronald</au><au>Boreta, Lauren</au><au>Melisko, Michelle E.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with metastatic breast cancer and leptomeningeal disease: a single center retrospective cohort study</atitle><jtitle>Breast cancer research and treatment</jtitle><stitle>Breast Cancer Res Treat</stitle><addtitle>Breast Cancer Res Treat</addtitle><date>2024-08-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>206</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>625</spage><epage>636</epage><pages>625-636</pages><issn>0167-6806</issn><issn>1573-7217</issn><eissn>1573-7217</eissn><abstract>Purpose
Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) is a devastating complication of metastatic breast cancer (MBC). It is critical to better understand the risk factors, natural history, and treatment outcomes, including patients in a modern cohort.
Methods
In this single center retrospective cohort study, we identified patients with MBC and LMD who received care from 2000 to 2024 and abstracted key clinical, treatment, and survival data.
Results
We identified 111 patients with MBC and LMD, including patients with the following subtypes: HR+/HER2− (
n
= 53, 47.7%), HER2+ (
n
= 30, 27.0%), and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC;
n
= 28, 25.2%). Median time from the diagnosis of MBC to LMD was 16.4 months (range 0–101.3 months). After the diagnosis of LMD, most patients received systemic therapy (
n
= 66, 59.5%) and/or central nervous system (CNS)-directed therapy (
n
= 94, 84.7%) including intrathecal therapy (
n
= 42, 37.8%) and/or CNS-directed radiation therapy (
n
= 70, 63.1%). In all patients, median overall survival (OS) from the diagnosis of LMD to death was 4.1 months (range 0.1–78.1 months) and varied by subtype, with HR+/HER2− or HER2+ MBC patients living longer than those with TNBC (4.2 and 6.8 months respectively vs. 2.0 months,
p
< 0.01, HR 2.15, 95% CI 1.36–3.39). Patients who received CNS-directed therapy lived longer than those who did not (4.2 vs. 1.3,
p
= 0.02 HR 0.54, 0.32–0.91). Patients diagnosed with LMD from 2015 to 2024 lived longer than those diagnosed from 2000 to 2014 (6.4 vs. 2.9 months,
p
= 0.04, HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.46–0.99). On multivariable analysis, having TNBC was associated with shorter OS from time of LMD to death (
p
= 0.004, HR 2.03, 95% CI 1.25–3.30).
Conclusion
This is one of the largest case series of patients with MBC and LMD. Patients diagnosed with LMD from 2015 to 2024 lived longer than those diagnosed from 2000 to 2014, although median OS was short overall. Patients with TNBC and LMD had particularly short OS. Novel therapeutic strategies for LMD remain an area of unmet clinical need.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><pmid>38888796</pmid><doi>10.1007/s10549-024-07339-1</doi><tpages>12</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8512-5608</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Breast cancer research and treatment, 2024-08, Vol.206 (3), p.625-636 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Breast cancer Breast Neoplasms - mortality Breast Neoplasms - pathology Breast Neoplasms - therapy Cancer therapies Central nervous system Cohort analysis Diagnosis ErbB-2 protein Female Humans Medicine Medicine & Public Health Meningeal Carcinomatosis - mortality Meningeal Carcinomatosis - secondary Meningeal Carcinomatosis - therapy Meningeal Neoplasms - mortality Meningeal Neoplasms - secondary Meningeal Neoplasms - therapy Meninges Metastases Metastasis Middle Aged Oncology Patients Prognosis Radiation therapy Receptor, ErbB-2 - metabolism Retrospective Studies Risk factors Survival |
| title | Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with metastatic breast cancer and leptomeningeal disease: a single center retrospective cohort study |
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