Nanoplastics Detected in Commercial Sea Salt
People of all ages consume salt every day, but is it really just salt? Plastic nanoparticles [nanoplastics (NPs)] pose an increasing environmental threat and have begun to contaminate everyday salt in consumer goods. Herein, we developed a combined surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and stimul...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science & technology 2024-05, Vol.58 (21), p.9091-9101 |
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| creator | Ruan, Xuejun Ao, Jianpeng Ma, Minglu Jones, Robin R. Liu, Juan Li, Kejian Ge, Qiuyue Xu, Guanjun Liu, Yangyang Wang, Tao Xie, Lifang Wang, Wei You, Wenbo Wang, Licheng Valev, Ventsislav K. Ji, Minbiao Zhang, Liwu |
| description | People of all ages consume salt every day, but is it really just salt? Plastic nanoparticles [nanoplastics (NPs)] pose an increasing environmental threat and have begun to contaminate everyday salt in consumer goods. Herein, we developed a combined surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) approach that can realize the filtration, enrichment, and detection of NPs in commercial salt. The Au-loaded (50 nm) anodic alumina oxide substrate was used as the SERS substrate to explore the potential types of NP contaminants in salts. SRS was used to conduct imaging and quantify the presence of the NPs. SRS detection was successfully established through standard plastics, and NPs were identified through the match of the hydrocarbon group of the nanoparticles. Simultaneously, the NPs were quantified based on the high spatial resolution and rapid imaging of the SRS imaging platform. NPs in sea salts produced in Asia, Australasia, Europe, and the Atlantic were studied. We estimate that, depending on the location, an average person could be ingesting as many as 6 million NPs per year through the consumption of sea salt alone. The potential health hazards associated with NP ingestion should not be underestimated. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1021/acs.est.3c11021 |
| format | Article |
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Plastic nanoparticles [nanoplastics (NPs)] pose an increasing environmental threat and have begun to contaminate everyday salt in consumer goods. Herein, we developed a combined surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) approach that can realize the filtration, enrichment, and detection of NPs in commercial salt. The Au-loaded (50 nm) anodic alumina oxide substrate was used as the SERS substrate to explore the potential types of NP contaminants in salts. SRS was used to conduct imaging and quantify the presence of the NPs. SRS detection was successfully established through standard plastics, and NPs were identified through the match of the hydrocarbon group of the nanoparticles. Simultaneously, the NPs were quantified based on the high spatial resolution and rapid imaging of the SRS imaging platform. NPs in sea salts produced in Asia, Australasia, Europe, and the Atlantic were studied. We estimate that, depending on the location, an average person could be ingesting as many as 6 million NPs per year through the consumption of sea salt alone. The potential health hazards associated with NP ingestion should not be underestimated.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0013-936X</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1520-5851</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-5851</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c11021</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38709279</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Chemical Society</publisher><subject>Aluminum oxide ; Contaminants ; Ecotoxicology and Public Health ; Environmental impact ; Health hazards ; Imaging ; Ingestion ; Nanoparticles ; Plastic pollution ; Plastics ; Raman spectra ; Salts ; Sodium Chloride - chemistry ; Spatial discrimination ; Spatial resolution ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman ; Substrates</subject><ispartof>Environmental science & technology, 2024-05, Vol.58 (21), p.9091-9101</ispartof><rights>2024 American Chemical Society</rights><rights>Copyright American Chemical Society May 28, 2024</rights><rights>2024 American Chemical Society 2024 American Chemical Society</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a412t-b5c970f8ea7be1af3961148b7e718ed408b267b405d8db2544a4f4341003663b3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-0765-8660 ; 0000-0003-0438-3443 ; 0000-0002-7290-3255 ; 0000-0001-9137-5243</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.3c11021$$EPDF$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.3c11021$$EHTML$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,2765,27076,27924,27925,56738,56788</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38709279$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ruan, Xuejun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ao, Jianpeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ma, Minglu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jones, Robin R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Juan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Kejian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ge, Qiuyue</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Guanjun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Yangyang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Tao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xie, Lifang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>You, Wenbo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Licheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Valev, Ventsislav K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ji, Minbiao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Liwu</creatorcontrib><title>Nanoplastics Detected in Commercial Sea Salt</title><title>Environmental science & technology</title><addtitle>Environ. Sci. Technol</addtitle><description>People of all ages consume salt every day, but is it really just salt? Plastic nanoparticles [nanoplastics (NPs)] pose an increasing environmental threat and have begun to contaminate everyday salt in consumer goods. Herein, we developed a combined surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) approach that can realize the filtration, enrichment, and detection of NPs in commercial salt. The Au-loaded (50 nm) anodic alumina oxide substrate was used as the SERS substrate to explore the potential types of NP contaminants in salts. SRS was used to conduct imaging and quantify the presence of the NPs. SRS detection was successfully established through standard plastics, and NPs were identified through the match of the hydrocarbon group of the nanoparticles. Simultaneously, the NPs were quantified based on the high spatial resolution and rapid imaging of the SRS imaging platform. NPs in sea salts produced in Asia, Australasia, Europe, and the Atlantic were studied. We estimate that, depending on the location, an average person could be ingesting as many as 6 million NPs per year through the consumption of sea salt alone. The potential health hazards associated with NP ingestion should not be underestimated.</description><subject>Aluminum oxide</subject><subject>Contaminants</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology and Public Health</subject><subject>Environmental impact</subject><subject>Health hazards</subject><subject>Imaging</subject><subject>Ingestion</subject><subject>Nanoparticles</subject><subject>Plastic pollution</subject><subject>Plastics</subject><subject>Raman spectra</subject><subject>Salts</subject><subject>Sodium Chloride - chemistry</subject><subject>Spatial discrimination</subject><subject>Spatial resolution</subject><subject>Spectrum Analysis, Raman</subject><subject>Substrates</subject><issn>0013-936X</issn><issn>1520-5851</issn><issn>1520-5851</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kc1LxDAQxYMo7rp69iYFL4J2d6ZJ0-Qksn7CoodV8BbSNNVKP9amFfzvzbLrooKnMOT33sy8IeQQYYwQ4UQbN7auG1ODy3qLDDGOIIxFjNtkCIA0lJQ_D8iec28AEFEQu2RARQIySuSQnN3rulmU2nWFccGl7azpbBYUdTBtqsq2ptBlMLc6mOuy2yc7uS6dPVi_I_J0ffU4vQ1nDzd304tZqBlGXZjGRiaQC6uT1KLOqeSITKSJTVDYjIFII56kDOJMZGkUM6ZZzihDAMo5TemInK98F31a2czYumt1qRZtUen2UzW6UL9_6uJVvTQfChElB5Te4WTt0DbvvU9IVYUztix1bZveKQoxsohTCR49_oO-NX1b-_08xWkiORXCU5MVZdrGudbmm2kQ1DJ65U-hlur1Kbzi6OcSG_47ew-croClctPzP7svFXySfQ</recordid><startdate>20240528</startdate><enddate>20240528</enddate><creator>Ruan, Xuejun</creator><creator>Ao, Jianpeng</creator><creator>Ma, Minglu</creator><creator>Jones, Robin R.</creator><creator>Liu, Juan</creator><creator>Li, Kejian</creator><creator>Ge, Qiuyue</creator><creator>Xu, Guanjun</creator><creator>Liu, Yangyang</creator><creator>Wang, Tao</creator><creator>Xie, Lifang</creator><creator>Wang, Wei</creator><creator>You, Wenbo</creator><creator>Wang, Licheng</creator><creator>Valev, Ventsislav K.</creator><creator>Ji, Minbiao</creator><creator>Zhang, Liwu</creator><general>American Chemical Society</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0765-8660</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0438-3443</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7290-3255</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9137-5243</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20240528</creationdate><title>Nanoplastics Detected in Commercial Sea Salt</title><author>Ruan, Xuejun ; Ao, Jianpeng ; Ma, Minglu ; Jones, Robin R. ; Liu, Juan ; Li, Kejian ; Ge, Qiuyue ; Xu, Guanjun ; Liu, Yangyang ; Wang, Tao ; Xie, Lifang ; Wang, Wei ; You, Wenbo ; Wang, Licheng ; Valev, Ventsislav K. ; Ji, Minbiao ; Zhang, Liwu</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a412t-b5c970f8ea7be1af3961148b7e718ed408b267b405d8db2544a4f4341003663b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Aluminum oxide</topic><topic>Contaminants</topic><topic>Ecotoxicology and Public Health</topic><topic>Environmental impact</topic><topic>Health hazards</topic><topic>Imaging</topic><topic>Ingestion</topic><topic>Nanoparticles</topic><topic>Plastic pollution</topic><topic>Plastics</topic><topic>Raman spectra</topic><topic>Salts</topic><topic>Sodium Chloride - chemistry</topic><topic>Spatial discrimination</topic><topic>Spatial resolution</topic><topic>Spectrum Analysis, Raman</topic><topic>Substrates</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ruan, Xuejun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ao, Jianpeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ma, Minglu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jones, Robin R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Juan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Kejian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ge, Qiuyue</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Guanjun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Yangyang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Tao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xie, Lifang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>You, Wenbo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Licheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Valev, Ventsislav K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ji, Minbiao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Liwu</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Environmental science & technology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ruan, Xuejun</au><au>Ao, Jianpeng</au><au>Ma, Minglu</au><au>Jones, Robin R.</au><au>Liu, Juan</au><au>Li, Kejian</au><au>Ge, Qiuyue</au><au>Xu, Guanjun</au><au>Liu, Yangyang</au><au>Wang, Tao</au><au>Xie, Lifang</au><au>Wang, Wei</au><au>You, Wenbo</au><au>Wang, Licheng</au><au>Valev, Ventsislav K.</au><au>Ji, Minbiao</au><au>Zhang, Liwu</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Nanoplastics Detected in Commercial Sea Salt</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science & technology</jtitle><addtitle>Environ. 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SRS detection was successfully established through standard plastics, and NPs were identified through the match of the hydrocarbon group of the nanoparticles. Simultaneously, the NPs were quantified based on the high spatial resolution and rapid imaging of the SRS imaging platform. NPs in sea salts produced in Asia, Australasia, Europe, and the Atlantic were studied. We estimate that, depending on the location, an average person could be ingesting as many as 6 million NPs per year through the consumption of sea salt alone. 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| ispartof | Environmental science & technology, 2024-05, Vol.58 (21), p.9091-9101 |
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| source | MEDLINE; American Chemical Society Publications |
| subjects | Aluminum oxide Contaminants Ecotoxicology and Public Health Environmental impact Health hazards Imaging Ingestion Nanoparticles Plastic pollution Plastics Raman spectra Salts Sodium Chloride - chemistry Spatial discrimination Spatial resolution Spectrum Analysis, Raman Substrates |
| title | Nanoplastics Detected in Commercial Sea Salt |
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