Sulfur and Peroxide Vulcanization of the Blends Based on Styrene-Butadiene Rubber, Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer Rubber and Their Combinations
Rubber blends based on styrene-butadiene rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber and a combination of both rubbers were cured with different sulfur and peroxide curing systems. In sulfur curing systems, two type of accelerators, namely tetramethylthiuram disulfide, N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazo...
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| creator | Kruželák, Ján Kvasničáková, Andrea Džuganová, Michaela Hanzlik, Jan Bednarik, Martin Chodák, Ivan Hudec, Ivan |
| description | Rubber blends based on styrene-butadiene rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber and a combination of both rubbers were cured with different sulfur and peroxide curing systems. In sulfur curing systems, two type of accelerators, namely tetramethylthiuram disulfide, N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide, and combinations of both accelerators were used. In peroxide curing systems, dicumyl peroxide, and a combination of dicumyl peroxide with zinc diacrylate or zinc dimethacrylate, respectively, were applied. The work was aimed at investigating the effect of curing systems composition as well as the type of rubber or rubber combinations on the curing process, cross-link density and physical-mechanical properties of vulcanizates. The dynamic mechanical properties of the selected vulcanizates were examined too. The results revealed a correlation between the cross-link density and physical-mechanical properties. Similarly, there was a certain correlation between the cross-linking degree and glass transition temperature. The tensile strength of vulcanizates based on rubber combinations was higher when compared to that based on pure rubbers, which points out the fact that in rubber combinations, not only are the features of both elastomers combined, but improvement in the tensile characteristics can also be achieved. When compared to vulcanizates cured with dicumyl peroxide, materials cured with a sulfur system exhibited higher tensile strength. With the application of co-agents in peroxide vulcanization, the tensile strength overcame the tensile behavior of sulfur-cured vulcanizates. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ma17112718 |
| format | Article |
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In sulfur curing systems, two type of accelerators, namely tetramethylthiuram disulfide, N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide, and combinations of both accelerators were used. In peroxide curing systems, dicumyl peroxide, and a combination of dicumyl peroxide with zinc diacrylate or zinc dimethacrylate, respectively, were applied. The work was aimed at investigating the effect of curing systems composition as well as the type of rubber or rubber combinations on the curing process, cross-link density and physical-mechanical properties of vulcanizates. The dynamic mechanical properties of the selected vulcanizates were examined too. The results revealed a correlation between the cross-link density and physical-mechanical properties. Similarly, there was a certain correlation between the cross-linking degree and glass transition temperature. The tensile strength of vulcanizates based on rubber combinations was higher when compared to that based on pure rubbers, which points out the fact that in rubber combinations, not only are the features of both elastomers combined, but improvement in the tensile characteristics can also be achieved. When compared to vulcanizates cured with dicumyl peroxide, materials cured with a sulfur system exhibited higher tensile strength. With the application of co-agents in peroxide vulcanization, the tensile strength overcame the tensile behavior of sulfur-cured vulcanizates.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ma17112718</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38893982</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Accelerators ; Aging ; Butadiene ; Chemicals ; Crosslinked polymers ; Crosslinking ; Curing ; Density ; Dicumyl peroxide ; Dynamic mechanical properties ; Elastomers ; Emulsion polymerization ; Ethylene ; Glass transition temperature ; Injection molding ; Mechanical properties ; Medical research ; Medicine, Experimental ; Monomers ; Polymer blends ; Propylene ; Rubber ; Styrenes ; Sulfur ; Sulfur compounds ; Tensile strength ; Vulcanization ; Zinc ; Zinc oxides</subject><ispartof>Materials, 2024-06, Vol.17 (11), p.2718</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2024 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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In sulfur curing systems, two type of accelerators, namely tetramethylthiuram disulfide, N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide, and combinations of both accelerators were used. In peroxide curing systems, dicumyl peroxide, and a combination of dicumyl peroxide with zinc diacrylate or zinc dimethacrylate, respectively, were applied. The work was aimed at investigating the effect of curing systems composition as well as the type of rubber or rubber combinations on the curing process, cross-link density and physical-mechanical properties of vulcanizates. The dynamic mechanical properties of the selected vulcanizates were examined too. The results revealed a correlation between the cross-link density and physical-mechanical properties. Similarly, there was a certain correlation between the cross-linking degree and glass transition temperature. The tensile strength of vulcanizates based on rubber combinations was higher when compared to that based on pure rubbers, which points out the fact that in rubber combinations, not only are the features of both elastomers combined, but improvement in the tensile characteristics can also be achieved. When compared to vulcanizates cured with dicumyl peroxide, materials cured with a sulfur system exhibited higher tensile strength. With the application of co-agents in peroxide vulcanization, the tensile strength overcame the tensile behavior of sulfur-cured vulcanizates.</description><subject>Accelerators</subject><subject>Aging</subject><subject>Butadiene</subject><subject>Chemicals</subject><subject>Crosslinked polymers</subject><subject>Crosslinking</subject><subject>Curing</subject><subject>Density</subject><subject>Dicumyl peroxide</subject><subject>Dynamic mechanical properties</subject><subject>Elastomers</subject><subject>Emulsion polymerization</subject><subject>Ethylene</subject><subject>Glass transition temperature</subject><subject>Injection molding</subject><subject>Mechanical properties</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Medicine, Experimental</subject><subject>Monomers</subject><subject>Polymer blends</subject><subject>Propylene</subject><subject>Rubber</subject><subject>Styrenes</subject><subject>Sulfur</subject><subject>Sulfur compounds</subject><subject>Tensile strength</subject><subject>Vulcanization</subject><subject>Zinc</subject><subject>Zinc oxides</subject><issn>1996-1944</issn><issn>1996-1944</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNptks1u1DAUhS0EotXQDQ-ALLFhQYpvPLbjFeoM5UcqoqKFbeTENzOuEnvqxIjhLXhj3OkALcJe-Orez-foWCbkKbBjzjV7NRhQAKWC6gE5BK1lAXo-f3inPiBH43jF8uIcqlI_Jge8qjTXVXlIfl6kvkuRGm_pOcbw3VmkX1PfGu9-mMkFT0NHpzXSRY_ejnRhRrQ0ty-mbUSPxSJNxrpc0c-paTC-pKfTetvfjM5j2NxWb3bAx-DDgHEP7jwv1-giXYahcX5nNz4hjzrTj3i0P2fky9vTy-X74uzTuw_Lk7NixctqKiwaoaFkDC1qBUYZqZWARs6htBUzjeWSMcO7RgLXct5Yq4W2jbCSI7SMz8jrW91Naga0Lfopmr7eRDeYuK2DcfX9iXfrehW-1QCguMgPOCMv9goxXCccp3pwY4t9bzyGNNacKVYxUFpk9Pk_6FVI0ed8mZJKMAFC_6VWpsfa-S5k4_ZGtD5RWmkmteSZOv4PlbfFwbXBY-dy_96FZ3eT_on4-xfwX35ZtKo</recordid><startdate>20240603</startdate><enddate>20240603</enddate><creator>Kruželák, Ján</creator><creator>Kvasničáková, Andrea</creator><creator>Džuganová, Michaela</creator><creator>Hanzlik, Jan</creator><creator>Bednarik, Martin</creator><creator>Chodák, Ivan</creator><creator>Hudec, Ivan</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2583-1260</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5863-1062</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7900-4762</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4899-0202</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20240603</creationdate><title>Sulfur and Peroxide Vulcanization of the Blends Based on Styrene-Butadiene Rubber, Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer Rubber and Their Combinations</title><author>Kruželák, Ján ; Kvasničáková, Andrea ; Džuganová, Michaela ; Hanzlik, Jan ; Bednarik, Martin ; Chodák, Ivan ; Hudec, Ivan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-g328t-dea591200ede971a7a69751b6412d80abd3600a3fb613964bdd959db5d63e1c03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Accelerators</topic><topic>Aging</topic><topic>Butadiene</topic><topic>Chemicals</topic><topic>Crosslinked polymers</topic><topic>Crosslinking</topic><topic>Curing</topic><topic>Density</topic><topic>Dicumyl peroxide</topic><topic>Dynamic mechanical properties</topic><topic>Elastomers</topic><topic>Emulsion polymerization</topic><topic>Ethylene</topic><topic>Glass transition temperature</topic><topic>Injection molding</topic><topic>Mechanical properties</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>Medicine, Experimental</topic><topic>Monomers</topic><topic>Polymer blends</topic><topic>Propylene</topic><topic>Rubber</topic><topic>Styrenes</topic><topic>Sulfur</topic><topic>Sulfur compounds</topic><topic>Tensile strength</topic><topic>Vulcanization</topic><topic>Zinc</topic><topic>Zinc oxides</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kruželák, Ján</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kvasničáková, Andrea</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Džuganová, Michaela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hanzlik, Jan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bednarik, Martin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chodák, Ivan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hudec, Ivan</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>https://resources.nclive.org/materials</collection><collection>Materials science collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Materials</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kruželák, Ján</au><au>Kvasničáková, Andrea</au><au>Džuganová, Michaela</au><au>Hanzlik, Jan</au><au>Bednarik, Martin</au><au>Chodák, Ivan</au><au>Hudec, Ivan</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Sulfur and Peroxide Vulcanization of the Blends Based on Styrene-Butadiene Rubber, Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer Rubber and Their Combinations</atitle><jtitle>Materials</jtitle><addtitle>Materials (Basel)</addtitle><date>2024-06-03</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>17</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>2718</spage><pages>2718-</pages><issn>1996-1944</issn><eissn>1996-1944</eissn><abstract>Rubber blends based on styrene-butadiene rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber and a combination of both rubbers were cured with different sulfur and peroxide curing systems. In sulfur curing systems, two type of accelerators, namely tetramethylthiuram disulfide, N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide, and combinations of both accelerators were used. In peroxide curing systems, dicumyl peroxide, and a combination of dicumyl peroxide with zinc diacrylate or zinc dimethacrylate, respectively, were applied. The work was aimed at investigating the effect of curing systems composition as well as the type of rubber or rubber combinations on the curing process, cross-link density and physical-mechanical properties of vulcanizates. The dynamic mechanical properties of the selected vulcanizates were examined too. The results revealed a correlation between the cross-link density and physical-mechanical properties. Similarly, there was a certain correlation between the cross-linking degree and glass transition temperature. The tensile strength of vulcanizates based on rubber combinations was higher when compared to that based on pure rubbers, which points out the fact that in rubber combinations, not only are the features of both elastomers combined, but improvement in the tensile characteristics can also be achieved. When compared to vulcanizates cured with dicumyl peroxide, materials cured with a sulfur system exhibited higher tensile strength. With the application of co-agents in peroxide vulcanization, the tensile strength overcame the tensile behavior of sulfur-cured vulcanizates.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>38893982</pmid><doi>10.3390/ma17112718</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2583-1260</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5863-1062</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7900-4762</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4899-0202</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Electronic Journals Library; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; PubMed Central Open Access |
| subjects | Accelerators Aging Butadiene Chemicals Crosslinked polymers Crosslinking Curing Density Dicumyl peroxide Dynamic mechanical properties Elastomers Emulsion polymerization Ethylene Glass transition temperature Injection molding Mechanical properties Medical research Medicine, Experimental Monomers Polymer blends Propylene Rubber Styrenes Sulfur Sulfur compounds Tensile strength Vulcanization Zinc Zinc oxides |
| title | Sulfur and Peroxide Vulcanization of the Blends Based on Styrene-Butadiene Rubber, Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer Rubber and Their Combinations |
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