Protecting against promiscuity: the regulatory role of insulators
Eukaryotic genomes contain transcriptional regulatory elements that alter promoter activity through long-range interactions. Many control elements show a broad range of promoter interactions, suggesting that these elements are capable of inappropriate transcription. The identification of a novel cla...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 2002-12, Vol.59 (12), p.2112-2127 |
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| creator | Geyer, P K Clark, I |
| description | Eukaryotic genomes contain transcriptional regulatory elements that alter promoter activity through long-range interactions. Many control elements show a broad range of promoter interactions, suggesting that these elements are capable of inappropriate transcription. The identification of a novel class of directing regulatory elements, called insulators, has provided clues into mechanisms used in eukaryotic genomes to maintain transcription fidelity. Insulators contribute to the organization of independent domains of gene function by restricting enhancer and silencer function. This review describes the properties of insulators and related elements that have been isolated from several eukaryotic genomes. Two classes of models of insulator function are considered. These models provide insights into possible mechanisms used by these diverse elements to provide regulatory autonomy. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s000180200011 |
| format | Article |
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These models provide insights into possible mechanisms used by these diverse elements to provide regulatory autonomy.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Chromatin</subject><subject>Chromatin - genetics</subject><subject>Enhancer Elements, Genetic</subject><subject>Eukaryotes</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation</subject><subject>Genomics</subject><subject>Insulator Elements</subject><subject>Models, Genetic</subject><subject>Molecular biology</subject><subject>Promoter Regions, Genetic</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>Transcription, Genetic</subject><issn>1420-682X</issn><issn>1420-9071</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2002</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkc1Lw0AQxRdRbK0evUrw4C06u5tkN16kFL-goAcFb8smnW1T0mzd3Qj9701pUOtphpkfj_d4hJxTuKYA4sYDAJXAtoMekCFNGMQ5CHrY75lkHwNy4v2yI1LJsmMyoCzNJOdiSMavzgYsQ9XMIz3XVeNDtHZ2VfmyrcLmNgoLjBzO21oH6zaRszVG1kQduDv5U3JkdO3xrJ8j8v5w_zZ5iqcvj8-T8TQuEy5DnApghREcgWnNecm5LEHmYBiaREOR85ylgDPMCkAmijLNUqkZw1kijaGGj8jdTnfdFiucldgEp2u1dtVKu42yulL7n6ZaqLn9UpTSJKMcOoWrXsHZzxZ9UNuYWNe6Qdt6JZjkeU7TDrz8By5t65ounRI8EZAlueygeAeVznrv0PxYoaC21ai9ajr-4q__X7rvgn8Dz1iKDQ</recordid><startdate>200212</startdate><enddate>200212</enddate><creator>Geyer, P K</creator><creator>Clark, I</creator><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><general>Birkhäuser Verlag</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200212</creationdate><title>Protecting against promiscuity: the regulatory role of insulators</title><author>Geyer, P K ; Clark, I</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c438t-5702bf73e02aa33c338c0890f2ef4a0b939250ede6b0e27bc5658a22ed48ff1f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2002</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Chromatin</topic><topic>Chromatin - genetics</topic><topic>Enhancer Elements, Genetic</topic><topic>Eukaryotes</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation</topic><topic>Genomics</topic><topic>Insulator Elements</topic><topic>Models, Genetic</topic><topic>Molecular biology</topic><topic>Promoter Regions, Genetic</topic><topic>Review</topic><topic>Transcription, Genetic</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Geyer, P K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clark, I</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - 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| subjects | Animals Chromatin Chromatin - genetics Enhancer Elements, Genetic Eukaryotes Gene Expression Regulation Genomics Insulator Elements Models, Genetic Molecular biology Promoter Regions, Genetic Review Transcription, Genetic |
| title | Protecting against promiscuity: the regulatory role of insulators |
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