A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Parental Depression, Antidepressant Usage, Antisocial Personality Disorder, and Stress and Anxiety as Risk Factors for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children

Poor parental mental health and stress have been associated with children’s mental disorders, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), through social, genetic, and neurobiological pathways. To determine the strength of the associations between parental mental health and child ADHD,...

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Veröffentlicht in:Prevention science 2024-05, Vol.25 (Suppl 2), p.272-290
Hauptverfasser: Robinson, Lara R., Bitsko, Rebecca H., O’Masta, Brenna, Holbrook, Joseph R., Ko, Jean, Barry, Caroline M., Maher, Brion, Cerles, Audrey, Saadeh, Kayla, MacMillan, Laurel, Mahmooth, Zayan, Bloomfield, Jeanette, Rush, Margaret, Kaminski, Jennifer W.
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container_end_page 290
container_issue Suppl 2
container_start_page 272
container_title Prevention science
container_volume 25
creator Robinson, Lara R.
Bitsko, Rebecca H.
O’Masta, Brenna
Holbrook, Joseph R.
Ko, Jean
Barry, Caroline M.
Maher, Brion
Cerles, Audrey
Saadeh, Kayla
MacMillan, Laurel
Mahmooth, Zayan
Bloomfield, Jeanette
Rush, Margaret
Kaminski, Jennifer W.
description Poor parental mental health and stress have been associated with children’s mental disorders, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), through social, genetic, and neurobiological pathways. To determine the strength of the associations between parental mental health and child ADHD, we conducted a set of meta-analyses to examine the association of parent mental health indicators (e.g., parental depression, antidepressant usage, antisocial personality disorder, and stress and anxiety) with subsequent ADHD outcomes in children. Eligible ADHD outcomes included diagnosis or symptoms. Fifty-eight articles published from 1980 to 2019 were included. We calculated pooled effect sizes, accounting for each study’s conditional variance, separately for test statistics based on ADHD as a dichotomous (e.g., diagnosis or clinical cutoffs) or continuous measurement (e.g., symptoms of ADHD subtypes of inattentiveness and hyperactivity/impulsivity). Parental stress and parental depression were significantly associated with increased risk for ADHD overall and both symptoms and diagnosis. Specifically, maternal stress and anxiety, maternal prenatal stress, maternal depression, maternal post-partum depression, and paternal depression were positively associated with ADHD. In addition, parental depression was associated with symptoms of ADHD inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive subtypes. Parental antisocial personality disorder was also positively associated with ADHD overall and specifically ADHD diagnosis. Prenatal antidepressant usage was associated with ADHD when measured dichotomously only. These findings raise the possibility that prevention strategies promoting parental mental health and addressing parental stress could have the potential for positive long-term impacts on child health, well-being, and behavioral outcomes.
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To determine the strength of the associations between parental mental health and child ADHD, we conducted a set of meta-analyses to examine the association of parent mental health indicators (e.g., parental depression, antidepressant usage, antisocial personality disorder, and stress and anxiety) with subsequent ADHD outcomes in children. Eligible ADHD outcomes included diagnosis or symptoms. Fifty-eight articles published from 1980 to 2019 were included. We calculated pooled effect sizes, accounting for each study’s conditional variance, separately for test statistics based on ADHD as a dichotomous (e.g., diagnosis or clinical cutoffs) or continuous measurement (e.g., symptoms of ADHD subtypes of inattentiveness and hyperactivity/impulsivity). Parental stress and parental depression were significantly associated with increased risk for ADHD overall and both symptoms and diagnosis. Specifically, maternal stress and anxiety, maternal prenatal stress, maternal depression, maternal post-partum depression, and paternal depression were positively associated with ADHD. In addition, parental depression was associated with symptoms of ADHD inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive subtypes. Parental antisocial personality disorder was also positively associated with ADHD overall and specifically ADHD diagnosis. Prenatal antidepressant usage was associated with ADHD when measured dichotomously only. 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Specifically, maternal stress and anxiety, maternal prenatal stress, maternal depression, maternal post-partum depression, and paternal depression were positively associated with ADHD. In addition, parental depression was associated with symptoms of ADHD inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive subtypes. Parental antisocial personality disorder was also positively associated with ADHD overall and specifically ADHD diagnosis. Prenatal antidepressant usage was associated with ADHD when measured dichotomously only. 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Bitsko, Rebecca H. ; O’Masta, Brenna ; Holbrook, Joseph R. ; Ko, Jean ; Barry, Caroline M. ; Maher, Brion ; Cerles, Audrey ; Saadeh, Kayla ; MacMillan, Laurel ; Mahmooth, Zayan ; Bloomfield, Jeanette ; Rush, Margaret ; Kaminski, Jennifer W.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c382t-48a11b124ce4d5a28dcf6adfa4242c690380ec05d08dd54e05db5f17a29bfffd3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Antidepressants</topic><topic>Antidepressive Agents - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Antisocial personality disorder</topic><topic>Antisocial Personality Disorder - epidemiology</topic><topic>Anxiety</topic><topic>Anxiety - drug therapy</topic><topic>Anxiety - epidemiology</topic><topic>Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - epidemiology</topic><topic>Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child and School Psychology</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Childrens health</topic><topic>Depression - drug therapy</topic><topic>Depression - epidemiology</topic><topic>Disorders</topic><topic>Health behavior</topic><topic>Health education</topic><topic>Health indicators</topic><topic>Health promotion</topic><topic>Health Psychology</topic><topic>Health status</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hyperactivity</topic><topic>Impulsivity</topic><topic>Maternal depression</topic><topic>Maternal stress</topic><topic>Measurement</topic><topic>Medical diagnosis</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine &amp; 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subjects Antidepressants
Antidepressive Agents - therapeutic use
Antisocial personality disorder
Antisocial Personality Disorder - epidemiology
Anxiety
Anxiety - drug therapy
Anxiety - epidemiology
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - epidemiology
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Child
Child and School Psychology
Children
Childrens health
Depression - drug therapy
Depression - epidemiology
Disorders
Health behavior
Health education
Health indicators
Health promotion
Health Psychology
Health status
Humans
Hyperactivity
Impulsivity
Maternal depression
Maternal stress
Measurement
Medical diagnosis
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Mental depression
Mental disorders
Mental health
Meta-analysis
Parental depression
Parental stress
Parents & parenting
Parents - psychology
Paternal depression
Personality
Personality disorders
Postpartum depression
Postpartum period
Prevention
Preventive medicine
Public Health
Risk Factors
Statistics
Stress
Stress, Psychological - epidemiology
Systematic review
Well being
title A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Parental Depression, Antidepressant Usage, Antisocial Personality Disorder, and Stress and Anxiety as Risk Factors for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children
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