Reducing meat and/or dairy consumption in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of effects on protein intake, anthropometric values, and body composition
Abstract Context Consumers are increasingly encouraged to reduce meat and dairy consumption. However, few meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of reducing meat and/or dairy on (absolute) protein intake, anthropometric values, and body composition are available. Objectiv...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nutrition reviews 2024-02, Vol.82 (3), p.277-301 |
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| creator | Habumugisha, Theogene Engebretsen, Ingunn Marie Stadskleiv Måren, Inger Elisabeth Kaiser, Carl Walter Matthias Dierkes, Jutta |
| description | Abstract
Context
Consumers are increasingly encouraged to reduce meat and dairy consumption. However, few meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of reducing meat and/or dairy on (absolute) protein intake, anthropometric values, and body composition are available.
Objective
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of reducing meat and/or dairy consumption on (absolute) protein intake, anthropometric values, and body composition in adults aged ≥ 45 years.
Data Sources
The MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and International Clinical Trials Registry Platform databases were searched up to November 24, 2021.
Data Extraction
Randomized controlled trials reporting protein intake, anthropometric values, and body composition were included.
Data Analysis
Data were pooled using random-effects models and expressed as the mean difference (MD) with 95%CI. Heterogeneity was assessed and quantified using Cochran’s Q and I2 statistics. In total, 19 RCTs with a median duration of 12 weeks (range, 4–24 weeks) and a total enrollment of 1475 participants were included. Participants who consumed meat- and/or dairy-reduced diets had a significantly lower protein intake than those who consumed control diets (9 RCTs; MD, −14 g/d; 95%CI, −20 to −8; I2 = 81%). Reducing meat and/or dairy consumption had no significant effect on body weight (14 RCTs; MD, −1.2 kg; 95%CI, −3 to 0.7; I2 = 12%), body mass index (13 RCTs; MD, −0.3 kg/m2; 95%CI, −1 to 0.4; I2 = 34%), waist circumference (9 RCTs; MD, −0.5 cm; 95%CI, −2.1 to 1.1; I2 = 26%), amount of body fat (8 RCTs; MD, −1.0 kg; 95%CI, −3.0 to 1.0; I2 = 48%), or lean body mass (9 RCTs; MD, −0.4 kg; 95%CI, −1.5 to 0.7; I2 = 0%).
Conclusion
Reduction of meat and/or dairy appears to reduce protein intake. There is no evidence of a significant impact on anthropometric values or body composition. More long-term intervention studies with defined amounts of meat and dairy are needed to investigate the long-term effects on nutrient intakes and health outcomes.
Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020207325. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/nutrit/nuad055 |
| format | Article |
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Context
Consumers are increasingly encouraged to reduce meat and dairy consumption. However, few meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of reducing meat and/or dairy on (absolute) protein intake, anthropometric values, and body composition are available.
Objective
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of reducing meat and/or dairy consumption on (absolute) protein intake, anthropometric values, and body composition in adults aged ≥ 45 years.
Data Sources
The MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and International Clinical Trials Registry Platform databases were searched up to November 24, 2021.
Data Extraction
Randomized controlled trials reporting protein intake, anthropometric values, and body composition were included.
Data Analysis
Data were pooled using random-effects models and expressed as the mean difference (MD) with 95%CI. Heterogeneity was assessed and quantified using Cochran’s Q and I2 statistics. In total, 19 RCTs with a median duration of 12 weeks (range, 4–24 weeks) and a total enrollment of 1475 participants were included. Participants who consumed meat- and/or dairy-reduced diets had a significantly lower protein intake than those who consumed control diets (9 RCTs; MD, −14 g/d; 95%CI, −20 to −8; I2 = 81%). Reducing meat and/or dairy consumption had no significant effect on body weight (14 RCTs; MD, −1.2 kg; 95%CI, −3 to 0.7; I2 = 12%), body mass index (13 RCTs; MD, −0.3 kg/m2; 95%CI, −1 to 0.4; I2 = 34%), waist circumference (9 RCTs; MD, −0.5 cm; 95%CI, −2.1 to 1.1; I2 = 26%), amount of body fat (8 RCTs; MD, −1.0 kg; 95%CI, −3.0 to 1.0; I2 = 48%), or lean body mass (9 RCTs; MD, −0.4 kg; 95%CI, −1.5 to 0.7; I2 = 0%).
Conclusion
Reduction of meat and/or dairy appears to reduce protein intake. There is no evidence of a significant impact on anthropometric values or body composition. More long-term intervention studies with defined amounts of meat and dairy are needed to investigate the long-term effects on nutrient intakes and health outcomes.
Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020207325.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0029-6643</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1753-4887</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1753-4887</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad055</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37236631</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Adipose Tissue ; Adult ; Body Composition ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Editor's Choice ; Humans ; Meat ; Meta-Analysis</subject><ispartof>Nutrition reviews, 2024-02, Vol.82 (3), p.277-301</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Life Sciences Institute. 2023</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Life Sciences Institute.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c425t-fd685ce340af87fe4eaca85da83ee38db1ea6435fb11a22d7007f0d8b5275e4d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c425t-fd685ce340af87fe4eaca85da83ee38db1ea6435fb11a22d7007f0d8b5275e4d3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-0663-877X ; 0000-0002-8360-9043</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,1578,27903,27904</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37236631$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Habumugisha, Theogene</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Engebretsen, Ingunn Marie Stadskleiv</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Måren, Inger Elisabeth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaiser, Carl Walter Matthias</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dierkes, Jutta</creatorcontrib><title>Reducing meat and/or dairy consumption in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of effects on protein intake, anthropometric values, and body composition</title><title>Nutrition reviews</title><addtitle>Nutr Rev</addtitle><description>Abstract
Context
Consumers are increasingly encouraged to reduce meat and dairy consumption. However, few meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of reducing meat and/or dairy on (absolute) protein intake, anthropometric values, and body composition are available.
Objective
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of reducing meat and/or dairy consumption on (absolute) protein intake, anthropometric values, and body composition in adults aged ≥ 45 years.
Data Sources
The MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and International Clinical Trials Registry Platform databases were searched up to November 24, 2021.
Data Extraction
Randomized controlled trials reporting protein intake, anthropometric values, and body composition were included.
Data Analysis
Data were pooled using random-effects models and expressed as the mean difference (MD) with 95%CI. Heterogeneity was assessed and quantified using Cochran’s Q and I2 statistics. In total, 19 RCTs with a median duration of 12 weeks (range, 4–24 weeks) and a total enrollment of 1475 participants were included. Participants who consumed meat- and/or dairy-reduced diets had a significantly lower protein intake than those who consumed control diets (9 RCTs; MD, −14 g/d; 95%CI, −20 to −8; I2 = 81%). Reducing meat and/or dairy consumption had no significant effect on body weight (14 RCTs; MD, −1.2 kg; 95%CI, −3 to 0.7; I2 = 12%), body mass index (13 RCTs; MD, −0.3 kg/m2; 95%CI, −1 to 0.4; I2 = 34%), waist circumference (9 RCTs; MD, −0.5 cm; 95%CI, −2.1 to 1.1; I2 = 26%), amount of body fat (8 RCTs; MD, −1.0 kg; 95%CI, −3.0 to 1.0; I2 = 48%), or lean body mass (9 RCTs; MD, −0.4 kg; 95%CI, −1.5 to 0.7; I2 = 0%).
Conclusion
Reduction of meat and/or dairy appears to reduce protein intake. There is no evidence of a significant impact on anthropometric values or body composition. More long-term intervention studies with defined amounts of meat and dairy are needed to investigate the long-term effects on nutrient intakes and health outcomes.
Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020207325.</description><subject>Adipose Tissue</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Body Composition</subject><subject>Body Mass Index</subject><subject>Body Weight</subject><subject>Editor's Choice</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Meat</subject><subject>Meta-Analysis</subject><issn>0029-6643</issn><issn>1753-4887</issn><issn>1753-4887</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>TOX</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkUFv1DAQhSMEotvClSPyEaSmteM48XJBqKKAVAkJwdma2OPWkNjBdhbtz-Gf4rBLBSdOY8nvfW_sV1XPGL1gdMsv_ZKjy2WAoUI8qDasF7xupewfVhtKm23ddS0_qU5T-kopZc2WP65OeN_wruNsU_38hGbRzt-SCSET8OYyRGLAxT3RwadlmrMLnjhPwCxjTq8IkLRPGSfITpOIO4c_Vl8BZKjBw7hPLpFgCVqLOpejJ3MMGd2KyfANz4s-38Uwh-KJhbKDccF0_hszBLNGT3NIbo1-Uj2yMCZ8epxn1Zfrt5-v3tc3H999uHpzU-u2Ebm2ppNCI28pWNlbbBE0SGFAckQuzcAQyk8IOzAGTWN6SntLjRxE0wtsDT-rXh-48zJMaDT6HGFUc3QTxL0K4NS_N97dqduwU4xKse3kthBeHAkxfC_vyWpySeM4gsewJNXIpjTS9b0s0ouDVMeQUkR7n8OoWotVh2LVsdhieP73dvfyP00WwcuDICzz_2C_AE3-tjs</recordid><startdate>20240212</startdate><enddate>20240212</enddate><creator>Habumugisha, Theogene</creator><creator>Engebretsen, Ingunn Marie Stadskleiv</creator><creator>Måren, Inger Elisabeth</creator><creator>Kaiser, Carl Walter Matthias</creator><creator>Dierkes, Jutta</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>TOX</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0663-877X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8360-9043</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20240212</creationdate><title>Reducing meat and/or dairy consumption in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of effects on protein intake, anthropometric values, and body composition</title><author>Habumugisha, Theogene ; Engebretsen, Ingunn Marie Stadskleiv ; Måren, Inger Elisabeth ; Kaiser, Carl Walter Matthias ; Dierkes, Jutta</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c425t-fd685ce340af87fe4eaca85da83ee38db1ea6435fb11a22d7007f0d8b5275e4d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Adipose Tissue</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Body Composition</topic><topic>Body Mass Index</topic><topic>Body Weight</topic><topic>Editor's Choice</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Meat</topic><topic>Meta-Analysis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Habumugisha, Theogene</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Engebretsen, Ingunn Marie Stadskleiv</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Måren, Inger Elisabeth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaiser, Carl Walter Matthias</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dierkes, Jutta</creatorcontrib><collection>Oxford Journals Open Access Collection</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Nutrition reviews</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Habumugisha, Theogene</au><au>Engebretsen, Ingunn Marie Stadskleiv</au><au>Måren, Inger Elisabeth</au><au>Kaiser, Carl Walter Matthias</au><au>Dierkes, Jutta</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Reducing meat and/or dairy consumption in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of effects on protein intake, anthropometric values, and body composition</atitle><jtitle>Nutrition reviews</jtitle><addtitle>Nutr Rev</addtitle><date>2024-02-12</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>82</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>277</spage><epage>301</epage><pages>277-301</pages><issn>0029-6643</issn><issn>1753-4887</issn><eissn>1753-4887</eissn><abstract>Abstract
Context
Consumers are increasingly encouraged to reduce meat and dairy consumption. However, few meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of reducing meat and/or dairy on (absolute) protein intake, anthropometric values, and body composition are available.
Objective
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of reducing meat and/or dairy consumption on (absolute) protein intake, anthropometric values, and body composition in adults aged ≥ 45 years.
Data Sources
The MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and International Clinical Trials Registry Platform databases were searched up to November 24, 2021.
Data Extraction
Randomized controlled trials reporting protein intake, anthropometric values, and body composition were included.
Data Analysis
Data were pooled using random-effects models and expressed as the mean difference (MD) with 95%CI. Heterogeneity was assessed and quantified using Cochran’s Q and I2 statistics. In total, 19 RCTs with a median duration of 12 weeks (range, 4–24 weeks) and a total enrollment of 1475 participants were included. Participants who consumed meat- and/or dairy-reduced diets had a significantly lower protein intake than those who consumed control diets (9 RCTs; MD, −14 g/d; 95%CI, −20 to −8; I2 = 81%). Reducing meat and/or dairy consumption had no significant effect on body weight (14 RCTs; MD, −1.2 kg; 95%CI, −3 to 0.7; I2 = 12%), body mass index (13 RCTs; MD, −0.3 kg/m2; 95%CI, −1 to 0.4; I2 = 34%), waist circumference (9 RCTs; MD, −0.5 cm; 95%CI, −2.1 to 1.1; I2 = 26%), amount of body fat (8 RCTs; MD, −1.0 kg; 95%CI, −3.0 to 1.0; I2 = 48%), or lean body mass (9 RCTs; MD, −0.4 kg; 95%CI, −1.5 to 0.7; I2 = 0%).
Conclusion
Reduction of meat and/or dairy appears to reduce protein intake. There is no evidence of a significant impact on anthropometric values or body composition. More long-term intervention studies with defined amounts of meat and dairy are needed to investigate the long-term effects on nutrient intakes and health outcomes.
Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020207325.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>37236631</pmid><doi>10.1093/nutrit/nuad055</doi><tpages>25</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0663-877X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8360-9043</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0029-6643 |
| ispartof | Nutrition reviews, 2024-02, Vol.82 (3), p.277-301 |
| issn | 0029-6643 1753-4887 1753-4887 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_10859689 |
| source | MEDLINE; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current) |
| subjects | Adipose Tissue Adult Body Composition Body Mass Index Body Weight Editor's Choice Humans Meat Meta-Analysis |
| title | Reducing meat and/or dairy consumption in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of effects on protein intake, anthropometric values, and body composition |
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