Poly(ethylene Glycol) Methyl Ether Methacrylate-Based Injectable Hydrogels: Swelling, Rheological, and In Vitro Biocompatibility Properties with ATDC5 Chondrogenic Lineage
Here, we present the synthesis of a series of chemical homopolymeric and copolymeric injectable hydrogels based on polyethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMEM) alone or with 2-dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate (DMAEM). The objective of this study was to investigate how the modification of h...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Polymers 2023-12, Vol.15 (24), p.4635 |
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| creator | Farrag, Yousof Ait Eldjoudi, Djedjiga Farrag, Mariam González-Rodríguez, María Ruiz-Fernández, Clara Cordero, Alfonso Varela-García, María Torrijos Pulpón, Carlos Bouza, Rebeca Lago, Francisca Pino, Jesus Alvarez-Lorenzo, Carmen Gualillo, Oreste |
| description | Here, we present the synthesis of a series of chemical homopolymeric and copolymeric injectable hydrogels based on polyethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMEM) alone or with 2-dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate (DMAEM). The objective of this study was to investigate how the modification of hydrogel components influences the swelling, rheological attributes, and in vitro biocompatibility of the hydrogels. The hydrogels' networks were formed via free radical polymerization, as assured by
H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (
H NMR). The swelling of the hydrogels directly correlated with the monomer and the catalyst amounts, in addition to the molecular weight of the monomer. Rheological analysis revealed that most of the synthesized hydrogels had viscoelastic and shear-thinning properties. The storage modulus and the viscosity increased by increasing the monomer and the crosslinker fraction but decreased by increasing the catalyst. MTT analysis showed no potential toxicity of the homopolymeric hydrogels, whereas the copolymeric hydrogels were toxic only at high DMEAM concentrations. The crosslinker polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) induced inflammation in ATDC5 cells, as detected by the significant increase in nitric oxide synthase type II activity. The results suggest a range of highly tunable homopolymeric and copolymeric hydrogels as candidates for cartilage regeneration. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/polym15244635 |
| format | Article |
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H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (
H NMR). The swelling of the hydrogels directly correlated with the monomer and the catalyst amounts, in addition to the molecular weight of the monomer. Rheological analysis revealed that most of the synthesized hydrogels had viscoelastic and shear-thinning properties. The storage modulus and the viscosity increased by increasing the monomer and the crosslinker fraction but decreased by increasing the catalyst. MTT analysis showed no potential toxicity of the homopolymeric hydrogels, whereas the copolymeric hydrogels were toxic only at high DMEAM concentrations. The crosslinker polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) induced inflammation in ATDC5 cells, as detected by the significant increase in nitric oxide synthase type II activity. The results suggest a range of highly tunable homopolymeric and copolymeric hydrogels as candidates for cartilage regeneration.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4360</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4360</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/polym15244635</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38139888</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Arthritis ; Biocompatibility ; Biomedical materials ; Cartilage ; Catalysts ; Chemical synthesis ; Crosslinking ; Fractions ; Free radical polymerization ; Free radicals ; Gels (Pharmacy) ; Glycol dimethacrylates ; Growth factors ; Hemodialysis ; Hyaluronic acid ; Hydrogels ; Identification and classification ; Methods ; Methyl ether ; Monomers ; Nitric oxide ; NMR ; NMR spectroscopy ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Osteoarthritis ; Polyethylene glycol ; Polymerization ; Polymers ; Properties ; Rheological properties ; Rheology ; Shear thinning (liquids) ; Storage modulus ; Swelling ; Tissue engineering ; Wound healing</subject><ispartof>Polymers, 2023-12, Vol.15 (24), p.4635</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2023 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2023 by the authors. 2023</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c439t-82c51e1ca09fa4595feec00b225c0d924176b5d8ed0d4cc39dcd085514d4554c3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-8878-2219 ; 0009-0002-8958-4163 ; 0000-0003-1715-8157 ; 0000-0002-7154-1328 ; 0000-0002-0827-8977 ; 0000-0001-7959-9826 ; 0000-0002-8546-7085</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10747511/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10747511/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27903,27904,53770,53772</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38139888$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Farrag, Yousof</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ait Eldjoudi, Djedjiga</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Farrag, Mariam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>González-Rodríguez, María</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ruiz-Fernández, Clara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cordero, Alfonso</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Varela-García, María</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Torrijos Pulpón, Carlos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bouza, Rebeca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lago, Francisca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pino, Jesus</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alvarez-Lorenzo, Carmen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gualillo, Oreste</creatorcontrib><title>Poly(ethylene Glycol) Methyl Ether Methacrylate-Based Injectable Hydrogels: Swelling, Rheological, and In Vitro Biocompatibility Properties with ATDC5 Chondrogenic Lineage</title><title>Polymers</title><addtitle>Polymers (Basel)</addtitle><description>Here, we present the synthesis of a series of chemical homopolymeric and copolymeric injectable hydrogels based on polyethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMEM) alone or with 2-dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate (DMAEM). The objective of this study was to investigate how the modification of hydrogel components influences the swelling, rheological attributes, and in vitro biocompatibility of the hydrogels. The hydrogels' networks were formed via free radical polymerization, as assured by
H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (
H NMR). The swelling of the hydrogels directly correlated with the monomer and the catalyst amounts, in addition to the molecular weight of the monomer. Rheological analysis revealed that most of the synthesized hydrogels had viscoelastic and shear-thinning properties. The storage modulus and the viscosity increased by increasing the monomer and the crosslinker fraction but decreased by increasing the catalyst. MTT analysis showed no potential toxicity of the homopolymeric hydrogels, whereas the copolymeric hydrogels were toxic only at high DMEAM concentrations. The crosslinker polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) induced inflammation in ATDC5 cells, as detected by the significant increase in nitric oxide synthase type II activity. The results suggest a range of highly tunable homopolymeric and copolymeric hydrogels as candidates for cartilage regeneration.</description><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Arthritis</subject><subject>Biocompatibility</subject><subject>Biomedical materials</subject><subject>Cartilage</subject><subject>Catalysts</subject><subject>Chemical synthesis</subject><subject>Crosslinking</subject><subject>Fractions</subject><subject>Free radical polymerization</subject><subject>Free radicals</subject><subject>Gels (Pharmacy)</subject><subject>Glycol dimethacrylates</subject><subject>Growth factors</subject><subject>Hemodialysis</subject><subject>Hyaluronic acid</subject><subject>Hydrogels</subject><subject>Identification and classification</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Methyl ether</subject><subject>Monomers</subject><subject>Nitric oxide</subject><subject>NMR</subject><subject>NMR spectroscopy</subject><subject>Nuclear magnetic resonance</subject><subject>Osteoarthritis</subject><subject>Polyethylene glycol</subject><subject>Polymerization</subject><subject>Polymers</subject><subject>Properties</subject><subject>Rheological properties</subject><subject>Rheology</subject><subject>Shear thinning (liquids)</subject><subject>Storage modulus</subject><subject>Swelling</subject><subject>Tissue engineering</subject><subject>Wound healing</subject><issn>2073-4360</issn><issn>2073-4360</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNptkl1vFCEUhidGY5vaS28NiTc16VQYYD68Mdu1tk3W2Gj1dsLCmRk2DKzA2sxv8k_KbmttjUACHJ7zknPyZtlLgk8obfDbtTPTSHjBWEn5k2y_wBXNGS3x0wfnvewwhBVOg_GyJNXzbI_WhDZ1Xe9nv66SxBHEYTJgAZ2bSTrzBn3aRdBZHMDvLkL6yYgI-akIoNClXYGMYmkAXUzKux5MeIe-3oAx2vbH6MsAzrheS2GOkbDbBPRdR-_QqXbSjWsR9VIbHSd05d0afNQQ0I2OA5pdf5hzNB-c3elaLdFCWxA9vMiedcIEOLzbD7JvH8-u5xf54vP55Xy2yCWjTczrQnICRArcdILxhncAEuNlUXCJVVMwUpVLrmpQWDEpaaOkwjXnhCnGOZP0IHt_q7veLEdQEmz0wrRrr0fhp9YJ3T5-sXpoe_ezJbhiFSckKRzdKXj3YwMhtqMOMjVHWHCb0BYN5rwoac0S-vofdOU23qb6thRLixL6l-qFgVbbzqWP5Va0nVVVU9SsKnCiTv5Dpalg1NJZ6HSKP0rIbxOkdyF46O6LJLjdOqx95LDEv3rYmXv6j5_ob9FDziQ</recordid><startdate>20231207</startdate><enddate>20231207</enddate><creator>Farrag, Yousof</creator><creator>Ait Eldjoudi, Djedjiga</creator><creator>Farrag, Mariam</creator><creator>González-Rodríguez, María</creator><creator>Ruiz-Fernández, Clara</creator><creator>Cordero, Alfonso</creator><creator>Varela-García, María</creator><creator>Torrijos Pulpón, Carlos</creator><creator>Bouza, Rebeca</creator><creator>Lago, Francisca</creator><creator>Pino, Jesus</creator><creator>Alvarez-Lorenzo, Carmen</creator><creator>Gualillo, Oreste</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8878-2219</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8958-4163</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1715-8157</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7154-1328</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0827-8977</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7959-9826</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8546-7085</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20231207</creationdate><title>Poly(ethylene Glycol) Methyl Ether Methacrylate-Based Injectable Hydrogels: Swelling, Rheological, and In Vitro Biocompatibility Properties with ATDC5 Chondrogenic Lineage</title><author>Farrag, Yousof ; Ait Eldjoudi, Djedjiga ; Farrag, Mariam ; González-Rodríguez, María ; Ruiz-Fernández, Clara ; Cordero, Alfonso ; Varela-García, María ; Torrijos Pulpón, Carlos ; Bouza, Rebeca ; Lago, Francisca ; Pino, Jesus ; Alvarez-Lorenzo, Carmen ; Gualillo, Oreste</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c439t-82c51e1ca09fa4595feec00b225c0d924176b5d8ed0d4cc39dcd085514d4554c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Arthritis</topic><topic>Biocompatibility</topic><topic>Biomedical materials</topic><topic>Cartilage</topic><topic>Catalysts</topic><topic>Chemical synthesis</topic><topic>Crosslinking</topic><topic>Fractions</topic><topic>Free radical polymerization</topic><topic>Free radicals</topic><topic>Gels (Pharmacy)</topic><topic>Glycol dimethacrylates</topic><topic>Growth factors</topic><topic>Hemodialysis</topic><topic>Hyaluronic acid</topic><topic>Hydrogels</topic><topic>Identification and classification</topic><topic>Methods</topic><topic>Methyl ether</topic><topic>Monomers</topic><topic>Nitric oxide</topic><topic>NMR</topic><topic>NMR spectroscopy</topic><topic>Nuclear magnetic resonance</topic><topic>Osteoarthritis</topic><topic>Polyethylene glycol</topic><topic>Polymerization</topic><topic>Polymers</topic><topic>Properties</topic><topic>Rheological properties</topic><topic>Rheology</topic><topic>Shear thinning (liquids)</topic><topic>Storage modulus</topic><topic>Swelling</topic><topic>Tissue engineering</topic><topic>Wound healing</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Farrag, Yousof</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ait Eldjoudi, Djedjiga</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Farrag, Mariam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>González-Rodríguez, María</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ruiz-Fernández, Clara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cordero, Alfonso</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Varela-García, María</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Torrijos Pulpón, Carlos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bouza, Rebeca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lago, Francisca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pino, Jesus</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alvarez-Lorenzo, Carmen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gualillo, Oreste</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Materials science collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Polymers</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Farrag, Yousof</au><au>Ait Eldjoudi, Djedjiga</au><au>Farrag, Mariam</au><au>González-Rodríguez, María</au><au>Ruiz-Fernández, Clara</au><au>Cordero, Alfonso</au><au>Varela-García, María</au><au>Torrijos Pulpón, Carlos</au><au>Bouza, Rebeca</au><au>Lago, Francisca</au><au>Pino, Jesus</au><au>Alvarez-Lorenzo, Carmen</au><au>Gualillo, Oreste</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Poly(ethylene Glycol) Methyl Ether Methacrylate-Based Injectable Hydrogels: Swelling, Rheological, and In Vitro Biocompatibility Properties with ATDC5 Chondrogenic Lineage</atitle><jtitle>Polymers</jtitle><addtitle>Polymers (Basel)</addtitle><date>2023-12-07</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>24</issue><spage>4635</spage><pages>4635-</pages><issn>2073-4360</issn><eissn>2073-4360</eissn><abstract>Here, we present the synthesis of a series of chemical homopolymeric and copolymeric injectable hydrogels based on polyethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMEM) alone or with 2-dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate (DMAEM). The objective of this study was to investigate how the modification of hydrogel components influences the swelling, rheological attributes, and in vitro biocompatibility of the hydrogels. The hydrogels' networks were formed via free radical polymerization, as assured by
H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (
H NMR). The swelling of the hydrogels directly correlated with the monomer and the catalyst amounts, in addition to the molecular weight of the monomer. Rheological analysis revealed that most of the synthesized hydrogels had viscoelastic and shear-thinning properties. The storage modulus and the viscosity increased by increasing the monomer and the crosslinker fraction but decreased by increasing the catalyst. MTT analysis showed no potential toxicity of the homopolymeric hydrogels, whereas the copolymeric hydrogels were toxic only at high DMEAM concentrations. The crosslinker polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) induced inflammation in ATDC5 cells, as detected by the significant increase in nitric oxide synthase type II activity. The results suggest a range of highly tunable homopolymeric and copolymeric hydrogels as candidates for cartilage regeneration.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>38139888</pmid><doi>10.3390/polym15244635</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8878-2219</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8958-4163</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1715-8157</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7154-1328</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0827-8977</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7959-9826</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8546-7085</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Polymers, 2023-12, Vol.15 (24), p.4635 |
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| source | PubMed (Medline); MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; EZB Electronic Journals Library; PubMed Central Open Access |
| subjects | Analysis Arthritis Biocompatibility Biomedical materials Cartilage Catalysts Chemical synthesis Crosslinking Fractions Free radical polymerization Free radicals Gels (Pharmacy) Glycol dimethacrylates Growth factors Hemodialysis Hyaluronic acid Hydrogels Identification and classification Methods Methyl ether Monomers Nitric oxide NMR NMR spectroscopy Nuclear magnetic resonance Osteoarthritis Polyethylene glycol Polymerization Polymers Properties Rheological properties Rheology Shear thinning (liquids) Storage modulus Swelling Tissue engineering Wound healing |
| title | Poly(ethylene Glycol) Methyl Ether Methacrylate-Based Injectable Hydrogels: Swelling, Rheological, and In Vitro Biocompatibility Properties with ATDC5 Chondrogenic Lineage |
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