Attenuated reactive hyperemia after prolonged sitting is associated with reduced local skeletal muscle metabolism: insight from artificial intelligence

Blunted post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) after prolonged sitting (PS) has been used as evidence of microvascular dysfunction. However, it has not been determined if confounding variables are responsible for the reduction in PORH after PS. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine t...

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Veröffentlicht in:American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology integrative and comparative physiology, 2023-10, Vol.325 (4), p.R380-R388
Hauptverfasser: Anderson, Cody P, Park, Song-Young
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description Blunted post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) after prolonged sitting (PS) has been used as evidence of microvascular dysfunction. However, it has not been determined if confounding variables are responsible for the reduction in PORH after PS. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the PS-mediated changes in cardiovascular and metabolic factors that affect PORH using artificial intelligence (AI). We hypothesized that calf muscle metabolic rate (MMR) is attenuated after PS, which may reduce tissue hypoxia during an arterial occlusion (i.e., oxygen deficit) and PORH. Thirty-one subjects (male = 13, female = 18) sat for 2.5 h. A rapid-inflation cuff was placed around the thigh above the knee to generate an arterial occlusion. PORH was represented by the reoxygenation rate (RR) of the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) tissue oxygenation index (TOI) after 5-min of arterial occlusion. An artificial intelligence model (AI) defined the stimulus-response relationship between the oxygen deficit (i.e., ΔTOI and TOI deficit), and RR with 65 previous PORH recordings. If the AI predicts the experimental RRs, then the change in RR is related to the change in the oxygen deficit. RR (Δ -0.27 ± 0.55 lnTOI%·s , = 0.001), MMR (Δ -0.46 ± 0.61 lnTOI%·s , < 0.001), ΔTOI (Δ -0.34 ± 0.62 lnTOI%, < 0.001), and the TOI deficit (Δ -0.42 ± 0.68 lnTOI%·s, < 0.001) were reduced after PS. In addition, strong linear associations were found between MMR and the TOI deficit ( = 0.900, < 0.001) and ΔTOI ( = 0.871, < 0.001). Furthermore, the AI accurately predicted the RRs pre- and post-PS ( = 0.471, = 0.328, respectively). Therefore, blunted PORH after PS may be caused by attenuated MMR and not microvascular dysfunction. Prolonged sitting reduces lower leg skeletal muscle metabolic rate in healthy individuals. Artificial intelligence revealed that impaired post-occlusive reactive hyperemia after prolonged sitting is related to a reduced stimulus for vasodilation and may not be evidence of microvascular dysfunction. Current post-occlusive reactive hyperemia protocols may be insufficient to assess micro- and macrovascular function after prolonged sitting.
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If the AI predicts the experimental RRs, then the change in RR is related to the change in the oxygen deficit. RR (Δ -0.27 ± 0.55 lnTOI%·s , = 0.001), MMR (Δ -0.46 ± 0.61 lnTOI%·s , &lt; 0.001), ΔTOI (Δ -0.34 ± 0.62 lnTOI%, &lt; 0.001), and the TOI deficit (Δ -0.42 ± 0.68 lnTOI%·s, &lt; 0.001) were reduced after PS. In addition, strong linear associations were found between MMR and the TOI deficit ( = 0.900, &lt; 0.001) and ΔTOI ( = 0.871, &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, the AI accurately predicted the RRs pre- and post-PS ( = 0.471, = 0.328, respectively). Therefore, blunted PORH after PS may be caused by attenuated MMR and not microvascular dysfunction. Prolonged sitting reduces lower leg skeletal muscle metabolic rate in healthy individuals. Artificial intelligence revealed that impaired post-occlusive reactive hyperemia after prolonged sitting is related to a reduced stimulus for vasodilation and may not be evidence of microvascular dysfunction. 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Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology</title><addtitle>Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol</addtitle><description>Blunted post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) after prolonged sitting (PS) has been used as evidence of microvascular dysfunction. However, it has not been determined if confounding variables are responsible for the reduction in PORH after PS. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the PS-mediated changes in cardiovascular and metabolic factors that affect PORH using artificial intelligence (AI). We hypothesized that calf muscle metabolic rate (MMR) is attenuated after PS, which may reduce tissue hypoxia during an arterial occlusion (i.e., oxygen deficit) and PORH. Thirty-one subjects (male = 13, female = 18) sat for 2.5 h. A rapid-inflation cuff was placed around the thigh above the knee to generate an arterial occlusion. PORH was represented by the reoxygenation rate (RR) of the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) tissue oxygenation index (TOI) after 5-min of arterial occlusion. An artificial intelligence model (AI) defined the stimulus-response relationship between the oxygen deficit (i.e., ΔTOI and TOI deficit), and RR with 65 previous PORH recordings. If the AI predicts the experimental RRs, then the change in RR is related to the change in the oxygen deficit. RR (Δ -0.27 ± 0.55 lnTOI%·s , = 0.001), MMR (Δ -0.46 ± 0.61 lnTOI%·s , &lt; 0.001), ΔTOI (Δ -0.34 ± 0.62 lnTOI%, &lt; 0.001), and the TOI deficit (Δ -0.42 ± 0.68 lnTOI%·s, &lt; 0.001) were reduced after PS. In addition, strong linear associations were found between MMR and the TOI deficit ( = 0.900, &lt; 0.001) and ΔTOI ( = 0.871, &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, the AI accurately predicted the RRs pre- and post-PS ( = 0.471, = 0.328, respectively). Therefore, blunted PORH after PS may be caused by attenuated MMR and not microvascular dysfunction. Prolonged sitting reduces lower leg skeletal muscle metabolic rate in healthy individuals. Artificial intelligence revealed that impaired post-occlusive reactive hyperemia after prolonged sitting is related to a reduced stimulus for vasodilation and may not be evidence of microvascular dysfunction. 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Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Anderson, Cody P</au><au>Park, Song-Young</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Attenuated reactive hyperemia after prolonged sitting is associated with reduced local skeletal muscle metabolism: insight from artificial intelligence</atitle><jtitle>American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol</addtitle><date>2023-10-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>325</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>R380</spage><epage>R388</epage><pages>R380-R388</pages><issn>0363-6119</issn><issn>1522-1490</issn><eissn>1522-1490</eissn><abstract>Blunted post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) after prolonged sitting (PS) has been used as evidence of microvascular dysfunction. However, it has not been determined if confounding variables are responsible for the reduction in PORH after PS. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the PS-mediated changes in cardiovascular and metabolic factors that affect PORH using artificial intelligence (AI). We hypothesized that calf muscle metabolic rate (MMR) is attenuated after PS, which may reduce tissue hypoxia during an arterial occlusion (i.e., oxygen deficit) and PORH. Thirty-one subjects (male = 13, female = 18) sat for 2.5 h. A rapid-inflation cuff was placed around the thigh above the knee to generate an arterial occlusion. PORH was represented by the reoxygenation rate (RR) of the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) tissue oxygenation index (TOI) after 5-min of arterial occlusion. An artificial intelligence model (AI) defined the stimulus-response relationship between the oxygen deficit (i.e., ΔTOI and TOI deficit), and RR with 65 previous PORH recordings. If the AI predicts the experimental RRs, then the change in RR is related to the change in the oxygen deficit. RR (Δ -0.27 ± 0.55 lnTOI%·s , = 0.001), MMR (Δ -0.46 ± 0.61 lnTOI%·s , &lt; 0.001), ΔTOI (Δ -0.34 ± 0.62 lnTOI%, &lt; 0.001), and the TOI deficit (Δ -0.42 ± 0.68 lnTOI%·s, &lt; 0.001) were reduced after PS. In addition, strong linear associations were found between MMR and the TOI deficit ( = 0.900, &lt; 0.001) and ΔTOI ( = 0.871, &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, the AI accurately predicted the RRs pre- and post-PS ( = 0.471, = 0.328, respectively). Therefore, blunted PORH after PS may be caused by attenuated MMR and not microvascular dysfunction. Prolonged sitting reduces lower leg skeletal muscle metabolic rate in healthy individuals. Artificial intelligence revealed that impaired post-occlusive reactive hyperemia after prolonged sitting is related to a reduced stimulus for vasodilation and may not be evidence of microvascular dysfunction. Current post-occlusive reactive hyperemia protocols may be insufficient to assess micro- and macrovascular function after prolonged sitting.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Physiological Society</pub><pmid>37458376</pmid><doi>10.1152/ajpregu.00067.2023</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8576-7531</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2341-4962</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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source MEDLINE; American Physiological Society; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection
subjects Arterial Occlusive Diseases
Artificial Intelligence
Attenuation
Female
Humans
Hyperemia
Hypoxia
Infrared spectra
Infrared spectroscopy
Male
Metabolic rate
Metabolism
Microcirculation - physiology
Microvasculature
Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism
Muscles
Near infrared radiation
Occlusion
Oxygen
Oxygen deficit
Oxygenation
Sitting Position
Skeletal muscle
Thigh
title Attenuated reactive hyperemia after prolonged sitting is associated with reduced local skeletal muscle metabolism: insight from artificial intelligence
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