Attenuated reactive hyperemia after prolonged sitting is associated with reduced local skeletal muscle metabolism: insight from artificial intelligence
Blunted post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) after prolonged sitting (PS) has been used as evidence of microvascular dysfunction. However, it has not been determined if confounding variables are responsible for the reduction in PORH after PS. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine t...
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description | Blunted post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) after prolonged sitting (PS) has been used as evidence of microvascular dysfunction. However, it has not been determined if confounding variables are responsible for the reduction in PORH after PS. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the PS-mediated changes in cardiovascular and metabolic factors that affect PORH using artificial intelligence (AI). We hypothesized that calf muscle metabolic rate (MMR) is attenuated after PS, which may reduce tissue hypoxia during an arterial occlusion (i.e., oxygen deficit) and PORH. Thirty-one subjects (male = 13, female = 18) sat for 2.5 h. A rapid-inflation cuff was placed around the thigh above the knee to generate an arterial occlusion. PORH was represented by the reoxygenation rate (RR) of the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) tissue oxygenation index (TOI) after 5-min of arterial occlusion. An artificial intelligence model (AI) defined the stimulus-response relationship between the oxygen deficit (i.e., ΔTOI and TOI deficit), and RR with 65 previous PORH recordings. If the AI predicts the experimental RRs, then the change in RR is related to the change in the oxygen deficit. RR (Δ -0.27 ± 0.55 lnTOI%·s
,
= 0.001), MMR (Δ -0.46 ± 0.61 lnTOI%·s
,
< 0.001), ΔTOI (Δ -0.34 ± 0.62 lnTOI%,
< 0.001), and the TOI deficit (Δ -0.42 ± 0.68 lnTOI%·s,
< 0.001) were reduced after PS. In addition, strong linear associations were found between MMR and the TOI deficit (
= 0.900,
< 0.001) and ΔTOI (
= 0.871,
< 0.001). Furthermore, the AI accurately predicted the RRs pre- and post-PS (
= 0.471,
= 0.328, respectively). Therefore, blunted PORH after PS may be caused by attenuated MMR and not microvascular dysfunction.
Prolonged sitting reduces lower leg skeletal muscle metabolic rate in healthy individuals. Artificial intelligence revealed that impaired post-occlusive reactive hyperemia after prolonged sitting is related to a reduced stimulus for vasodilation and may not be evidence of microvascular dysfunction. Current post-occlusive reactive hyperemia protocols may be insufficient to assess micro- and macrovascular function after prolonged sitting. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1152/ajpregu.00067.2023 |
format | Article |
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,
= 0.001), MMR (Δ -0.46 ± 0.61 lnTOI%·s
,
< 0.001), ΔTOI (Δ -0.34 ± 0.62 lnTOI%,
< 0.001), and the TOI deficit (Δ -0.42 ± 0.68 lnTOI%·s,
< 0.001) were reduced after PS. In addition, strong linear associations were found between MMR and the TOI deficit (
= 0.900,
< 0.001) and ΔTOI (
= 0.871,
< 0.001). Furthermore, the AI accurately predicted the RRs pre- and post-PS (
= 0.471,
= 0.328, respectively). Therefore, blunted PORH after PS may be caused by attenuated MMR and not microvascular dysfunction.
Prolonged sitting reduces lower leg skeletal muscle metabolic rate in healthy individuals. Artificial intelligence revealed that impaired post-occlusive reactive hyperemia after prolonged sitting is related to a reduced stimulus for vasodilation and may not be evidence of microvascular dysfunction. Current post-occlusive reactive hyperemia protocols may be insufficient to assess micro- and macrovascular function after prolonged sitting.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0363-6119</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1522-1490</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1522-1490</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00067.2023</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37458376</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Physiological Society</publisher><subject>Arterial Occlusive Diseases ; Artificial Intelligence ; Attenuation ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperemia ; Hypoxia ; Infrared spectra ; Infrared spectroscopy ; Male ; Metabolic rate ; Metabolism ; Microcirculation - physiology ; Microvasculature ; Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism ; Muscles ; Near infrared radiation ; Occlusion ; Oxygen ; Oxygen deficit ; Oxygenation ; Sitting Position ; Skeletal muscle ; Thigh</subject><ispartof>American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 2023-10, Vol.325 (4), p.R380-R388</ispartof><rights>Copyright American Physiological Society Oct 2023</rights><rights>Copyright © 2023 the American Physiological Society. 2023 American Physiological Society</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c431t-7194c2c36464da194fca2210e481d3c71a5975d9001ffeab2deb116c51d807c53</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c431t-7194c2c36464da194fca2210e481d3c71a5975d9001ffeab2deb116c51d807c53</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-8576-7531 ; 0000-0003-2341-4962</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,315,781,785,886,3040,27928,27929</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37458376$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Anderson, Cody P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Song-Young</creatorcontrib><title>Attenuated reactive hyperemia after prolonged sitting is associated with reduced local skeletal muscle metabolism: insight from artificial intelligence</title><title>American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology</title><addtitle>Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol</addtitle><description>Blunted post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) after prolonged sitting (PS) has been used as evidence of microvascular dysfunction. However, it has not been determined if confounding variables are responsible for the reduction in PORH after PS. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the PS-mediated changes in cardiovascular and metabolic factors that affect PORH using artificial intelligence (AI). We hypothesized that calf muscle metabolic rate (MMR) is attenuated after PS, which may reduce tissue hypoxia during an arterial occlusion (i.e., oxygen deficit) and PORH. Thirty-one subjects (male = 13, female = 18) sat for 2.5 h. A rapid-inflation cuff was placed around the thigh above the knee to generate an arterial occlusion. PORH was represented by the reoxygenation rate (RR) of the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) tissue oxygenation index (TOI) after 5-min of arterial occlusion. An artificial intelligence model (AI) defined the stimulus-response relationship between the oxygen deficit (i.e., ΔTOI and TOI deficit), and RR with 65 previous PORH recordings. If the AI predicts the experimental RRs, then the change in RR is related to the change in the oxygen deficit. RR (Δ -0.27 ± 0.55 lnTOI%·s
,
= 0.001), MMR (Δ -0.46 ± 0.61 lnTOI%·s
,
< 0.001), ΔTOI (Δ -0.34 ± 0.62 lnTOI%,
< 0.001), and the TOI deficit (Δ -0.42 ± 0.68 lnTOI%·s,
< 0.001) were reduced after PS. In addition, strong linear associations were found between MMR and the TOI deficit (
= 0.900,
< 0.001) and ΔTOI (
= 0.871,
< 0.001). Furthermore, the AI accurately predicted the RRs pre- and post-PS (
= 0.471,
= 0.328, respectively). Therefore, blunted PORH after PS may be caused by attenuated MMR and not microvascular dysfunction.
Prolonged sitting reduces lower leg skeletal muscle metabolic rate in healthy individuals. Artificial intelligence revealed that impaired post-occlusive reactive hyperemia after prolonged sitting is related to a reduced stimulus for vasodilation and may not be evidence of microvascular dysfunction. Current post-occlusive reactive hyperemia protocols may be insufficient to assess micro- and macrovascular function after prolonged sitting.</description><subject>Arterial Occlusive Diseases</subject><subject>Artificial Intelligence</subject><subject>Attenuation</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hyperemia</subject><subject>Hypoxia</subject><subject>Infrared spectra</subject><subject>Infrared spectroscopy</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Metabolic rate</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Microcirculation - physiology</subject><subject>Microvasculature</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism</subject><subject>Muscles</subject><subject>Near infrared radiation</subject><subject>Occlusion</subject><subject>Oxygen</subject><subject>Oxygen deficit</subject><subject>Oxygenation</subject><subject>Sitting Position</subject><subject>Skeletal muscle</subject><subject>Thigh</subject><issn>0363-6119</issn><issn>1522-1490</issn><issn>1522-1490</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkc9q3DAQxkVpabZpX6CHIuilF281kiyveykh9B8EcknPQiuPvdrKlivJCXmSvm61yTY0AYE0mt_3McNHyFtga4CafzT7OeKwrBljqllzxsUzsioNXoFs2XOyYkKJSgG0J-RVSvvCSSHFS3IiGllvRKNW5M9ZzjgtJmNHIxqb3TXS3e2MEUdnqOkzRjrH4MM0FCS5nN00UJeoSSlYdye8cXlX1N1iS-GDNZ6mX-gxl8e4JOuRjqXYBu_S-Im6Kblhl2kfw0hNzK53xciX_4zeuwEni6_Ji974hG-O9yn5-fXL1fn36uLy24_zs4vKSgG5aqCVlluhpJKdKUVvDefAUG6gE7YBU7dN3bWMQd-j2fIOtwDK1tBtWGNrcUo-3_vOy3bEzuKUo_F6jm408VYH4_TjzuR2egjXGpgSLYODw4ejQwy_F0xZjy7ZsoiZMCxJ841ouWzqmhf0_RN0H5Y4lf0KpVQ5rD1Q_J6yMaQUsX-YBpg-BK-Pweu74PUh-CJ69_8eD5J_SYu_OsCv8g</recordid><startdate>20231001</startdate><enddate>20231001</enddate><creator>Anderson, Cody P</creator><creator>Park, Song-Young</creator><general>American Physiological Society</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8576-7531</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2341-4962</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20231001</creationdate><title>Attenuated reactive hyperemia after prolonged sitting is associated with reduced local skeletal muscle metabolism: insight from artificial intelligence</title><author>Anderson, Cody P ; Park, Song-Young</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c431t-7194c2c36464da194fca2210e481d3c71a5975d9001ffeab2deb116c51d807c53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Arterial Occlusive Diseases</topic><topic>Artificial Intelligence</topic><topic>Attenuation</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hyperemia</topic><topic>Hypoxia</topic><topic>Infrared spectra</topic><topic>Infrared spectroscopy</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Metabolic rate</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>Microcirculation - physiology</topic><topic>Microvasculature</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism</topic><topic>Muscles</topic><topic>Near infrared radiation</topic><topic>Occlusion</topic><topic>Oxygen</topic><topic>Oxygen deficit</topic><topic>Oxygenation</topic><topic>Sitting Position</topic><topic>Skeletal muscle</topic><topic>Thigh</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Anderson, Cody P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Song-Young</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Anderson, Cody P</au><au>Park, Song-Young</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Attenuated reactive hyperemia after prolonged sitting is associated with reduced local skeletal muscle metabolism: insight from artificial intelligence</atitle><jtitle>American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol</addtitle><date>2023-10-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>325</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>R380</spage><epage>R388</epage><pages>R380-R388</pages><issn>0363-6119</issn><issn>1522-1490</issn><eissn>1522-1490</eissn><abstract>Blunted post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) after prolonged sitting (PS) has been used as evidence of microvascular dysfunction. However, it has not been determined if confounding variables are responsible for the reduction in PORH after PS. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the PS-mediated changes in cardiovascular and metabolic factors that affect PORH using artificial intelligence (AI). We hypothesized that calf muscle metabolic rate (MMR) is attenuated after PS, which may reduce tissue hypoxia during an arterial occlusion (i.e., oxygen deficit) and PORH. Thirty-one subjects (male = 13, female = 18) sat for 2.5 h. A rapid-inflation cuff was placed around the thigh above the knee to generate an arterial occlusion. PORH was represented by the reoxygenation rate (RR) of the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) tissue oxygenation index (TOI) after 5-min of arterial occlusion. An artificial intelligence model (AI) defined the stimulus-response relationship between the oxygen deficit (i.e., ΔTOI and TOI deficit), and RR with 65 previous PORH recordings. If the AI predicts the experimental RRs, then the change in RR is related to the change in the oxygen deficit. RR (Δ -0.27 ± 0.55 lnTOI%·s
,
= 0.001), MMR (Δ -0.46 ± 0.61 lnTOI%·s
,
< 0.001), ΔTOI (Δ -0.34 ± 0.62 lnTOI%,
< 0.001), and the TOI deficit (Δ -0.42 ± 0.68 lnTOI%·s,
< 0.001) were reduced after PS. In addition, strong linear associations were found between MMR and the TOI deficit (
= 0.900,
< 0.001) and ΔTOI (
= 0.871,
< 0.001). Furthermore, the AI accurately predicted the RRs pre- and post-PS (
= 0.471,
= 0.328, respectively). Therefore, blunted PORH after PS may be caused by attenuated MMR and not microvascular dysfunction.
Prolonged sitting reduces lower leg skeletal muscle metabolic rate in healthy individuals. Artificial intelligence revealed that impaired post-occlusive reactive hyperemia after prolonged sitting is related to a reduced stimulus for vasodilation and may not be evidence of microvascular dysfunction. Current post-occlusive reactive hyperemia protocols may be insufficient to assess micro- and macrovascular function after prolonged sitting.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Physiological Society</pub><pmid>37458376</pmid><doi>10.1152/ajpregu.00067.2023</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8576-7531</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2341-4962</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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source | MEDLINE; American Physiological Society; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
subjects | Arterial Occlusive Diseases Artificial Intelligence Attenuation Female Humans Hyperemia Hypoxia Infrared spectra Infrared spectroscopy Male Metabolic rate Metabolism Microcirculation - physiology Microvasculature Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism Muscles Near infrared radiation Occlusion Oxygen Oxygen deficit Oxygenation Sitting Position Skeletal muscle Thigh |
title | Attenuated reactive hyperemia after prolonged sitting is associated with reduced local skeletal muscle metabolism: insight from artificial intelligence |
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