Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Zinc/Hydroxyapatite Multi-Layer Coating Prepared by Combining Cold Spraying and High-Velocity Suspension Flame Spraying
The study aims to enhance the corrosion resistance and bioactivity of Mg alloy substrates through the development of a zinc/hydroxyapatite multi-layer (Zn/HA-ML) coating. The Zn/HA-ML coating was prepared by depositing a cold-sprayed (CS) Zn underlayer and a high-velocity suspension flame sprayed (H...
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| description | The study aims to enhance the corrosion resistance and bioactivity of Mg alloy substrates through the development of a zinc/hydroxyapatite multi-layer (Zn/HA-ML) coating. The Zn/HA-ML coating was prepared by depositing a cold-sprayed (CS) Zn underlayer and a high-velocity suspension flame sprayed (HVSFS) Zn/HA multi-layer and was compared with the CS Zn coating and the Zn/HA dual-layer (Zn/HA-DL) coating. Phase, microstructure, and bonding strength were examined, respectively, by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and tensile bonding testing. Corrosion behavior and bioactivity were investigated using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and immersion testing. Results show that the HVSFS Zn/HA composite layers were mainly composed of Zn, HA, and ZnO and were well bonded to the substrate. The HVSFS HA upper layer on the CS Zn underlayer in the Zn/HA-DL coating exhibited microcracks due to their mismatched thermal expansion coefficient (CTE). The Zn/HA-ML coating exhibited good bonding within different layers and showed a higher bonding strength of 27.3 ± 2.3 MPa than the Zn/HA-DL coating of 20.4 ± 2.7 MPa. The CS Zn coating, Zn/HA-DL coating, and Zn/HA-ML coating decreased the corrosion current density of the Mg alloy substrate by around two–fourfold from 3.12 ± 0.75 mA/cm2 to 1.41 ± 0.82mA/cm2, 1.06 ± 0.31 mA/cm2, and 0.88 ± 0.27 mA/cm2, respectively. The Zn/HA-ML coating showed a sixfold decrease in the corrosion current density and more improvements in the corrosion resistance by twofold after an immersion time of 14 days, which was mainly attributed to newly formed apatite and corrosion by-products of Zn particles. The Zn/HA-ML coating effectively combined the advantages of the corrosion resistance of CS Zn underlayer and the bioactivity of HVSFS Zn/HA multi-layers, which proposed a low-temperature strategy for improving corrosion resistance and bioactivity for implant metals. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ma16206782 |
| format | Article |
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The Zn/HA-ML coating was prepared by depositing a cold-sprayed (CS) Zn underlayer and a high-velocity suspension flame sprayed (HVSFS) Zn/HA multi-layer and was compared with the CS Zn coating and the Zn/HA dual-layer (Zn/HA-DL) coating. Phase, microstructure, and bonding strength were examined, respectively, by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and tensile bonding testing. Corrosion behavior and bioactivity were investigated using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and immersion testing. Results show that the HVSFS Zn/HA composite layers were mainly composed of Zn, HA, and ZnO and were well bonded to the substrate. The HVSFS HA upper layer on the CS Zn underlayer in the Zn/HA-DL coating exhibited microcracks due to their mismatched thermal expansion coefficient (CTE). The Zn/HA-ML coating exhibited good bonding within different layers and showed a higher bonding strength of 27.3 ± 2.3 MPa than the Zn/HA-DL coating of 20.4 ± 2.7 MPa. The CS Zn coating, Zn/HA-DL coating, and Zn/HA-ML coating decreased the corrosion current density of the Mg alloy substrate by around two–fourfold from 3.12 ± 0.75 mA/cm2 to 1.41 ± 0.82mA/cm2, 1.06 ± 0.31 mA/cm2, and 0.88 ± 0.27 mA/cm2, respectively. The Zn/HA-ML coating showed a sixfold decrease in the corrosion current density and more improvements in the corrosion resistance by twofold after an immersion time of 14 days, which was mainly attributed to newly formed apatite and corrosion by-products of Zn particles. The Zn/HA-ML coating effectively combined the advantages of the corrosion resistance of CS Zn underlayer and the bioactivity of HVSFS Zn/HA multi-layers, which proposed a low-temperature strategy for improving corrosion resistance and bioactivity for implant metals.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ma16206782</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37895763</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Alloys ; Apatite ; Biological activity ; Bonding strength ; Coatings ; Cold ; Cold spraying ; Corrosion and anti-corrosives ; Corrosion currents ; Corrosion products ; Corrosion resistance ; Corrosion tests ; Current density ; Decomposition ; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ; Flame spraying ; Hydroxyapatite ; Immersion tests (corrosion) ; Low temperature ; Low temperature resistance ; Magnesium base alloys ; Mechanical properties ; Microcracks ; Microstructure ; Multilayers ; Nonferrous metals ; Protective coatings ; Substrates ; Thermal expansion ; Velocity ; Zinc coatings ; Zinc oxide</subject><ispartof>Materials, 2023-10, Vol.16 (20), p.6782</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2023 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2023 by the authors. 2023</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c382t-825931b4e8aa60b8cc1c1c795366ecd8dde26da52b7013a77f80a5bfb3383af33</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10608217/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10608217/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Yao, Hailong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hu, Xiaozhen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Qingyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Hongtao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bai, Xiaobo</creatorcontrib><title>Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Zinc/Hydroxyapatite Multi-Layer Coating Prepared by Combining Cold Spraying and High-Velocity Suspension Flame Spraying</title><title>Materials</title><description>The study aims to enhance the corrosion resistance and bioactivity of Mg alloy substrates through the development of a zinc/hydroxyapatite multi-layer (Zn/HA-ML) coating. The Zn/HA-ML coating was prepared by depositing a cold-sprayed (CS) Zn underlayer and a high-velocity suspension flame sprayed (HVSFS) Zn/HA multi-layer and was compared with the CS Zn coating and the Zn/HA dual-layer (Zn/HA-DL) coating. Phase, microstructure, and bonding strength were examined, respectively, by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and tensile bonding testing. Corrosion behavior and bioactivity were investigated using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and immersion testing. Results show that the HVSFS Zn/HA composite layers were mainly composed of Zn, HA, and ZnO and were well bonded to the substrate. The HVSFS HA upper layer on the CS Zn underlayer in the Zn/HA-DL coating exhibited microcracks due to their mismatched thermal expansion coefficient (CTE). The Zn/HA-ML coating exhibited good bonding within different layers and showed a higher bonding strength of 27.3 ± 2.3 MPa than the Zn/HA-DL coating of 20.4 ± 2.7 MPa. The CS Zn coating, Zn/HA-DL coating, and Zn/HA-ML coating decreased the corrosion current density of the Mg alloy substrate by around two–fourfold from 3.12 ± 0.75 mA/cm2 to 1.41 ± 0.82mA/cm2, 1.06 ± 0.31 mA/cm2, and 0.88 ± 0.27 mA/cm2, respectively. The Zn/HA-ML coating showed a sixfold decrease in the corrosion current density and more improvements in the corrosion resistance by twofold after an immersion time of 14 days, which was mainly attributed to newly formed apatite and corrosion by-products of Zn particles. The Zn/HA-ML coating effectively combined the advantages of the corrosion resistance of CS Zn underlayer and the bioactivity of HVSFS Zn/HA multi-layers, which proposed a low-temperature strategy for improving corrosion resistance and bioactivity for implant metals.</description><subject>Alloys</subject><subject>Apatite</subject><subject>Biological activity</subject><subject>Bonding strength</subject><subject>Coatings</subject><subject>Cold</subject><subject>Cold spraying</subject><subject>Corrosion and anti-corrosives</subject><subject>Corrosion currents</subject><subject>Corrosion products</subject><subject>Corrosion resistance</subject><subject>Corrosion tests</subject><subject>Current density</subject><subject>Decomposition</subject><subject>Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy</subject><subject>Flame spraying</subject><subject>Hydroxyapatite</subject><subject>Immersion tests (corrosion)</subject><subject>Low temperature</subject><subject>Low temperature resistance</subject><subject>Magnesium base alloys</subject><subject>Mechanical properties</subject><subject>Microcracks</subject><subject>Microstructure</subject><subject>Multilayers</subject><subject>Nonferrous metals</subject><subject>Protective coatings</subject><subject>Substrates</subject><subject>Thermal expansion</subject><subject>Velocity</subject><subject>Zinc coatings</subject><subject>Zinc oxide</subject><issn>1996-1944</issn><issn>1996-1944</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdUttu1DAQjRCIVqUvfIElXhBSWl82vjyhsmrZSluBVOCBl2jiTHZdJXZwkor8DZ-K063KxfPg8fGZc8byZNlrRs-EMPS8AyY5lUrzZ9kxM0bmzKxWz__Kj7LTYbijaQnBNDcvsyOhtCmUFMfZrxtnYxjGONlxikjA12QdYoJc8OQD7uHehUhCQ747b883cx3Dzxl6GN2I5GZqR5dvYcaYqhLmd-RzxB4i1qSaE9ZVzi_oOrQ1ue0jzMtpcdm43T7_hm2wbpzJ7TT06B9Mr1ro8In7KnvRQDvg6eN-kn29uvyy3uTbTx-v1xfb3ArNx1zzwghWrVADSFppa1kKZQohJdpa1zVyWUPBK0WZAKUaTaGomkoILaAR4iR7f9Dtp6rD2qIfI7RlH10HcS4DuPLfG-_25S7cl4xKqjlTSeHto0IMPyYcxrJzg8W2BY9hGkqutSikKQqZqG_-o96FKfr0voXFNaOGmcQ6O7B20GLpfBOSsU1RY-ds8Ni4hF8oxanRQi0dvDsULF86RGye2me0XKal_DMt4jddHbOr</recordid><startdate>20231020</startdate><enddate>20231020</enddate><creator>Yao, Hailong</creator><creator>Hu, Xiaozhen</creator><creator>Chen, Qingyu</creator><creator>Wang, Hongtao</creator><creator>Bai, Xiaobo</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20231020</creationdate><title>Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Zinc/Hydroxyapatite Multi-Layer Coating Prepared by Combining Cold Spraying and High-Velocity Suspension Flame Spraying</title><author>Yao, Hailong ; Hu, Xiaozhen ; Chen, Qingyu ; Wang, Hongtao ; Bai, Xiaobo</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c382t-825931b4e8aa60b8cc1c1c795366ecd8dde26da52b7013a77f80a5bfb3383af33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Alloys</topic><topic>Apatite</topic><topic>Biological activity</topic><topic>Bonding strength</topic><topic>Coatings</topic><topic>Cold</topic><topic>Cold spraying</topic><topic>Corrosion and anti-corrosives</topic><topic>Corrosion currents</topic><topic>Corrosion products</topic><topic>Corrosion resistance</topic><topic>Corrosion tests</topic><topic>Current density</topic><topic>Decomposition</topic><topic>Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy</topic><topic>Flame spraying</topic><topic>Hydroxyapatite</topic><topic>Immersion tests (corrosion)</topic><topic>Low temperature</topic><topic>Low temperature resistance</topic><topic>Magnesium base alloys</topic><topic>Mechanical properties</topic><topic>Microcracks</topic><topic>Microstructure</topic><topic>Multilayers</topic><topic>Nonferrous metals</topic><topic>Protective coatings</topic><topic>Substrates</topic><topic>Thermal expansion</topic><topic>Velocity</topic><topic>Zinc coatings</topic><topic>Zinc oxide</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Yao, Hailong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hu, Xiaozhen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Qingyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Hongtao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bai, Xiaobo</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Materials</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Yao, Hailong</au><au>Hu, Xiaozhen</au><au>Chen, Qingyu</au><au>Wang, Hongtao</au><au>Bai, Xiaobo</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Zinc/Hydroxyapatite Multi-Layer Coating Prepared by Combining Cold Spraying and High-Velocity Suspension Flame Spraying</atitle><jtitle>Materials</jtitle><date>2023-10-20</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>20</issue><spage>6782</spage><pages>6782-</pages><issn>1996-1944</issn><eissn>1996-1944</eissn><abstract>The study aims to enhance the corrosion resistance and bioactivity of Mg alloy substrates through the development of a zinc/hydroxyapatite multi-layer (Zn/HA-ML) coating. The Zn/HA-ML coating was prepared by depositing a cold-sprayed (CS) Zn underlayer and a high-velocity suspension flame sprayed (HVSFS) Zn/HA multi-layer and was compared with the CS Zn coating and the Zn/HA dual-layer (Zn/HA-DL) coating. Phase, microstructure, and bonding strength were examined, respectively, by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and tensile bonding testing. Corrosion behavior and bioactivity were investigated using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and immersion testing. Results show that the HVSFS Zn/HA composite layers were mainly composed of Zn, HA, and ZnO and were well bonded to the substrate. The HVSFS HA upper layer on the CS Zn underlayer in the Zn/HA-DL coating exhibited microcracks due to their mismatched thermal expansion coefficient (CTE). The Zn/HA-ML coating exhibited good bonding within different layers and showed a higher bonding strength of 27.3 ± 2.3 MPa than the Zn/HA-DL coating of 20.4 ± 2.7 MPa. The CS Zn coating, Zn/HA-DL coating, and Zn/HA-ML coating decreased the corrosion current density of the Mg alloy substrate by around two–fourfold from 3.12 ± 0.75 mA/cm2 to 1.41 ± 0.82mA/cm2, 1.06 ± 0.31 mA/cm2, and 0.88 ± 0.27 mA/cm2, respectively. The Zn/HA-ML coating showed a sixfold decrease in the corrosion current density and more improvements in the corrosion resistance by twofold after an immersion time of 14 days, which was mainly attributed to newly formed apatite and corrosion by-products of Zn particles. The Zn/HA-ML coating effectively combined the advantages of the corrosion resistance of CS Zn underlayer and the bioactivity of HVSFS Zn/HA multi-layers, which proposed a low-temperature strategy for improving corrosion resistance and bioactivity for implant metals.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>37895763</pmid><doi>10.3390/ma16206782</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central Open Access; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Alloys Apatite Biological activity Bonding strength Coatings Cold Cold spraying Corrosion and anti-corrosives Corrosion currents Corrosion products Corrosion resistance Corrosion tests Current density Decomposition Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Flame spraying Hydroxyapatite Immersion tests (corrosion) Low temperature Low temperature resistance Magnesium base alloys Mechanical properties Microcracks Microstructure Multilayers Nonferrous metals Protective coatings Substrates Thermal expansion Velocity Zinc coatings Zinc oxide |
| title | Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Zinc/Hydroxyapatite Multi-Layer Coating Prepared by Combining Cold Spraying and High-Velocity Suspension Flame Spraying |
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