The relationship between salivary alpha-amylase, nitric oxide, pain and anxiety-induced stress in patients during dental treatment
Background: Pain and anxiety are the most reported negative effect of orthodontic treatment which can influence the quality of life and are responsible for the discontinuation of treatment. These unpleasant experiences raise the stress levels reflected by the increase in the concentration of salivar...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of oral and maxillofacial pathology : JOMFP 2023-04, Vol.27 (2), p.426-427 |
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| creator | Swathi, Siripurapu Pasupuleti, Swetha Manyam, Ravikanth Kumar Varma, D |
| description | Background: Pain and anxiety are the most reported negative effect of orthodontic treatment which can influence the quality of life and are responsible for the discontinuation of treatment. These unpleasant experiences raise the stress levels reflected by the increase in the concentration of salivary alpha-amylase and nitric oxide. These can be assessed through various subjective methods which have limited value as it depends on the patient's honesty, assessing whether using objective methods are reliable.
Objectives: To assess pain and anxiety-induced stress levels using both physiological (Salivary alpha-amylase and Salivary nitric oxide) and psychological testing instruments (Visual analog scale and State Trait Anxiety Inventory Y6) during the initial phases of fixed orthodontic treatment.
Materials and Methods: A total of 30 patients were included. Pain and anxiety instruments were applied and saliva samples were collected from patients before and after separator placement, before and 48 h after archwire insertion and 1 month after archwire insertion.
Results: The mean values of alpha-amylase (235.3600), nitric oxide levels (2.060) and pain scores (7.8667) were higher 48 h after archwire insertion (T3) which are statistically significant, P = 0.00. Anxiety scores (57.7000) were high before separator placement (T0). No statistically significant correlation was found among pain and alpha-amylase, anxiety and nitric oxide levels.
Conclusion: Initial alignment phases of fixed orthodontic treatment affect patients' anxiety and stress levels. The findings could be a result of the psychological stress due to procedures in the initial phases of the treatment. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_136_22 |
| format | Article |
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Objectives: To assess pain and anxiety-induced stress levels using both physiological (Salivary alpha-amylase and Salivary nitric oxide) and psychological testing instruments (Visual analog scale and State Trait Anxiety Inventory Y6) during the initial phases of fixed orthodontic treatment.
Materials and Methods: A total of 30 patients were included. Pain and anxiety instruments were applied and saliva samples were collected from patients before and after separator placement, before and 48 h after archwire insertion and 1 month after archwire insertion.
Results: The mean values of alpha-amylase (235.3600), nitric oxide levels (2.060) and pain scores (7.8667) were higher 48 h after archwire insertion (T3) which are statistically significant, P = 0.00. Anxiety scores (57.7000) were high before separator placement (T0). No statistically significant correlation was found among pain and alpha-amylase, anxiety and nitric oxide levels.
Conclusion: Initial alignment phases of fixed orthodontic treatment affect patients' anxiety and stress levels. The findings could be a result of the psychological stress due to procedures in the initial phases of the treatment.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0973-029X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1998-393X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_136_22</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Chennai: Wolters Kluwer India Pvt. Ltd</publisher><subject>Amylases ; Anxiety ; Care and treatment ; Medical research ; Medicine, Experimental ; Nitric oxide ; Original ; Orthodontics ; Pain ; Physiological aspects ; Psychological assessment ; Quality of life ; Saliva ; Separators ; Statistical analysis ; Stress ; Stress (Psychology) ; α-Amylase</subject><ispartof>Journal of oral and maxillofacial pathology : JOMFP, 2023-04, Vol.27 (2), p.426-427</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2023 Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd.</rights><rights>2023. This article is published under (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/) (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Copyright: © 2023 Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology 2023</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c434n-4fbd2a17eff313aea5df5431d996e0312151368623defe6fec7a55131b6871643</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10581320/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10581320/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27458,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Swathi, Siripurapu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pasupuleti, Swetha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Manyam, Ravikanth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kumar Varma, D</creatorcontrib><title>The relationship between salivary alpha-amylase, nitric oxide, pain and anxiety-induced stress in patients during dental treatment</title><title>Journal of oral and maxillofacial pathology : JOMFP</title><description>Background: Pain and anxiety are the most reported negative effect of orthodontic treatment which can influence the quality of life and are responsible for the discontinuation of treatment. These unpleasant experiences raise the stress levels reflected by the increase in the concentration of salivary alpha-amylase and nitric oxide. These can be assessed through various subjective methods which have limited value as it depends on the patient's honesty, assessing whether using objective methods are reliable.
Objectives: To assess pain and anxiety-induced stress levels using both physiological (Salivary alpha-amylase and Salivary nitric oxide) and psychological testing instruments (Visual analog scale and State Trait Anxiety Inventory Y6) during the initial phases of fixed orthodontic treatment.
Materials and Methods: A total of 30 patients were included. Pain and anxiety instruments were applied and saliva samples were collected from patients before and after separator placement, before and 48 h after archwire insertion and 1 month after archwire insertion.
Results: The mean values of alpha-amylase (235.3600), nitric oxide levels (2.060) and pain scores (7.8667) were higher 48 h after archwire insertion (T3) which are statistically significant, P = 0.00. Anxiety scores (57.7000) were high before separator placement (T0). No statistically significant correlation was found among pain and alpha-amylase, anxiety and nitric oxide levels.
Conclusion: Initial alignment phases of fixed orthodontic treatment affect patients' anxiety and stress levels. The findings could be a result of the psychological stress due to procedures in the initial phases of the treatment.</description><subject>Amylases</subject><subject>Anxiety</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Medicine, Experimental</subject><subject>Nitric oxide</subject><subject>Original</subject><subject>Orthodontics</subject><subject>Pain</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Psychological assessment</subject><subject>Quality of life</subject><subject>Saliva</subject><subject>Separators</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Stress</subject><subject>Stress (Psychology)</subject><subject>α-Amylase</subject><issn>0973-029X</issn><issn>1998-393X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp9UsluFDEQbSGQGAI_wMkSFw704K23E4qikCBF4hKk3CxPuzzjidtu7O5M5sqXp8KEJQhFlpdyvVflKr-ieMvoUjIqPm7jYMflz1UxUSvOnxUL1nVtKTpx9bxY0K4RJeXd1cviVc5bSqtWVnxR_LjcAEng9eRiyBs3khVMO4BAsvbuRqc90X7c6FIPe68zfCDBTcn1JN46g9aoXSA6GJy3DqZ96YKZezAkTwlyJugdMTaEKRMzJxfWxKChPUG_ngY8vy5eWO0zvHnYj4pvn08vT87Li69nX06OL8peChlKaVeGa9aAtYIJDboytpKCma6rgQrGWYWVtzUXBizUFvpGV3jFVnXbsFqKo-LTIe44rwYwPaZO2qsxuQHLVFE79dgT3Eat441i2CwmOMUI7x8ipPh9hjypweUevNcB4pwVb5tOUkzGEPruH-g2zilgfUowKRvGpKieQvFW1m3XIvgPaq09KBdsxOf196nVcVNT_FXJGkQt_4PCYWBwfQxgHd4_IvADoU8x5wT2dysYVfeqUgc9_a0qJJ0fSLvoJ0j52s87SAq7dh3i7gmmkrxWKDb1S2ziDgu_3tk</recordid><startdate>20230401</startdate><enddate>20230401</enddate><creator>Swathi, Siripurapu</creator><creator>Pasupuleti, Swetha</creator><creator>Manyam, Ravikanth</creator><creator>Kumar Varma, D</creator><general>Wolters Kluwer India Pvt. 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Manyam, Ravikanth ; Kumar Varma, D</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c434n-4fbd2a17eff313aea5df5431d996e0312151368623defe6fec7a55131b6871643</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Amylases</topic><topic>Anxiety</topic><topic>Care and treatment</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>Medicine, Experimental</topic><topic>Nitric oxide</topic><topic>Original</topic><topic>Orthodontics</topic><topic>Pain</topic><topic>Physiological aspects</topic><topic>Psychological assessment</topic><topic>Quality of life</topic><topic>Saliva</topic><topic>Separators</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Stress</topic><topic>Stress (Psychology)</topic><topic>α-Amylase</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Swathi, Siripurapu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pasupuleti, Swetha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Manyam, Ravikanth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kumar Varma, D</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of oral and maxillofacial pathology : JOMFP</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Swathi, Siripurapu</au><au>Pasupuleti, Swetha</au><au>Manyam, Ravikanth</au><au>Kumar Varma, D</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The relationship between salivary alpha-amylase, nitric oxide, pain and anxiety-induced stress in patients during dental treatment</atitle><jtitle>Journal of oral and maxillofacial pathology : JOMFP</jtitle><date>2023-04-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>27</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>426</spage><epage>427</epage><pages>426-427</pages><issn>0973-029X</issn><eissn>1998-393X</eissn><abstract>Background: Pain and anxiety are the most reported negative effect of orthodontic treatment which can influence the quality of life and are responsible for the discontinuation of treatment. These unpleasant experiences raise the stress levels reflected by the increase in the concentration of salivary alpha-amylase and nitric oxide. These can be assessed through various subjective methods which have limited value as it depends on the patient's honesty, assessing whether using objective methods are reliable.
Objectives: To assess pain and anxiety-induced stress levels using both physiological (Salivary alpha-amylase and Salivary nitric oxide) and psychological testing instruments (Visual analog scale and State Trait Anxiety Inventory Y6) during the initial phases of fixed orthodontic treatment.
Materials and Methods: A total of 30 patients were included. Pain and anxiety instruments were applied and saliva samples were collected from patients before and after separator placement, before and 48 h after archwire insertion and 1 month after archwire insertion.
Results: The mean values of alpha-amylase (235.3600), nitric oxide levels (2.060) and pain scores (7.8667) were higher 48 h after archwire insertion (T3) which are statistically significant, P = 0.00. Anxiety scores (57.7000) were high before separator placement (T0). No statistically significant correlation was found among pain and alpha-amylase, anxiety and nitric oxide levels.
Conclusion: Initial alignment phases of fixed orthodontic treatment affect patients' anxiety and stress levels. The findings could be a result of the psychological stress due to procedures in the initial phases of the treatment.</abstract><cop>Chennai</cop><pub>Wolters Kluwer India Pvt. Ltd</pub><doi>10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_136_22</doi><tpages>2</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0973-029X |
| ispartof | Journal of oral and maxillofacial pathology : JOMFP, 2023-04, Vol.27 (2), p.426-427 |
| issn | 0973-029X 1998-393X |
| language | eng |
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| source | Medknow Open Access Medical Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central Open Access; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Amylases Anxiety Care and treatment Medical research Medicine, Experimental Nitric oxide Original Orthodontics Pain Physiological aspects Psychological assessment Quality of life Saliva Separators Statistical analysis Stress Stress (Psychology) α-Amylase |
| title | The relationship between salivary alpha-amylase, nitric oxide, pain and anxiety-induced stress in patients during dental treatment |
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