A comprehensive characterization of longevity and culling reasons in Canadian Holstein cattle based on various systematic factors
Abstract The decision of premature culling cows directly impacts the profitability of dairy farms. A comprehensive characterization of the primary causes of culling reasons would greatly improve both management and selection objectives in dairy cattle breeding programs. Therefore, this study aimed t...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Translational animal science 2023-01, Vol.7 (1), p.txad102 |
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| creator | de Souza, Taiana Cortez Pinto, Luis Fernando Batista da Cruz, Valdecy Aparecida Rocha de Oliveira, Hinayah Rojas Pedrosa, Victor Breno Oliveira, Gerson A Miglior, Filippo Schenkel, Flávio S Brito, Luiz F |
| description | Abstract
The decision of premature culling cows directly impacts the profitability of dairy farms. A comprehensive characterization of the primary causes of culling reasons would greatly improve both management and selection objectives in dairy cattle breeding programs. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the temporal frequencies of 34 culling reasons in Canadian Holstein cows. After data editing and quality control, records from 3,096,872 cows culled from 9,683 herds spread across Canada were used for the analyses covering the periods from 1996 to 2020. Reproductive issues were the main culling reason accounting for 23.02%, followed by milk production (20.82%), health (20.39%), conformation problems (13.69%), economic factors (13.10%), accidents (5.67%), age-related causes (1.67%), and workability (1.63%). Nearly fifty-eight percent of cows were culled after 47 months of age. The observed frequencies of culling due to economic factors were lower than expected from 1996 to 2014 and higher than expected between 2015 and 2020. Reproduction issues had the highest culling frequencies during fall (24.54%), winter (24.02%), and spring (22.51%), while health issues were the most frequent (22.51%) culling reason in the summer season. Health issues (25.50%) and milk production (27.71%) were the most frequent culling reasons in the provinces of Quebec and Ontario, respectively. Reproductive issues showed the highest frequency across climates based on the Köppen climate classification, except for Csb (Dry-summer subtropical or Mediterranean climate) and Bsk (Middle latitude steppe climate), which correspond to small regions in Canada, where production was the most frequent culling reason (29.42% and 21.56%, respectively). Reproductive and milk performance issues were the two main culling reasons in most ecozones, except in Boreal Shield and Atlantic Marine, where health issues had the highest frequencies (25.12 and 23.75%, respectively). These results will contribute to improving management practices and selective decisions to reduce involuntary culling of Holstein cows.
A detailed characterization of the primary causes of culling reasons in dairy cattle is paramount for improving management and the definition of longevity traits for refining selection indexes in dairy cattle breeding programs. In this study, we investigated the temporal frequencies of 34 culling reasons in Canadian Holstein cows and analyzed the main factors associated with their incidence.
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| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/tas/txad102 |
| format | Article |
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The decision of premature culling cows directly impacts the profitability of dairy farms. A comprehensive characterization of the primary causes of culling reasons would greatly improve both management and selection objectives in dairy cattle breeding programs. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the temporal frequencies of 34 culling reasons in Canadian Holstein cows. After data editing and quality control, records from 3,096,872 cows culled from 9,683 herds spread across Canada were used for the analyses covering the periods from 1996 to 2020. Reproductive issues were the main culling reason accounting for 23.02%, followed by milk production (20.82%), health (20.39%), conformation problems (13.69%), economic factors (13.10%), accidents (5.67%), age-related causes (1.67%), and workability (1.63%). Nearly fifty-eight percent of cows were culled after 47 months of age. The observed frequencies of culling due to economic factors were lower than expected from 1996 to 2014 and higher than expected between 2015 and 2020. Reproduction issues had the highest culling frequencies during fall (24.54%), winter (24.02%), and spring (22.51%), while health issues were the most frequent (22.51%) culling reason in the summer season. Health issues (25.50%) and milk production (27.71%) were the most frequent culling reasons in the provinces of Quebec and Ontario, respectively. Reproductive issues showed the highest frequency across climates based on the Köppen climate classification, except for Csb (Dry-summer subtropical or Mediterranean climate) and Bsk (Middle latitude steppe climate), which correspond to small regions in Canada, where production was the most frequent culling reason (29.42% and 21.56%, respectively). Reproductive and milk performance issues were the two main culling reasons in most ecozones, except in Boreal Shield and Atlantic Marine, where health issues had the highest frequencies (25.12 and 23.75%, respectively). These results will contribute to improving management practices and selective decisions to reduce involuntary culling of Holstein cows.
A detailed characterization of the primary causes of culling reasons in dairy cattle is paramount for improving management and the definition of longevity traits for refining selection indexes in dairy cattle breeding programs. In this study, we investigated the temporal frequencies of 34 culling reasons in Canadian Holstein cows and analyzed the main factors associated with their incidence.
Lay Summary
Involuntary culling of cows has a direct impact on the profitability of dairy farms. Understanding the main causes of culling is important for effective management and selection decisions in dairy cattle breeding programs. This study analyzed the frequencies of 34 culling reasons in Canadian Holstein cows over a 25-year period, which included over 3 million culling records. Reproductive problems were the main cause of culling, followed by milk production, health problems, conformation issues, economic factors, accidents, age-related issues, and workability. Economic culling frequencies varied over time, with lower-than-expected rates from 1996 to 2014 and higher-than-expected rates between 2015 and 2020. Reproductive problems were more common in the fall, winter, and spring, while health problems were more common in the summer. The most prevalent reasons for culling differed across provinces, with health issues were more prevalent in Quebec and milk production in Ontario. These findings will inform better management practices and contribute to selective decisions to reduce involuntary culling and improve the overall productivity and sustainability of dairy production.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2573-2102</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2573-2102</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/tas/txad102</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37841322</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>US: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Animal Genetics and Genomics</subject><ispartof>Translational animal science, 2023-01, Vol.7 (1), p.txad102</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science. 2023</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c413t-562a4182f03e1bdf29bb3a6317612129eab82ef386fa23dc8d91383fd8c6ceac3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c413t-562a4182f03e1bdf29bb3a6317612129eab82ef386fa23dc8d91383fd8c6ceac3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-5819-0922</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10576516/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10576516/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,1603,27922,27923,53789,53791</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37841322$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>de Souza, Taiana Cortez</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pinto, Luis Fernando Batista</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>da Cruz, Valdecy Aparecida Rocha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Oliveira, Hinayah Rojas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pedrosa, Victor Breno</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oliveira, Gerson A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miglior, Filippo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schenkel, Flávio S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brito, Luiz F</creatorcontrib><title>A comprehensive characterization of longevity and culling reasons in Canadian Holstein cattle based on various systematic factors</title><title>Translational animal science</title><addtitle>Transl Anim Sci</addtitle><description>Abstract
The decision of premature culling cows directly impacts the profitability of dairy farms. A comprehensive characterization of the primary causes of culling reasons would greatly improve both management and selection objectives in dairy cattle breeding programs. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the temporal frequencies of 34 culling reasons in Canadian Holstein cows. After data editing and quality control, records from 3,096,872 cows culled from 9,683 herds spread across Canada were used for the analyses covering the periods from 1996 to 2020. Reproductive issues were the main culling reason accounting for 23.02%, followed by milk production (20.82%), health (20.39%), conformation problems (13.69%), economic factors (13.10%), accidents (5.67%), age-related causes (1.67%), and workability (1.63%). Nearly fifty-eight percent of cows were culled after 47 months of age. The observed frequencies of culling due to economic factors were lower than expected from 1996 to 2014 and higher than expected between 2015 and 2020. Reproduction issues had the highest culling frequencies during fall (24.54%), winter (24.02%), and spring (22.51%), while health issues were the most frequent (22.51%) culling reason in the summer season. Health issues (25.50%) and milk production (27.71%) were the most frequent culling reasons in the provinces of Quebec and Ontario, respectively. Reproductive issues showed the highest frequency across climates based on the Köppen climate classification, except for Csb (Dry-summer subtropical or Mediterranean climate) and Bsk (Middle latitude steppe climate), which correspond to small regions in Canada, where production was the most frequent culling reason (29.42% and 21.56%, respectively). Reproductive and milk performance issues were the two main culling reasons in most ecozones, except in Boreal Shield and Atlantic Marine, where health issues had the highest frequencies (25.12 and 23.75%, respectively). These results will contribute to improving management practices and selective decisions to reduce involuntary culling of Holstein cows.
A detailed characterization of the primary causes of culling reasons in dairy cattle is paramount for improving management and the definition of longevity traits for refining selection indexes in dairy cattle breeding programs. In this study, we investigated the temporal frequencies of 34 culling reasons in Canadian Holstein cows and analyzed the main factors associated with their incidence.
Lay Summary
Involuntary culling of cows has a direct impact on the profitability of dairy farms. Understanding the main causes of culling is important for effective management and selection decisions in dairy cattle breeding programs. This study analyzed the frequencies of 34 culling reasons in Canadian Holstein cows over a 25-year period, which included over 3 million culling records. Reproductive problems were the main cause of culling, followed by milk production, health problems, conformation issues, economic factors, accidents, age-related issues, and workability. Economic culling frequencies varied over time, with lower-than-expected rates from 1996 to 2014 and higher-than-expected rates between 2015 and 2020. Reproductive problems were more common in the fall, winter, and spring, while health problems were more common in the summer. The most prevalent reasons for culling differed across provinces, with health issues were more prevalent in Quebec and milk production in Ontario. These findings will inform better management practices and contribute to selective decisions to reduce involuntary culling and improve the overall productivity and sustainability of dairy production.</description><subject>Animal Genetics and Genomics</subject><issn>2573-2102</issn><issn>2573-2102</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>TOX</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kc9rVDEQxx9isaX25F1yEqGszY9uXt5JyqJWKHip5zAvmexG8pI1yVu63vzPG9m11IunDJkPn5nk23VvGP3A6CCuKpSr-gCWUf6iO-PLXix4q18-q0-7i1J-UErZMAyS0VfdqejVNROcn3W_b4hJ0zbjBmPxOyRmAxlMxex_QfUpkuRISHGNO1_3BKIlZg7BxzXJCCXFQnwkK4hgPURym0Kp2G4M1BqQjFDQkmbZQfZpLqTsW39qZkNcG5Nyed2dOAgFL47neff986f71e3i7tuXr6ubu4Vpq9bFUnK4Zoo7KpCN1vFhHAVIwXrJOOMDwqg4OqGkAy6sUXZgQglnlZEGwYjz7uPBu53HCa3BWDMEvc1-grzXCbz-txP9Rq_TTjO67OWSyWZ4fzTk9HPGUvXki8EQIGJ7m-aqV-2TlVQNvTygJqdSMrqnOYzqP8HpFpw-Btfot89Xe2L_xtSAdwcgzdv_mh4B9y-mmw</recordid><startdate>20230101</startdate><enddate>20230101</enddate><creator>de Souza, Taiana Cortez</creator><creator>Pinto, Luis Fernando Batista</creator><creator>da Cruz, Valdecy Aparecida Rocha</creator><creator>de Oliveira, Hinayah Rojas</creator><creator>Pedrosa, Victor Breno</creator><creator>Oliveira, Gerson A</creator><creator>Miglior, Filippo</creator><creator>Schenkel, Flávio S</creator><creator>Brito, Luiz F</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>TOX</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5819-0922</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230101</creationdate><title>A comprehensive characterization of longevity and culling reasons in Canadian Holstein cattle based on various systematic factors</title><author>de Souza, Taiana Cortez ; Pinto, Luis Fernando Batista ; da Cruz, Valdecy Aparecida Rocha ; de Oliveira, Hinayah Rojas ; Pedrosa, Victor Breno ; Oliveira, Gerson A ; Miglior, Filippo ; Schenkel, Flávio S ; Brito, Luiz F</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c413t-562a4182f03e1bdf29bb3a6317612129eab82ef386fa23dc8d91383fd8c6ceac3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Animal Genetics and Genomics</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>de Souza, Taiana Cortez</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pinto, Luis Fernando Batista</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>da Cruz, Valdecy Aparecida Rocha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Oliveira, Hinayah Rojas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pedrosa, Victor Breno</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oliveira, Gerson A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miglior, Filippo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schenkel, Flávio S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brito, Luiz F</creatorcontrib><collection>Oxford Journals Open Access Collection</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Translational animal science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>de Souza, Taiana Cortez</au><au>Pinto, Luis Fernando Batista</au><au>da Cruz, Valdecy Aparecida Rocha</au><au>de Oliveira, Hinayah Rojas</au><au>Pedrosa, Victor Breno</au><au>Oliveira, Gerson A</au><au>Miglior, Filippo</au><au>Schenkel, Flávio S</au><au>Brito, Luiz F</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A comprehensive characterization of longevity and culling reasons in Canadian Holstein cattle based on various systematic factors</atitle><jtitle>Translational animal science</jtitle><addtitle>Transl Anim Sci</addtitle><date>2023-01-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>7</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>txad102</spage><pages>txad102-</pages><issn>2573-2102</issn><eissn>2573-2102</eissn><abstract>Abstract
The decision of premature culling cows directly impacts the profitability of dairy farms. A comprehensive characterization of the primary causes of culling reasons would greatly improve both management and selection objectives in dairy cattle breeding programs. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the temporal frequencies of 34 culling reasons in Canadian Holstein cows. After data editing and quality control, records from 3,096,872 cows culled from 9,683 herds spread across Canada were used for the analyses covering the periods from 1996 to 2020. Reproductive issues were the main culling reason accounting for 23.02%, followed by milk production (20.82%), health (20.39%), conformation problems (13.69%), economic factors (13.10%), accidents (5.67%), age-related causes (1.67%), and workability (1.63%). Nearly fifty-eight percent of cows were culled after 47 months of age. The observed frequencies of culling due to economic factors were lower than expected from 1996 to 2014 and higher than expected between 2015 and 2020. Reproduction issues had the highest culling frequencies during fall (24.54%), winter (24.02%), and spring (22.51%), while health issues were the most frequent (22.51%) culling reason in the summer season. Health issues (25.50%) and milk production (27.71%) were the most frequent culling reasons in the provinces of Quebec and Ontario, respectively. Reproductive issues showed the highest frequency across climates based on the Köppen climate classification, except for Csb (Dry-summer subtropical or Mediterranean climate) and Bsk (Middle latitude steppe climate), which correspond to small regions in Canada, where production was the most frequent culling reason (29.42% and 21.56%, respectively). Reproductive and milk performance issues were the two main culling reasons in most ecozones, except in Boreal Shield and Atlantic Marine, where health issues had the highest frequencies (25.12 and 23.75%, respectively). These results will contribute to improving management practices and selective decisions to reduce involuntary culling of Holstein cows.
A detailed characterization of the primary causes of culling reasons in dairy cattle is paramount for improving management and the definition of longevity traits for refining selection indexes in dairy cattle breeding programs. In this study, we investigated the temporal frequencies of 34 culling reasons in Canadian Holstein cows and analyzed the main factors associated with their incidence.
Lay Summary
Involuntary culling of cows has a direct impact on the profitability of dairy farms. Understanding the main causes of culling is important for effective management and selection decisions in dairy cattle breeding programs. This study analyzed the frequencies of 34 culling reasons in Canadian Holstein cows over a 25-year period, which included over 3 million culling records. Reproductive problems were the main cause of culling, followed by milk production, health problems, conformation issues, economic factors, accidents, age-related issues, and workability. Economic culling frequencies varied over time, with lower-than-expected rates from 1996 to 2014 and higher-than-expected rates between 2015 and 2020. Reproductive problems were more common in the fall, winter, and spring, while health problems were more common in the summer. The most prevalent reasons for culling differed across provinces, with health issues were more prevalent in Quebec and milk production in Ontario. These findings will inform better management practices and contribute to selective decisions to reduce involuntary culling and improve the overall productivity and sustainability of dairy production.</abstract><cop>US</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>37841322</pmid><doi>10.1093/tas/txad102</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5819-0922</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animal Genetics and Genomics |
| title | A comprehensive characterization of longevity and culling reasons in Canadian Holstein cattle based on various systematic factors |
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