Aflatoxins in food products consumed in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A preliminary dietary risk assessment
Aflatoxins (AFs) are hepatotoxic, mutagenic, genotoxic, and immunosuppressive toxins. Several food commodities consumed in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) are susceptible to AF contamination because of improper storage practices and the warm and humid climate of the country. Therefore, the occurre...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Food Science & Nutrition 2023-10, Vol.11 (10), p.5948-5958 |
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| creator | Alamir, Jumanah Almaiman, Lama Alrujib, Yasser Alhamidi, Rayan Alowais, Bandar Alhussain, Saqer Aldakheelallah, Abdullah Alkhalaf, Majid Bineid, Mohammed |
| description | Aflatoxins (AFs) are hepatotoxic, mutagenic, genotoxic, and immunosuppressive toxins. Several food commodities consumed in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) are susceptible to AF contamination because of improper storage practices and the warm and humid climate of the country. Therefore, the occurrence of AFs in 2388 food samples was measured and the estimated daily intake (EDI) of AFs in Saudi adults was assessed. The risks of AFB
exposure were characterized using the margin of exposure (MoE) approach and by estimating the number of possible hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases in the KSA. The results revealed that 12.1% of the analyzed samples were contaminated with AFs and the highest concentration of total AFs was observed in the nut and seed group. The mean EDI of AFB
was estimated to be 0.21 and 0.55 ng/kg body weight (bw)/day for the lower bound (LB) and upper bound (UB) scenarios, respectively. The MoEs were estimated to be 1902.4 and 722.1, while the estimated liver cancer risk ranged from 0.002 to 0.008 cancer cases/year/100,000 persons. Based on the study's findings, contamination with AFs in the KSA is low; however, AFs are considered potent genotoxic contaminants, and therefore, exposure through food should be kept as low as possible. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/fsn3.3526 |
| format | Article |
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exposure were characterized using the margin of exposure (MoE) approach and by estimating the number of possible hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases in the KSA. The results revealed that 12.1% of the analyzed samples were contaminated with AFs and the highest concentration of total AFs was observed in the nut and seed group. The mean EDI of AFB
was estimated to be 0.21 and 0.55 ng/kg body weight (bw)/day for the lower bound (LB) and upper bound (UB) scenarios, respectively. The MoEs were estimated to be 1902.4 and 722.1, while the estimated liver cancer risk ranged from 0.002 to 0.008 cancer cases/year/100,000 persons. Based on the study's findings, contamination with AFs in the KSA is low; however, AFs are considered potent genotoxic contaminants, and therefore, exposure through food should be kept as low as possible.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2048-7177</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2048-7177</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3526</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37823116</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: John Wiley & Sons, Inc</publisher><subject>Aflatoxins ; Body weight ; Cancer ; Carcinogens ; Cereals ; Commodities ; Contaminants ; Contamination ; Dietary restrictions ; Exposure ; Food ; Food contamination ; Food contamination & poisoning ; Food products ; Food safety ; Genotoxicity ; Grain ; Health aspects ; Health risks ; Hepatocellular carcinoma ; Humid climates ; International organizations ; Laboratories ; Legumes ; Liver cancer ; Lower bounds ; Nuts ; Oncology, Experimental ; Original ; Preventive maintenance ; Quality control ; Reference materials ; Regulatory agencies ; Risk assessment ; Standardization ; Toxins ; Upper bounds</subject><ispartof>Food Science & Nutrition, 2023-10, Vol.11 (10), p.5948-5958</ispartof><rights>2023 The Authors. Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2023 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</rights><rights>2023. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2023 The Authors. published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c471t-ebc500d4c2f502c2b50f2ea7a528190d88d4372f0546d4464611d8571c8cbe993</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c471t-ebc500d4c2f502c2b50f2ea7a528190d88d4372f0546d4464611d8571c8cbe993</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-5896-1072</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10563739/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10563739/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37823116$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Alamir, Jumanah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Almaiman, Lama</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alrujib, Yasser</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alhamidi, Rayan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alowais, Bandar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alhussain, Saqer</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aldakheelallah, Abdullah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alkhalaf, Majid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bineid, Mohammed</creatorcontrib><title>Aflatoxins in food products consumed in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A preliminary dietary risk assessment</title><title>Food Science & Nutrition</title><addtitle>Food Sci Nutr</addtitle><description>Aflatoxins (AFs) are hepatotoxic, mutagenic, genotoxic, and immunosuppressive toxins. Several food commodities consumed in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) are susceptible to AF contamination because of improper storage practices and the warm and humid climate of the country. Therefore, the occurrence of AFs in 2388 food samples was measured and the estimated daily intake (EDI) of AFs in Saudi adults was assessed. The risks of AFB
exposure were characterized using the margin of exposure (MoE) approach and by estimating the number of possible hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases in the KSA. The results revealed that 12.1% of the analyzed samples were contaminated with AFs and the highest concentration of total AFs was observed in the nut and seed group. The mean EDI of AFB
was estimated to be 0.21 and 0.55 ng/kg body weight (bw)/day for the lower bound (LB) and upper bound (UB) scenarios, respectively. The MoEs were estimated to be 1902.4 and 722.1, while the estimated liver cancer risk ranged from 0.002 to 0.008 cancer cases/year/100,000 persons. Based on the study's findings, contamination with AFs in the KSA is low; however, AFs are considered potent genotoxic contaminants, and therefore, exposure through food should be kept as low as possible.</description><subject>Aflatoxins</subject><subject>Body weight</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Carcinogens</subject><subject>Cereals</subject><subject>Commodities</subject><subject>Contaminants</subject><subject>Contamination</subject><subject>Dietary restrictions</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>Food contamination</subject><subject>Food contamination & poisoning</subject><subject>Food products</subject><subject>Food safety</subject><subject>Genotoxicity</subject><subject>Grain</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Hepatocellular carcinoma</subject><subject>Humid climates</subject><subject>International organizations</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Legumes</subject><subject>Liver cancer</subject><subject>Lower bounds</subject><subject>Nuts</subject><subject>Oncology, Experimental</subject><subject>Original</subject><subject>Preventive maintenance</subject><subject>Quality control</subject><subject>Reference materials</subject><subject>Regulatory agencies</subject><subject>Risk assessment</subject><subject>Standardization</subject><subject>Toxins</subject><subject>Upper 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of Saudi Arabia: A preliminary dietary risk assessment</title><author>Alamir, Jumanah ; Almaiman, Lama ; Alrujib, Yasser ; Alhamidi, Rayan ; Alowais, Bandar ; Alhussain, Saqer ; Aldakheelallah, Abdullah ; Alkhalaf, Majid ; Bineid, Mohammed</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c471t-ebc500d4c2f502c2b50f2ea7a528190d88d4372f0546d4464611d8571c8cbe993</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Aflatoxins</topic><topic>Body weight</topic><topic>Cancer</topic><topic>Carcinogens</topic><topic>Cereals</topic><topic>Commodities</topic><topic>Contaminants</topic><topic>Contamination</topic><topic>Dietary restrictions</topic><topic>Exposure</topic><topic>Food</topic><topic>Food contamination</topic><topic>Food contamination & poisoning</topic><topic>Food products</topic><topic>Food safety</topic><topic>Genotoxicity</topic><topic>Grain</topic><topic>Health 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(Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Food Science & Nutrition</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Alamir, Jumanah</au><au>Almaiman, Lama</au><au>Alrujib, Yasser</au><au>Alhamidi, Rayan</au><au>Alowais, Bandar</au><au>Alhussain, Saqer</au><au>Aldakheelallah, Abdullah</au><au>Alkhalaf, Majid</au><au>Bineid, Mohammed</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Aflatoxins in food products consumed in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A preliminary dietary risk assessment</atitle><jtitle>Food Science & Nutrition</jtitle><addtitle>Food Sci Nutr</addtitle><date>2023-10-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>5948</spage><epage>5958</epage><pages>5948-5958</pages><issn>2048-7177</issn><eissn>2048-7177</eissn><abstract>Aflatoxins (AFs) are hepatotoxic, mutagenic, genotoxic, and immunosuppressive toxins. Several food commodities consumed in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) are susceptible to AF contamination because of improper storage practices and the warm and humid climate of the country. Therefore, the occurrence of AFs in 2388 food samples was measured and the estimated daily intake (EDI) of AFs in Saudi adults was assessed. The risks of AFB
exposure were characterized using the margin of exposure (MoE) approach and by estimating the number of possible hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases in the KSA. The results revealed that 12.1% of the analyzed samples were contaminated with AFs and the highest concentration of total AFs was observed in the nut and seed group. The mean EDI of AFB
was estimated to be 0.21 and 0.55 ng/kg body weight (bw)/day for the lower bound (LB) and upper bound (UB) scenarios, respectively. The MoEs were estimated to be 1902.4 and 722.1, while the estimated liver cancer risk ranged from 0.002 to 0.008 cancer cases/year/100,000 persons. Based on the study's findings, contamination with AFs in the KSA is low; however, AFs are considered potent genotoxic contaminants, and therefore, exposure through food should be kept as low as possible.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</pub><pmid>37823116</pmid><doi>10.1002/fsn3.3526</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5896-1072</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Aflatoxins Body weight Cancer Carcinogens Cereals Commodities Contaminants Contamination Dietary restrictions Exposure Food Food contamination Food contamination & poisoning Food products Food safety Genotoxicity Grain Health aspects Health risks Hepatocellular carcinoma Humid climates International organizations Laboratories Legumes Liver cancer Lower bounds Nuts Oncology, Experimental Original Preventive maintenance Quality control Reference materials Regulatory agencies Risk assessment Standardization Toxins Upper bounds |
| title | Aflatoxins in food products consumed in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A preliminary dietary risk assessment |
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