Granzyme B Expression in the Tumor Microenvironment as a Prognostic Biomarker for Patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment are important in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Cytotoxic T cells produce cytokines and cytotoxic factors, such as perforin and granzyme, which induce apoptosis by damaging target cells. To identify biomarkers of th...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Cancers 2023-09, Vol.15 (18), p.4456 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 18 |
| container_start_page | 4456 |
| container_title | Cancers |
| container_volume | 15 |
| creator | Mizoguchi, Kimihisa Kawaji, Hitomi Kai, Masaya Morisaki, Takafumi Hayashi, Saori Takao, Yuka Yamada, Mai Shimazaki, Akiko Osako, Tomofumi Arima, Nobuyuki Okido, Masayuki Oda, Yoshinao Nakamura, Masafumi Kubo, Makoto |
| description | Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment are important in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Cytotoxic T cells produce cytokines and cytotoxic factors, such as perforin and granzyme, which induce apoptosis by damaging target cells. To identify biomarkers of these cells, we investigated granzyme B (GZMB) in the tumor microenvironment as a biomarker of treatment response and prognosis in 230 patients with primary TNBC who underwent surgery without preoperative chemotherapy between January 2004 and December 2014. Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) positivity was defined as a composite positive score ≥10 based on the PD-L1 immunostaining of tumor cells and immune cells. GZMB-high was defined as positivity in ≥1% of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Among the 230 TNBC patients, 117 (50.9%) had CD8-positive infiltrating tumors. In the PD-L1-positive group, a Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that GZMB-high TNBC patients had better recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) than GZMB-low patients and that OS was significantly longer (RFS:
= 0.0220, OS:
= 0.0254). A multivariate analysis also showed significantly better OS in PD-L1- and GZMB-high patients (hazard ratio: 0.25 (95% IC: 0.07-0.88),
= 0.03). Our findings indicate that GZMB is a useful prognostic biomarker in PD-L1-positive TNBC patients. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/cancers15184456 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_10526301</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A766927813</galeid><sourcerecordid>A766927813</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c489t-210a959197ebd72a782b292ce15e487655580528ef6a1f7599fe28b56baeffc13</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNptkk1vEzEQhlcIRKvSMzdkiQuXtP5Yf51QG5WCVKCHcLa8zjhx2bWDvRsoEv8dh5bSVtgHW-Nn3pnxTNO8JPiIMY2PnY0OciGcqLbl4kmzT7GkMyF0-_Tefa85LOUK18UYkUI-b_aYlAK3tN1vfp1nG39eD4BO0dmPTYZSQoooRDSuAS2mIWX0MbicIG5DTnGAOCJbkEWXOa1iKmNw6DSkweavkJGv-KUdQ6UK-h7GNVrksOlh9glW1bytYTLYMqL5n9xfNM-87Qsc3p4HzZd3Z4v5-9nF5_MP85OLmWuVHmeUYKu5JlpCt5TUSkU7qqkDwqFVUnDOFeZUgReWeMm19kBVx0VnwXtH2EHz9kZ3M3UDLF1NL9vebHKoeV-bZIN5-BLD2qzS1pAqKxjeKby5Vcjp2wRlNEMoDvreRkhTMVRJTFrdElnR14_QqzTlWOurlNBUMcLxP2plezAh-lQDu52oOZG1bVQqwip19B-q7iUMwaUIPlT7A4fjG4faslIy-LsiCTa7qTGPpqZ6vLr_N3f83xlhvwGBZ77t</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2869283150</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Granzyme B Expression in the Tumor Microenvironment as a Prognostic Biomarker for Patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer</title><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><source>MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Mizoguchi, Kimihisa ; Kawaji, Hitomi ; Kai, Masaya ; Morisaki, Takafumi ; Hayashi, Saori ; Takao, Yuka ; Yamada, Mai ; Shimazaki, Akiko ; Osako, Tomofumi ; Arima, Nobuyuki ; Okido, Masayuki ; Oda, Yoshinao ; Nakamura, Masafumi ; Kubo, Makoto</creator><creatorcontrib>Mizoguchi, Kimihisa ; Kawaji, Hitomi ; Kai, Masaya ; Morisaki, Takafumi ; Hayashi, Saori ; Takao, Yuka ; Yamada, Mai ; Shimazaki, Akiko ; Osako, Tomofumi ; Arima, Nobuyuki ; Okido, Masayuki ; Oda, Yoshinao ; Nakamura, Masafumi ; Kubo, Makoto</creatorcontrib><description>Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment are important in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Cytotoxic T cells produce cytokines and cytotoxic factors, such as perforin and granzyme, which induce apoptosis by damaging target cells. To identify biomarkers of these cells, we investigated granzyme B (GZMB) in the tumor microenvironment as a biomarker of treatment response and prognosis in 230 patients with primary TNBC who underwent surgery without preoperative chemotherapy between January 2004 and December 2014. Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) positivity was defined as a composite positive score ≥10 based on the PD-L1 immunostaining of tumor cells and immune cells. GZMB-high was defined as positivity in ≥1% of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Among the 230 TNBC patients, 117 (50.9%) had CD8-positive infiltrating tumors. In the PD-L1-positive group, a Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that GZMB-high TNBC patients had better recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) than GZMB-low patients and that OS was significantly longer (RFS:
= 0.0220, OS:
= 0.0254). A multivariate analysis also showed significantly better OS in PD-L1- and GZMB-high patients (hazard ratio: 0.25 (95% IC: 0.07-0.88),
= 0.03). Our findings indicate that GZMB is a useful prognostic biomarker in PD-L1-positive TNBC patients.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2072-6694</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2072-6694</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184456</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37760424</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Antibodies ; Apoptosis ; Biomarkers ; Breast cancer ; Cancer ; Cancer therapies ; CD8 antigen ; Cell death ; Chemotherapy ; Communication ; Cytotoxic factors ; Cytotoxicity ; Gene amplification ; Granzyme B ; Health aspects ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immunotherapy ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphocytes T ; Medical prognosis ; Multivariate analysis ; Patients ; PD-L1 protein ; Perforin ; Prognosis ; T cells ; Tumor cells ; Tumor microenvironment ; Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes ; Tumors</subject><ispartof>Cancers, 2023-09, Vol.15 (18), p.4456</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2023 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2023 by the authors. 2023</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c489t-210a959197ebd72a782b292ce15e487655580528ef6a1f7599fe28b56baeffc13</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c489t-210a959197ebd72a782b292ce15e487655580528ef6a1f7599fe28b56baeffc13</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-6000-8731 ; 0000-0002-0084-5500 ; 0000-0003-4053-654X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10526301/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10526301/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37760424$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mizoguchi, Kimihisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kawaji, Hitomi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kai, Masaya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morisaki, Takafumi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hayashi, Saori</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Takao, Yuka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yamada, Mai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shimazaki, Akiko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Osako, Tomofumi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arima, Nobuyuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Okido, Masayuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oda, Yoshinao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakamura, Masafumi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kubo, Makoto</creatorcontrib><title>Granzyme B Expression in the Tumor Microenvironment as a Prognostic Biomarker for Patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer</title><title>Cancers</title><addtitle>Cancers (Basel)</addtitle><description>Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment are important in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Cytotoxic T cells produce cytokines and cytotoxic factors, such as perforin and granzyme, which induce apoptosis by damaging target cells. To identify biomarkers of these cells, we investigated granzyme B (GZMB) in the tumor microenvironment as a biomarker of treatment response and prognosis in 230 patients with primary TNBC who underwent surgery without preoperative chemotherapy between January 2004 and December 2014. Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) positivity was defined as a composite positive score ≥10 based on the PD-L1 immunostaining of tumor cells and immune cells. GZMB-high was defined as positivity in ≥1% of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Among the 230 TNBC patients, 117 (50.9%) had CD8-positive infiltrating tumors. In the PD-L1-positive group, a Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that GZMB-high TNBC patients had better recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) than GZMB-low patients and that OS was significantly longer (RFS:
= 0.0220, OS:
= 0.0254). A multivariate analysis also showed significantly better OS in PD-L1- and GZMB-high patients (hazard ratio: 0.25 (95% IC: 0.07-0.88),
= 0.03). Our findings indicate that GZMB is a useful prognostic biomarker in PD-L1-positive TNBC patients.</description><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Antibodies</subject><subject>Apoptosis</subject><subject>Biomarkers</subject><subject>Breast cancer</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Cancer therapies</subject><subject>CD8 antigen</subject><subject>Cell death</subject><subject>Chemotherapy</subject><subject>Communication</subject><subject>Cytotoxic factors</subject><subject>Cytotoxicity</subject><subject>Gene amplification</subject><subject>Granzyme B</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Immunohistochemistry</subject><subject>Immunotherapy</subject><subject>Lymphocytes</subject><subject>Lymphocytes T</subject><subject>Medical prognosis</subject><subject>Multivariate analysis</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>PD-L1 protein</subject><subject>Perforin</subject><subject>Prognosis</subject><subject>T cells</subject><subject>Tumor cells</subject><subject>Tumor microenvironment</subject><subject>Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes</subject><subject>Tumors</subject><issn>2072-6694</issn><issn>2072-6694</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNptkk1vEzEQhlcIRKvSMzdkiQuXtP5Yf51QG5WCVKCHcLa8zjhx2bWDvRsoEv8dh5bSVtgHW-Nn3pnxTNO8JPiIMY2PnY0OciGcqLbl4kmzT7GkMyF0-_Tefa85LOUK18UYkUI-b_aYlAK3tN1vfp1nG39eD4BO0dmPTYZSQoooRDSuAS2mIWX0MbicIG5DTnGAOCJbkEWXOa1iKmNw6DSkweavkJGv-KUdQ6UK-h7GNVrksOlh9glW1bytYTLYMqL5n9xfNM-87Qsc3p4HzZd3Z4v5-9nF5_MP85OLmWuVHmeUYKu5JlpCt5TUSkU7qqkDwqFVUnDOFeZUgReWeMm19kBVx0VnwXtH2EHz9kZ3M3UDLF1NL9vebHKoeV-bZIN5-BLD2qzS1pAqKxjeKby5Vcjp2wRlNEMoDvreRkhTMVRJTFrdElnR14_QqzTlWOurlNBUMcLxP2plezAh-lQDu52oOZG1bVQqwip19B-q7iUMwaUIPlT7A4fjG4faslIy-LsiCTa7qTGPpqZ6vLr_N3f83xlhvwGBZ77t</recordid><startdate>20230907</startdate><enddate>20230907</enddate><creator>Mizoguchi, Kimihisa</creator><creator>Kawaji, Hitomi</creator><creator>Kai, Masaya</creator><creator>Morisaki, Takafumi</creator><creator>Hayashi, Saori</creator><creator>Takao, Yuka</creator><creator>Yamada, Mai</creator><creator>Shimazaki, Akiko</creator><creator>Osako, Tomofumi</creator><creator>Arima, Nobuyuki</creator><creator>Okido, Masayuki</creator><creator>Oda, Yoshinao</creator><creator>Nakamura, Masafumi</creator><creator>Kubo, Makoto</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6000-8731</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0084-5500</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4053-654X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230907</creationdate><title>Granzyme B Expression in the Tumor Microenvironment as a Prognostic Biomarker for Patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer</title><author>Mizoguchi, Kimihisa ; Kawaji, Hitomi ; Kai, Masaya ; Morisaki, Takafumi ; Hayashi, Saori ; Takao, Yuka ; Yamada, Mai ; Shimazaki, Akiko ; Osako, Tomofumi ; Arima, Nobuyuki ; Okido, Masayuki ; Oda, Yoshinao ; Nakamura, Masafumi ; Kubo, Makoto</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c489t-210a959197ebd72a782b292ce15e487655580528ef6a1f7599fe28b56baeffc13</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Antibodies</topic><topic>Apoptosis</topic><topic>Biomarkers</topic><topic>Breast cancer</topic><topic>Cancer</topic><topic>Cancer therapies</topic><topic>CD8 antigen</topic><topic>Cell death</topic><topic>Chemotherapy</topic><topic>Communication</topic><topic>Cytotoxic factors</topic><topic>Cytotoxicity</topic><topic>Gene amplification</topic><topic>Granzyme B</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Immunohistochemistry</topic><topic>Immunotherapy</topic><topic>Lymphocytes</topic><topic>Lymphocytes T</topic><topic>Medical prognosis</topic><topic>Multivariate analysis</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>PD-L1 protein</topic><topic>Perforin</topic><topic>Prognosis</topic><topic>T cells</topic><topic>Tumor cells</topic><topic>Tumor microenvironment</topic><topic>Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes</topic><topic>Tumors</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Mizoguchi, Kimihisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kawaji, Hitomi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kai, Masaya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morisaki, Takafumi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hayashi, Saori</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Takao, Yuka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yamada, Mai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shimazaki, Akiko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Osako, Tomofumi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arima, Nobuyuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Okido, Masayuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oda, Yoshinao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakamura, Masafumi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kubo, Makoto</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Cancers</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Mizoguchi, Kimihisa</au><au>Kawaji, Hitomi</au><au>Kai, Masaya</au><au>Morisaki, Takafumi</au><au>Hayashi, Saori</au><au>Takao, Yuka</au><au>Yamada, Mai</au><au>Shimazaki, Akiko</au><au>Osako, Tomofumi</au><au>Arima, Nobuyuki</au><au>Okido, Masayuki</au><au>Oda, Yoshinao</au><au>Nakamura, Masafumi</au><au>Kubo, Makoto</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Granzyme B Expression in the Tumor Microenvironment as a Prognostic Biomarker for Patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer</atitle><jtitle>Cancers</jtitle><addtitle>Cancers (Basel)</addtitle><date>2023-09-07</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>18</issue><spage>4456</spage><pages>4456-</pages><issn>2072-6694</issn><eissn>2072-6694</eissn><abstract>Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment are important in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Cytotoxic T cells produce cytokines and cytotoxic factors, such as perforin and granzyme, which induce apoptosis by damaging target cells. To identify biomarkers of these cells, we investigated granzyme B (GZMB) in the tumor microenvironment as a biomarker of treatment response and prognosis in 230 patients with primary TNBC who underwent surgery without preoperative chemotherapy between January 2004 and December 2014. Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) positivity was defined as a composite positive score ≥10 based on the PD-L1 immunostaining of tumor cells and immune cells. GZMB-high was defined as positivity in ≥1% of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Among the 230 TNBC patients, 117 (50.9%) had CD8-positive infiltrating tumors. In the PD-L1-positive group, a Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that GZMB-high TNBC patients had better recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) than GZMB-low patients and that OS was significantly longer (RFS:
= 0.0220, OS:
= 0.0254). A multivariate analysis also showed significantly better OS in PD-L1- and GZMB-high patients (hazard ratio: 0.25 (95% IC: 0.07-0.88),
= 0.03). Our findings indicate that GZMB is a useful prognostic biomarker in PD-L1-positive TNBC patients.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>37760424</pmid><doi>10.3390/cancers15184456</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6000-8731</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0084-5500</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4053-654X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 2072-6694 |
| ispartof | Cancers, 2023-09, Vol.15 (18), p.4456 |
| issn | 2072-6694 2072-6694 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_10526301 |
| source | PubMed Central Open Access; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Analysis Antibodies Apoptosis Biomarkers Breast cancer Cancer Cancer therapies CD8 antigen Cell death Chemotherapy Communication Cytotoxic factors Cytotoxicity Gene amplification Granzyme B Health aspects Immunohistochemistry Immunotherapy Lymphocytes Lymphocytes T Medical prognosis Multivariate analysis Patients PD-L1 protein Perforin Prognosis T cells Tumor cells Tumor microenvironment Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes Tumors |
| title | Granzyme B Expression in the Tumor Microenvironment as a Prognostic Biomarker for Patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-30T23%3A10%3A13IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Granzyme%20B%20Expression%20in%20the%20Tumor%20Microenvironment%20as%20a%20Prognostic%20Biomarker%20for%20Patients%20with%20Triple-Negative%20Breast%20Cancer&rft.jtitle=Cancers&rft.au=Mizoguchi,%20Kimihisa&rft.date=2023-09-07&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=4456&rft.pages=4456-&rft.issn=2072-6694&rft.eissn=2072-6694&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390/cancers15184456&rft_dat=%3Cgale_pubme%3EA766927813%3C/gale_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2869283150&rft_id=info:pmid/37760424&rft_galeid=A766927813&rfr_iscdi=true |