Apolipoprotein M gene polymorphisms in childhood-onset type 1 diabetes in southern Brazil

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), associated with autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells, is observed in children and adolescents. We investigated the potential association of the apolipoprotein M ( ) polymorphisms rs707921, rs805264, rs805296, rs805297, and rs9404941 in childhood-onset T1DM ( = 144) and compared them to those in healthy (mostly Euro-Brazilian) children ( = 168). This project was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Parana (CAAE 24676613.6.0000.0102). Genotyping was performed using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rs805296 and rs9404941) and TaqMan probes (rs707921, rs805264, and rs805297). All polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. In the codominant model, no significant differences ( > 0.05) were observed in genotype and allele frequencies between healthy controls and children with T1DM. The minor allele frequencies (95% CI) for healthy subjects were rs707921 (A, 10.7%; 7-14%), rs805264 (A, 6.5%; 4-9%), rs805296 (C, 3.6%; 2-6%), rs805297 (A, 22.6%; 22-31%), and rs9404941 (C, 2.7%; 1-4%). The frequencies of the rs805297 A allele and rs805296 C allele were similar to those of other Caucasian populations; both the rs707921 and rs805264 A alleles were similar to American and Latin American populations, whereas that of the rs9404941 C allele was lower than that observed in the Caucasian and Asian populations. Haplotype analysis suggests that rs805297-C, rs9404941-T, rs805296-T, rs805264-G, and rs707921-C conferred risk (OR: 4.25; 95% CI: 1.81-10.1) to childhood-onset T1DM in the Euro-Brazilian population.