Studies on the Effect of the Addition of Nano-Spherical Particles of Aluminum on the Thermal, Mechanical, and Morphological Properties of PBT–PET Blend Composites
In previous works, we had found that the addition of micron-sized, irregular-shaped aluminum (Al) powder, or Al nano platelets (flakes), improved the mechanical properties of polyesters, and that, additionally, the flakes led to an increase in electrical conductivity. The aim of this work was to exa...
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description | In previous works, we had found that the addition of micron-sized, irregular-shaped aluminum (Al) powder, or Al nano platelets (flakes), improved the mechanical properties of polyesters, and that, additionally, the flakes led to an increase in electrical conductivity. The aim of this work was to examine the effect of nano-spherical particles of aluminum in a 60/40 PBT/PET polyester blend. A blend was used because it can help with the formation of a segregated network of metal particles that allows electrical conductivity at low loading. The notched Izod impact of Al nano-spherical composites increased with nano Al content up to an addition level of 2 vol.%. However, the tensile strength and flexural strength decreased gradually with increasing filler loading. Thus, the spherical shape and nano size of the Al particle caused it to be less effective than the micron-sized, irregular-shaped Al powder, or the Al flakes. The reason for this is that, while nano spherical particles have high surface area for bonding with the matrix, the Al–Al aggregation stands in the way of wetting by the polymer melt, whereas aggregation in flakes does not cause as much of a problem. The segregated network structure to enhance electrical conductivity did not form in this blend system with nano spherical particles. The nano-spherical Al acted as a nucleating agent but did not cause transesterification between the two polyesters or make it more susceptible to degradation. |
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The aim of this work was to examine the effect of nano-spherical particles of aluminum in a 60/40 PBT/PET polyester blend. A blend was used because it can help with the formation of a segregated network of metal particles that allows electrical conductivity at low loading. The notched Izod impact of Al nano-spherical composites increased with nano Al content up to an addition level of 2 vol.%. However, the tensile strength and flexural strength decreased gradually with increasing filler loading. Thus, the spherical shape and nano size of the Al particle caused it to be less effective than the micron-sized, irregular-shaped Al powder, or the Al flakes. The reason for this is that, while nano spherical particles have high surface area for bonding with the matrix, the Al–Al aggregation stands in the way of wetting by the polymer melt, whereas aggregation in flakes does not cause as much of a problem. The segregated network structure to enhance electrical conductivity did not form in this blend system with nano spherical particles. The nano-spherical Al acted as a nucleating agent but did not cause transesterification between the two polyesters or make it more susceptible to degradation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4360</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4360</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/polym15173625</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37688251</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Aluminum ; Composite materials ; Crystallization ; Electrical resistivity ; Electron microscopes ; Flakes ; Flexural strength ; Heat conductivity ; High density polyethylenes ; Impact tests ; Injection molding ; Mechanical properties ; Metal particles ; Morphology ; Nanoparticles ; Particle size ; Polybutylene terephthalate ; Polyester resins ; Polyethylene terephthalate ; Polymers ; Spectrum analysis ; Structure ; Tensile strength ; Thermal properties ; Transesterification</subject><ispartof>Polymers, 2023-09, Vol.15 (17), p.3625</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2023 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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The segregated network structure to enhance electrical conductivity did not form in this blend system with nano spherical particles. The nano-spherical Al acted as a nucleating agent but did not cause transesterification between the two polyesters or make it more susceptible to degradation.</description><subject>Aluminum</subject><subject>Composite materials</subject><subject>Crystallization</subject><subject>Electrical resistivity</subject><subject>Electron microscopes</subject><subject>Flakes</subject><subject>Flexural strength</subject><subject>Heat conductivity</subject><subject>High density polyethylenes</subject><subject>Impact tests</subject><subject>Injection molding</subject><subject>Mechanical properties</subject><subject>Metal particles</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Nanoparticles</subject><subject>Particle size</subject><subject>Polybutylene terephthalate</subject><subject>Polyester resins</subject><subject>Polyethylene terephthalate</subject><subject>Polymers</subject><subject>Spectrum analysis</subject><subject>Structure</subject><subject>Tensile strength</subject><subject>Thermal properties</subject><subject>Transesterification</subject><issn>2073-4360</issn><issn>2073-4360</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNpdks1u3CAQgK2qVROlOfZuqZce4hQMxvhUbVbbHylpV8r2jDAe1kQYXLAj5dZ3yCvkyfokZeu0agoHGOabD5Amy15jdE5Ig96N3t4NuMI1YWX1LDsuUU0KShh6_s_-KDuN8QalQSvGcP0yOyI147ys8HH2cD3NnYGYe5dPPeQbrUFNude_o1XXmcmkVIq_SOeL67GHYJS0-VaGySh7qNT5ys6DcfPwx7JL1CDtWX4FqpfuUHCWS9flVz6Mvbd-vziCHyFpFsn2Yvfzx_12s8svLCR27YfRRzNBfJW90NJGOH1cT7JvHza79afi8uvHz-vVZaEoKaeixYSUvMFNUxLcAtNKSQyYko5UCrjGLSK6lZSXXCrFKNMlq3VXU9xSypkiJ9n7xTvO7QCdAjcFacUYzCDDnfDSiKcZZ3qx97cCI9ogwptkePtoCP77DHESg4kKrJUO_BxFyRkhCGGEEvrmP_TGz8Gl_x2ossaU1zxR5wu1lxaEcdqni1WaHQxGeQfapPNVzShlFWI4FRRLgQo-xgD67_MxEoemEU-ahvwCSxi13g</recordid><startdate>20230901</startdate><enddate>20230901</enddate><creator>Alhamidi, Abdullah</creator><creator>Anis, Arfat</creator><creator>Bashir, Zahir</creator><creator>Alam, Mohammad Asif</creator><creator>Al-Zahrani, Saeed M.</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9384-9067</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230901</creationdate><title>Studies on the Effect of the Addition of Nano-Spherical Particles of Aluminum on the Thermal, Mechanical, and Morphological Properties of PBT–PET Blend Composites</title><author>Alhamidi, Abdullah ; Anis, Arfat ; Bashir, Zahir ; Alam, Mohammad Asif ; Al-Zahrani, Saeed M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c432t-b133289199231be6fcca1e143d35ce8f1b03fba4828acc646f267fd741b4486c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Aluminum</topic><topic>Composite materials</topic><topic>Crystallization</topic><topic>Electrical resistivity</topic><topic>Electron microscopes</topic><topic>Flakes</topic><topic>Flexural strength</topic><topic>Heat conductivity</topic><topic>High density polyethylenes</topic><topic>Impact tests</topic><topic>Injection molding</topic><topic>Mechanical properties</topic><topic>Metal particles</topic><topic>Morphology</topic><topic>Nanoparticles</topic><topic>Particle size</topic><topic>Polybutylene terephthalate</topic><topic>Polyester resins</topic><topic>Polyethylene terephthalate</topic><topic>Polymers</topic><topic>Spectrum analysis</topic><topic>Structure</topic><topic>Tensile strength</topic><topic>Thermal properties</topic><topic>Transesterification</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Alhamidi, Abdullah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anis, Arfat</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bashir, Zahir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alam, Mohammad Asif</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Al-Zahrani, Saeed M.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Polymers</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Alhamidi, Abdullah</au><au>Anis, Arfat</au><au>Bashir, Zahir</au><au>Alam, Mohammad Asif</au><au>Al-Zahrani, Saeed M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Studies on the Effect of the Addition of Nano-Spherical Particles of Aluminum on the Thermal, Mechanical, and Morphological Properties of PBT–PET Blend Composites</atitle><jtitle>Polymers</jtitle><date>2023-09-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>17</issue><spage>3625</spage><pages>3625-</pages><issn>2073-4360</issn><eissn>2073-4360</eissn><abstract>In previous works, we had found that the addition of micron-sized, irregular-shaped aluminum (Al) powder, or Al nano platelets (flakes), improved the mechanical properties of polyesters, and that, additionally, the flakes led to an increase in electrical conductivity. The aim of this work was to examine the effect of nano-spherical particles of aluminum in a 60/40 PBT/PET polyester blend. A blend was used because it can help with the formation of a segregated network of metal particles that allows electrical conductivity at low loading. The notched Izod impact of Al nano-spherical composites increased with nano Al content up to an addition level of 2 vol.%. However, the tensile strength and flexural strength decreased gradually with increasing filler loading. Thus, the spherical shape and nano size of the Al particle caused it to be less effective than the micron-sized, irregular-shaped Al powder, or the Al flakes. The reason for this is that, while nano spherical particles have high surface area for bonding with the matrix, the Al–Al aggregation stands in the way of wetting by the polymer melt, whereas aggregation in flakes does not cause as much of a problem. The segregated network structure to enhance electrical conductivity did not form in this blend system with nano spherical particles. The nano-spherical Al acted as a nucleating agent but did not cause transesterification between the two polyesters or make it more susceptible to degradation.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>37688251</pmid><doi>10.3390/polym15173625</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9384-9067</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Aluminum Composite materials Crystallization Electrical resistivity Electron microscopes Flakes Flexural strength Heat conductivity High density polyethylenes Impact tests Injection molding Mechanical properties Metal particles Morphology Nanoparticles Particle size Polybutylene terephthalate Polyester resins Polyethylene terephthalate Polymers Spectrum analysis Structure Tensile strength Thermal properties Transesterification |
title | Studies on the Effect of the Addition of Nano-Spherical Particles of Aluminum on the Thermal, Mechanical, and Morphological Properties of PBT–PET Blend Composites |
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