Performance response of increasing the standardized ileal digestible tryptophan:lysine ratio in diets containing 40% dried distiller grains with solubles
Abstract A total of 1,170 pigs (PIC 800 × PIC, initially 38.6 kg) were used in a 98-d grow-finish study to determine the performance response of pigs fed increasing levels standardized ileal digestible (SID) Trp:Lys ratio in diets containing 40% dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS). Five die...
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A total of 1,170 pigs (PIC 800 × PIC, initially 38.6 kg) were used in a 98-d grow-finish study to determine the performance response of pigs fed increasing levels standardized ileal digestible (SID) Trp:Lys ratio in diets containing 40% dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS). Five dietary treatments were fed and consisted of a corn-soybean meal (SBM) diet or diets containing 40% DDGS with SID Trp:Lys ratios of 15%, 18%, 21%, or 24%. Each treatment was replicated 9 times and pens contained 26 pigs with the equal number of gilts and barrows. Data was analyzed as a randomized complete block design with previous nursery treatment as a random blocking factor. Pair-wise comparisons were used to evaluate the impact of diets on performance and carcass traits; specifically to compare the corn-SBM dietary treatment against other dietary treatments. Single degree of freedom orthogonal polynomials were used to evaluate the dose–response of increasing the SID Trp:Lys ratio in 40% DDGS diets. Increasing the SID Trp:Lys ratio in diets containing 40% DDGS increased (linear, P ≤ 0.02) average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), final body weight (BW), hot carcass weight (HCW), carcass gain, and daily carcass gain. Increasing the SID Trp:Lys ratio in 40% DDGS diets did not impact (P ≥ 0.65) gain to feed (G:F) for the cumulative period. Pigs fed the corn-SBM diet had greater (P ≤ 0.01) ADG and a heavier (P ≤ 0.01) final BW compared to pigs fed 40% DDGS diets, regardless of the SID Trp:Lys ratio. Diets that contained 40% DDGS with a SID Trp:Lys ratio of 24% had no difference (P|t| = 0.25) in ADFI compared to the corn-SBM dietary treatment. The cumulative G:F of pigs did not differ (P = 0.32) between pigs fed corn-SBM diets and diets containing 40% DDGS regardless of the SID Trp:Lys ratio. However, pigs receiving the corn-SBM diets had heavier HCW, greater carcass yields, total carcass gain, and daily carcass gain (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/jas/skad264 |
| format | Article |
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A total of 1,170 pigs (PIC 800 × PIC, initially 38.6 kg) were used in a 98-d grow-finish study to determine the performance response of pigs fed increasing levels standardized ileal digestible (SID) Trp:Lys ratio in diets containing 40% dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS). Five dietary treatments were fed and consisted of a corn-soybean meal (SBM) diet or diets containing 40% DDGS with SID Trp:Lys ratios of 15%, 18%, 21%, or 24%. Each treatment was replicated 9 times and pens contained 26 pigs with the equal number of gilts and barrows. Data was analyzed as a randomized complete block design with previous nursery treatment as a random blocking factor. Pair-wise comparisons were used to evaluate the impact of diets on performance and carcass traits; specifically to compare the corn-SBM dietary treatment against other dietary treatments. Single degree of freedom orthogonal polynomials were used to evaluate the dose–response of increasing the SID Trp:Lys ratio in 40% DDGS diets. Increasing the SID Trp:Lys ratio in diets containing 40% DDGS increased (linear, P ≤ 0.02) average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), final body weight (BW), hot carcass weight (HCW), carcass gain, and daily carcass gain. Increasing the SID Trp:Lys ratio in 40% DDGS diets did not impact (P ≥ 0.65) gain to feed (G:F) for the cumulative period. Pigs fed the corn-SBM diet had greater (P ≤ 0.01) ADG and a heavier (P ≤ 0.01) final BW compared to pigs fed 40% DDGS diets, regardless of the SID Trp:Lys ratio. Diets that contained 40% DDGS with a SID Trp:Lys ratio of 24% had no difference (P|t| = 0.25) in ADFI compared to the corn-SBM dietary treatment. The cumulative G:F of pigs did not differ (P = 0.32) between pigs fed corn-SBM diets and diets containing 40% DDGS regardless of the SID Trp:Lys ratio. However, pigs receiving the corn-SBM diets had heavier HCW, greater carcass yields, total carcass gain, and daily carcass gain (P < 0.01) compared to pigs fed the 40% DDGS diets regardless of SID Trp:Lys ratio. In conclusion, increasing the SID Trp:Lys ratio in 40% DDGS diets improved ADG and ADFI for the overall grow-finish period. However, when compared to a corn-SBM diet, increasing the SID Trp:Lys ratio in 40% DDGS diets did not correct the growth performance or carcass characteristics of pigs.
Increasing the standardized ileal digestible tryptophan to lysine ratio in diets containing 40% DDGS linearly increased pig growth rate and intake for the overall grow-finish period. However, pigs fed a standard corn soybean meal diet had a greater cumulative growth rate compared to diets containing 40% DDGS, regardless of tryptophan level.
Lay Summary
Corn by-products from the ethanol industry, such as dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), can be an economical feed ingredient in pig rations. However, when pigs are fed high dietary levels of DDGS, their growth performance can decrease. This decrease may be a result of the protein composition of the diet and more specifically the dietary amino acid composition. In the present study, the amino acid, tryptophan, was incrementally increased in diets containing 40% DDGS. The increase in dietary tryptophan resulted in increased pig feed intake and growth rate of pigs. These results suggest that increasing the dietary tryptophan level can help mitigate a portion of the decreased growth performance seen by pigs consuming higher dietary levels of DDGS. However, feeding 40% DDGS still resulted in a lower cumulative growth rate compared to a standard corn soybean meal diet. This indicates that other nutritional strategies are required to restore growth the performance of pigs fed 40% DDGS relative to a standard corn soybean meal diet, but increasing dietary tryptophan can help to partially restore growth performance.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-8812</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1525-3163</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad264</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37540508</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>US: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Animal Feed - analysis ; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Animals ; Blocking ; Body Composition - physiology ; Body weight ; Carcasses ; Corn ; Diet ; Diet - veterinary ; Female ; Glycine max ; Grain ; Lysine ; Non Ruminant Nutrition ; Polynomials ; Soybeans ; Sus scrofa ; Swine ; Tryptophan ; Vegetables ; Zea mays</subject><ispartof>Journal of animal science, 2023-01, Vol.101</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science. 2023</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c441t-7b5390d5af259f6bcf796d6d94a571659c4bd9b26e964b02cfa70aed4bd92d0d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c441t-7b5390d5af259f6bcf796d6d94a571659c4bd9b26e964b02cfa70aed4bd92d0d3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2257-8762</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10441588/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10441588/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,1578,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37540508$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Clizer, David A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tostenson, Blair J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Frederick, Brent</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cline, Paul M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Samuel, Ryan S</creatorcontrib><title>Performance response of increasing the standardized ileal digestible tryptophan:lysine ratio in diets containing 40% dried distiller grains with solubles</title><title>Journal of animal science</title><addtitle>J Anim Sci</addtitle><description>Abstract
A total of 1,170 pigs (PIC 800 × PIC, initially 38.6 kg) were used in a 98-d grow-finish study to determine the performance response of pigs fed increasing levels standardized ileal digestible (SID) Trp:Lys ratio in diets containing 40% dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS). Five dietary treatments were fed and consisted of a corn-soybean meal (SBM) diet or diets containing 40% DDGS with SID Trp:Lys ratios of 15%, 18%, 21%, or 24%. Each treatment was replicated 9 times and pens contained 26 pigs with the equal number of gilts and barrows. Data was analyzed as a randomized complete block design with previous nursery treatment as a random blocking factor. Pair-wise comparisons were used to evaluate the impact of diets on performance and carcass traits; specifically to compare the corn-SBM dietary treatment against other dietary treatments. Single degree of freedom orthogonal polynomials were used to evaluate the dose–response of increasing the SID Trp:Lys ratio in 40% DDGS diets. Increasing the SID Trp:Lys ratio in diets containing 40% DDGS increased (linear, P ≤ 0.02) average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), final body weight (BW), hot carcass weight (HCW), carcass gain, and daily carcass gain. Increasing the SID Trp:Lys ratio in 40% DDGS diets did not impact (P ≥ 0.65) gain to feed (G:F) for the cumulative period. Pigs fed the corn-SBM diet had greater (P ≤ 0.01) ADG and a heavier (P ≤ 0.01) final BW compared to pigs fed 40% DDGS diets, regardless of the SID Trp:Lys ratio. Diets that contained 40% DDGS with a SID Trp:Lys ratio of 24% had no difference (P|t| = 0.25) in ADFI compared to the corn-SBM dietary treatment. The cumulative G:F of pigs did not differ (P = 0.32) between pigs fed corn-SBM diets and diets containing 40% DDGS regardless of the SID Trp:Lys ratio. However, pigs receiving the corn-SBM diets had heavier HCW, greater carcass yields, total carcass gain, and daily carcass gain (P < 0.01) compared to pigs fed the 40% DDGS diets regardless of SID Trp:Lys ratio. In conclusion, increasing the SID Trp:Lys ratio in 40% DDGS diets improved ADG and ADFI for the overall grow-finish period. However, when compared to a corn-SBM diet, increasing the SID Trp:Lys ratio in 40% DDGS diets did not correct the growth performance or carcass characteristics of pigs.
Increasing the standardized ileal digestible tryptophan to lysine ratio in diets containing 40% DDGS linearly increased pig growth rate and intake for the overall grow-finish period. However, pigs fed a standard corn soybean meal diet had a greater cumulative growth rate compared to diets containing 40% DDGS, regardless of tryptophan level.
Lay Summary
Corn by-products from the ethanol industry, such as dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), can be an economical feed ingredient in pig rations. However, when pigs are fed high dietary levels of DDGS, their growth performance can decrease. This decrease may be a result of the protein composition of the diet and more specifically the dietary amino acid composition. In the present study, the amino acid, tryptophan, was incrementally increased in diets containing 40% DDGS. The increase in dietary tryptophan resulted in increased pig feed intake and growth rate of pigs. These results suggest that increasing the dietary tryptophan level can help mitigate a portion of the decreased growth performance seen by pigs consuming higher dietary levels of DDGS. However, feeding 40% DDGS still resulted in a lower cumulative growth rate compared to a standard corn soybean meal diet. This indicates that other nutritional strategies are required to restore growth the performance of pigs fed 40% DDGS relative to a standard corn soybean meal diet, but increasing dietary tryptophan can help to partially restore growth performance.</description><subject>Animal Feed - analysis</subject><subject>Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Blocking</subject><subject>Body Composition - physiology</subject><subject>Body weight</subject><subject>Carcasses</subject><subject>Corn</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>Diet - veterinary</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Glycine max</subject><subject>Grain</subject><subject>Lysine</subject><subject>Non Ruminant Nutrition</subject><subject>Polynomials</subject><subject>Soybeans</subject><subject>Sus scrofa</subject><subject>Swine</subject><subject>Tryptophan</subject><subject>Vegetables</subject><subject>Zea mays</subject><issn>0021-8812</issn><issn>1525-3163</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>TOX</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU2LFDEQhoMo7rh68i4BUQRpN0kn3R0vIotfsKAHPYd0Uj2TMZP0Jmll_Cf-WzPMuKgHT4HUUw9V9SL0kJIXlMj2YqvzRf6qLev4LbSigommpV17G60IYbQZBsrO0L2ct4RQJqS4i87aXnAiyLBCPz9BmmLa6WAAJ8hzDBlwnLALJoHOLqxx2QDORQerk3U_wGLnQXts3RpycaMHXNJ-LnHe6PDS72tPVeniYpVUCkrGJoaiXTjYOHmCbXJVY11t9x4SXqdazPi7Kxuco1-qM99HdybtMzw4vefoy9s3ny_fN1cf3324fH3VGM5pafpRtJJYoae629SNZuplZzsruRY97YQ0fLRyZB3Ijo-EmUn3RIM9_DJLbHuOXh298zLuwBoIJWmv5uR2Ou1V1E79XQluo9bxm6KkDiCGoRqenQwpXi_1JmrnsgHvdYC4ZMUG3kkmZS8q-vgfdBuXFOp-qiWcEiEopZV6fqRMijknmG6moUQdMlc1c3XKvNKP_lzghv0dcgWeHoG4zP81_QLWt7q-</recordid><startdate>20230103</startdate><enddate>20230103</enddate><creator>Clizer, David A</creator><creator>Tostenson, Blair J</creator><creator>Frederick, Brent</creator><creator>Cline, Paul M</creator><creator>Samuel, Ryan S</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>TOX</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>U9A</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2257-8762</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230103</creationdate><title>Performance response of increasing the standardized ileal digestible tryptophan:lysine ratio in diets containing 40% dried distiller grains with solubles</title><author>Clizer, David A ; Tostenson, Blair J ; Frederick, Brent ; Cline, Paul M ; Samuel, Ryan S</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c441t-7b5390d5af259f6bcf796d6d94a571659c4bd9b26e964b02cfa70aed4bd92d0d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Animal Feed - analysis</topic><topic>Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Blocking</topic><topic>Body Composition - physiology</topic><topic>Body weight</topic><topic>Carcasses</topic><topic>Corn</topic><topic>Diet</topic><topic>Diet - veterinary</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Glycine max</topic><topic>Grain</topic><topic>Lysine</topic><topic>Non Ruminant Nutrition</topic><topic>Polynomials</topic><topic>Soybeans</topic><topic>Sus scrofa</topic><topic>Swine</topic><topic>Tryptophan</topic><topic>Vegetables</topic><topic>Zea mays</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Clizer, David A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tostenson, Blair J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Frederick, Brent</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cline, Paul M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Samuel, Ryan S</creatorcontrib><collection>Oxford Journals Open Access Collection</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of animal science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Clizer, David A</au><au>Tostenson, Blair J</au><au>Frederick, Brent</au><au>Cline, Paul M</au><au>Samuel, Ryan S</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Performance response of increasing the standardized ileal digestible tryptophan:lysine ratio in diets containing 40% dried distiller grains with solubles</atitle><jtitle>Journal of animal science</jtitle><addtitle>J Anim Sci</addtitle><date>2023-01-03</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>101</volume><issn>0021-8812</issn><eissn>1525-3163</eissn><abstract>Abstract
A total of 1,170 pigs (PIC 800 × PIC, initially 38.6 kg) were used in a 98-d grow-finish study to determine the performance response of pigs fed increasing levels standardized ileal digestible (SID) Trp:Lys ratio in diets containing 40% dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS). Five dietary treatments were fed and consisted of a corn-soybean meal (SBM) diet or diets containing 40% DDGS with SID Trp:Lys ratios of 15%, 18%, 21%, or 24%. Each treatment was replicated 9 times and pens contained 26 pigs with the equal number of gilts and barrows. Data was analyzed as a randomized complete block design with previous nursery treatment as a random blocking factor. Pair-wise comparisons were used to evaluate the impact of diets on performance and carcass traits; specifically to compare the corn-SBM dietary treatment against other dietary treatments. Single degree of freedom orthogonal polynomials were used to evaluate the dose–response of increasing the SID Trp:Lys ratio in 40% DDGS diets. Increasing the SID Trp:Lys ratio in diets containing 40% DDGS increased (linear, P ≤ 0.02) average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), final body weight (BW), hot carcass weight (HCW), carcass gain, and daily carcass gain. Increasing the SID Trp:Lys ratio in 40% DDGS diets did not impact (P ≥ 0.65) gain to feed (G:F) for the cumulative period. Pigs fed the corn-SBM diet had greater (P ≤ 0.01) ADG and a heavier (P ≤ 0.01) final BW compared to pigs fed 40% DDGS diets, regardless of the SID Trp:Lys ratio. Diets that contained 40% DDGS with a SID Trp:Lys ratio of 24% had no difference (P|t| = 0.25) in ADFI compared to the corn-SBM dietary treatment. The cumulative G:F of pigs did not differ (P = 0.32) between pigs fed corn-SBM diets and diets containing 40% DDGS regardless of the SID Trp:Lys ratio. However, pigs receiving the corn-SBM diets had heavier HCW, greater carcass yields, total carcass gain, and daily carcass gain (P < 0.01) compared to pigs fed the 40% DDGS diets regardless of SID Trp:Lys ratio. In conclusion, increasing the SID Trp:Lys ratio in 40% DDGS diets improved ADG and ADFI for the overall grow-finish period. However, when compared to a corn-SBM diet, increasing the SID Trp:Lys ratio in 40% DDGS diets did not correct the growth performance or carcass characteristics of pigs.
Increasing the standardized ileal digestible tryptophan to lysine ratio in diets containing 40% DDGS linearly increased pig growth rate and intake for the overall grow-finish period. However, pigs fed a standard corn soybean meal diet had a greater cumulative growth rate compared to diets containing 40% DDGS, regardless of tryptophan level.
Lay Summary
Corn by-products from the ethanol industry, such as dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), can be an economical feed ingredient in pig rations. However, when pigs are fed high dietary levels of DDGS, their growth performance can decrease. This decrease may be a result of the protein composition of the diet and more specifically the dietary amino acid composition. In the present study, the amino acid, tryptophan, was incrementally increased in diets containing 40% DDGS. The increase in dietary tryptophan resulted in increased pig feed intake and growth rate of pigs. These results suggest that increasing the dietary tryptophan level can help mitigate a portion of the decreased growth performance seen by pigs consuming higher dietary levels of DDGS. However, feeding 40% DDGS still resulted in a lower cumulative growth rate compared to a standard corn soybean meal diet. This indicates that other nutritional strategies are required to restore growth the performance of pigs fed 40% DDGS relative to a standard corn soybean meal diet, but increasing dietary tryptophan can help to partially restore growth performance.</abstract><cop>US</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>37540508</pmid><doi>10.1093/jas/skad264</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2257-8762</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Animal Feed - analysis Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena Animals Blocking Body Composition - physiology Body weight Carcasses Corn Diet Diet - veterinary Female Glycine max Grain Lysine Non Ruminant Nutrition Polynomials Soybeans Sus scrofa Swine Tryptophan Vegetables Zea mays |
| title | Performance response of increasing the standardized ileal digestible tryptophan:lysine ratio in diets containing 40% dried distiller grains with solubles |
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