Drug Development from Natural Products Based on the Pathogenic Mechanism of Asthma
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pulmonary system associated with many wheeze-to-sleep apnea complications that may lead to death. In 2019, approximately 262 million patients suffered from asthma, and 455 thousand died from the disease worldwide. It is a more severe health problem in...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of molecular sciences 2023-08, Vol.24 (15), p.12469 |
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| creator | Kim, Min-Hee Bae, Chun-Sik Bok, So-Hyeon Choi, Hyo-Seung Ahn, Taeho Cho, Seung-Sik Park, Dae-Hun |
| description | Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pulmonary system associated with many wheeze-to-sleep apnea complications that may lead to death. In 2019, approximately 262 million patients suffered from asthma, and 455 thousand died from the disease worldwide. It is a more severe health problem in children and older adults, and as the aging of society intensifies, the problem will continue to worsen. Asthma inducers can be classified as indoor and outdoor allergens and can cause asthma due to their repeated invasion. There are several theories about asthma occurrence, such as the imbalance between Th1 and Th2, inflammation in the pulmonary system, and the abnormal apoptosis/cell proliferation of cells related to asthma. Although there are many medications for asthma, as it is an incurable disease, the purpose of the drugs is only to suppress the symptoms. The current drugs can be divided into relievers and controllers; however, as they have many adverse effects, such as immune suppression, growth retardation, promotion of cataracts, hyperactivity, and convulsions, developing new asthma drugs is necessary. Although natural products can have adverse effects, the development of asthma drugs from natural products may be beneficial, as some have anti-asthmatic effects such as immune modulation, anti-inflammation, and/or apoptosis modulation. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijms241512469 |
| format | Article |
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In 2019, approximately 262 million patients suffered from asthma, and 455 thousand died from the disease worldwide. It is a more severe health problem in children and older adults, and as the aging of society intensifies, the problem will continue to worsen. Asthma inducers can be classified as indoor and outdoor allergens and can cause asthma due to their repeated invasion. There are several theories about asthma occurrence, such as the imbalance between Th1 and Th2, inflammation in the pulmonary system, and the abnormal apoptosis/cell proliferation of cells related to asthma. Although there are many medications for asthma, as it is an incurable disease, the purpose of the drugs is only to suppress the symptoms. The current drugs can be divided into relievers and controllers; however, as they have many adverse effects, such as immune suppression, growth retardation, promotion of cataracts, hyperactivity, and convulsions, developing new asthma drugs is necessary. Although natural products can have adverse effects, the development of asthma drugs from natural products may be beneficial, as some have anti-asthmatic effects such as immune modulation, anti-inflammation, and/or apoptosis modulation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-6596</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512469</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37569846</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Adaptive immunity ; Allergens ; Allergies ; Asthma ; B cells ; Children ; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ; Cytokines ; Drug development ; Health aspects ; Hyperplasia ; Immune system ; Inflammation ; Inflammatory diseases ; Microbiota ; Mortality ; Neutrophils ; Older people ; Outdoor air quality ; Pathogenesis ; Pathogens ; Pollutants ; Respiratory agents ; Respiratory system ; Review ; Sleep apnea syndromes ; Transcription factors</subject><ispartof>International journal of molecular sciences, 2023-08, Vol.24 (15), p.12469</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2023 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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In 2019, approximately 262 million patients suffered from asthma, and 455 thousand died from the disease worldwide. It is a more severe health problem in children and older adults, and as the aging of society intensifies, the problem will continue to worsen. Asthma inducers can be classified as indoor and outdoor allergens and can cause asthma due to their repeated invasion. There are several theories about asthma occurrence, such as the imbalance between Th1 and Th2, inflammation in the pulmonary system, and the abnormal apoptosis/cell proliferation of cells related to asthma. Although there are many medications for asthma, as it is an incurable disease, the purpose of the drugs is only to suppress the symptoms. The current drugs can be divided into relievers and controllers; however, as they have many adverse effects, such as immune suppression, growth retardation, promotion of cataracts, hyperactivity, and convulsions, developing new asthma drugs is necessary. 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Bae, Chun-Sik ; Bok, So-Hyeon ; Choi, Hyo-Seung ; Ahn, Taeho ; Cho, Seung-Sik ; Park, Dae-Hun</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c483t-56633fa75494df78a96e39564ba1ca1a90aed637defa29af78978c3dbf2b10a33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Adaptive immunity</topic><topic>Allergens</topic><topic>Allergies</topic><topic>Asthma</topic><topic>B cells</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</topic><topic>Cytokines</topic><topic>Drug development</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Hyperplasia</topic><topic>Immune system</topic><topic>Inflammation</topic><topic>Inflammatory diseases</topic><topic>Microbiota</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Neutrophils</topic><topic>Older people</topic><topic>Outdoor air quality</topic><topic>Pathogenesis</topic><topic>Pathogens</topic><topic>Pollutants</topic><topic>Respiratory agents</topic><topic>Respiratory system</topic><topic>Review</topic><topic>Sleep apnea syndromes</topic><topic>Transcription factors</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kim, Min-Hee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bae, Chun-Sik</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bok, So-Hyeon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, Hyo-Seung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahn, Taeho</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cho, Seung-Sik</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Dae-Hun</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>International journal of molecular sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kim, Min-Hee</au><au>Bae, Chun-Sik</au><au>Bok, So-Hyeon</au><au>Choi, Hyo-Seung</au><au>Ahn, Taeho</au><au>Cho, Seung-Sik</au><au>Park, Dae-Hun</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Drug Development from Natural Products Based on the Pathogenic Mechanism of Asthma</atitle><jtitle>International journal of molecular sciences</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Mol Sci</addtitle><date>2023-08-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>24</volume><issue>15</issue><spage>12469</spage><pages>12469-</pages><issn>1422-0067</issn><issn>1661-6596</issn><eissn>1422-0067</eissn><abstract>Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pulmonary system associated with many wheeze-to-sleep apnea complications that may lead to death. 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| subjects | Adaptive immunity Allergens Allergies Asthma B cells Children Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Cytokines Drug development Health aspects Hyperplasia Immune system Inflammation Inflammatory diseases Microbiota Mortality Neutrophils Older people Outdoor air quality Pathogenesis Pathogens Pollutants Respiratory agents Respiratory system Review Sleep apnea syndromes Transcription factors |
| title | Drug Development from Natural Products Based on the Pathogenic Mechanism of Asthma |
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