Models in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Current Perspectives and Future Directions

Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors derived from multiple neuroendocrine origin cell subtypes. Incidence rates for pNENs have steadily risen over the last decade, and outcomes continue to vary widely due to inability to properly screen. These tumors encomp...

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Veröffentlicht in:Cancers 2023-07, Vol.15 (15), p.3756
Hauptverfasser: Forsythe, Steven D, Pu, Tracey, Andrews, Stephen G, Madigan, James P, Sadowski, Samira M
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creator Forsythe, Steven D
Pu, Tracey
Andrews, Stephen G
Madigan, James P
Sadowski, Samira M
description Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors derived from multiple neuroendocrine origin cell subtypes. Incidence rates for pNENs have steadily risen over the last decade, and outcomes continue to vary widely due to inability to properly screen. These tumors encompass a wide range of functional and non-functional subtypes, with their rarity and slow growth making therapeutic development difficult as most clinically used therapeutics are derived from retrospective analyses. Improved molecular understanding of these cancers has increased our knowledge of the tumor biology for pNENs. Despite these advances in our understanding of pNENs, there remains a dearth of models for further investigation. In this review, we will cover the current field of pNEN models, which include established cell lines, animal models such as mice and zebrafish, and three-dimensional (3D) cell models, and compare their uses in modeling various disease aspects. While no study model is a complete representation of pNEN biology, each has advantages which allow for new scientific understanding of these rare tumors. Future efforts and advancements in technology will continue to create new options in modeling these cancers.
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subjects Animal models
Cancer
Cell culture
Cell cycle
Danio rerio
Diabetes
DNA damage
Genes
Homeopathy
Kinases
Materia medica and therapeutics
Metastasis
Mutation
Neuroendocrine tumors
Oncology, Experimental
Pancreas
Patients
Phase transitions
Proteins
Review
Surveillance
Therapeutics
Tumorigenesis
Tumors
title Models in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Current Perspectives and Future Directions
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