Assessing the Impact of Polyethylene Nano/Microplastic Exposure on Human Vaginal Keratinocytes
The global rise of single-use throw-away plastic products has elicited a massive increase in the nano/microplastics (N/MPLs) exposure burden in humans. Recently, it has been demonstrated that disposable period products may release N/MPLs with usage, which represents a potential threat to women'...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of molecular sciences 2023-07, Vol.24 (14), p.11379 |
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| creator | Pontecorvi, Paola Ceccarelli, Simona Cece, Fabrizio Camero, Simona Lotti, Lavinia Vittoria Niccolai, Elena Nannini, Giulia Gerini, Giulia Anastasiadou, Eleni Scialis, Elena Sofia Romano, Enrico Venneri, Mary Anna Amedei, Amedeo Angeloni, Antonio Megiorni, Francesca Marchese, Cinzia |
| description | The global rise of single-use throw-away plastic products has elicited a massive increase in the nano/microplastics (N/MPLs) exposure burden in humans. Recently, it has been demonstrated that disposable period products may release N/MPLs with usage, which represents a potential threat to women's health which has not been scientifically addressed yet. By using polyethyl ene (PE) particles (200 nm to 9 μm), we showed that acute exposure to a high concentration of N/MPLs induced cell toxicity in vaginal keratinocytes after effective cellular uptake, as viability and apoptosis data suggest, along with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. The internalised N/MPLs altered the expression of junctional and adherence proteins and the organisation of the actin cortex, influencing the level of genes involved in oxidative stress signalling pathways and that of miRNAs related to epithelial barrier function. When the exposure to PE N/MPLs was discontinued or became chronic, cells were able to recover from the negative effects on viability and differentiation/proliferation gene expression in a few days. However, in all cases, PE N/MPL exposure prompted a sustained alteration of DNA methyltransferase and DNA demethylase expression, which might impact epigenetic regulation processes, leading to accelerated cell ageing and inflammation, or the occurrence of malignant transformation. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijms241411379 |
| format | Article |
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Recently, it has been demonstrated that disposable period products may release N/MPLs with usage, which represents a potential threat to women's health which has not been scientifically addressed yet. By using polyethyl ene (PE) particles (200 nm to 9 μm), we showed that acute exposure to a high concentration of N/MPLs induced cell toxicity in vaginal keratinocytes after effective cellular uptake, as viability and apoptosis data suggest, along with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. The internalised N/MPLs altered the expression of junctional and adherence proteins and the organisation of the actin cortex, influencing the level of genes involved in oxidative stress signalling pathways and that of miRNAs related to epithelial barrier function. When the exposure to PE N/MPLs was discontinued or became chronic, cells were able to recover from the negative effects on viability and differentiation/proliferation gene expression in a few days. However, in all cases, PE N/MPL exposure prompted a sustained alteration of DNA methyltransferase and DNA demethylase expression, which might impact epigenetic regulation processes, leading to accelerated cell ageing and inflammation, or the occurrence of malignant transformation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-6596</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411379</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37511139</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Apoptosis ; Cell cycle ; Cosmetics ; Cyclin-dependent kinases ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Epigenetic inheritance ; Female ; Gene expression ; Humans ; Keratinocytes - chemistry ; Kinases ; Menstrual products ; Microplastics - toxicity ; Microscopy ; Morphology ; Muscle proteins ; Plastics ; Polyethylene ; Proteins ; Scientific equipment and supplies industry ; Senescence ; Skin ; Vagina ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity</subject><ispartof>International journal of molecular sciences, 2023-07, Vol.24 (14), p.11379</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2023 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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Recently, it has been demonstrated that disposable period products may release N/MPLs with usage, which represents a potential threat to women's health which has not been scientifically addressed yet. By using polyethyl ene (PE) particles (200 nm to 9 μm), we showed that acute exposure to a high concentration of N/MPLs induced cell toxicity in vaginal keratinocytes after effective cellular uptake, as viability and apoptosis data suggest, along with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. The internalised N/MPLs altered the expression of junctional and adherence proteins and the organisation of the actin cortex, influencing the level of genes involved in oxidative stress signalling pathways and that of miRNAs related to epithelial barrier function. When the exposure to PE N/MPLs was discontinued or became chronic, cells were able to recover from the negative effects on viability and differentiation/proliferation gene expression in a few days. 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| ispartof | International journal of molecular sciences, 2023-07, Vol.24 (14), p.11379 |
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| source | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; MEDLINE; PubMed Central; EZB Electronic Journals Library |
| subjects | Apoptosis Cell cycle Cosmetics Cyclin-dependent kinases Epigenesis, Genetic Epigenetic inheritance Female Gene expression Humans Keratinocytes - chemistry Kinases Menstrual products Microplastics - toxicity Microscopy Morphology Muscle proteins Plastics Polyethylene Proteins Scientific equipment and supplies industry Senescence Skin Vagina Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity |
| title | Assessing the Impact of Polyethylene Nano/Microplastic Exposure on Human Vaginal Keratinocytes |
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