Sub-23 nm Particles Dominate Non-Volatile Particle Number Emissions of Road Traffic

Ultrafine particles (

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Veröffentlicht in:	Environmental science & technology 2023-07, Vol.57 (29), p.10763-10772
Hauptverfasser:	Lintusaari, Henna, Kuuluvainen, Heino, Vanhanen, Joonas, Salo, Laura, Portin, Harri, Järvinen, Anssi, Juuti, Paxton, Hietikko, Riina, Teinilä, Kimmo, Timonen, Hilkka, Niemi, Jarkko V., Rönkkö, Topi
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Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	air Air Pollutants - analysis Air quality Emissions Environmental Monitoring - methods Health hazards Occurrence, Fate, and Transport of Contaminants in Indoor Air and Atmosphere Outdoor air quality Particle Size Particulate Matter - analysis Traffic Ultrafines urban areas Urban environments Vehicle emissions Vehicle Emissions - analysis Volatile compounds Volatiles
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container_title	Environmental science & technology
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creator	Lintusaari, Henna Kuuluvainen, Heino Vanhanen, Joonas Salo, Laura Portin, Harri Järvinen, Anssi Juuti, Paxton Hietikko, Riina Teinilä, Kimmo Timonen, Hilkka Niemi, Jarkko V. Rönkkö, Topi
description	Ultrafine particles (
doi_str_mv	10.1021/acs.est.3c03221
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Therefore, particle number concentration monitoring was recently included in the WHO air quality guidelines. At present, e.g., the EU regulates particle number only regarding the emissions of solid particles larger than 23 nm emitted by vehicles. The aim of this study was to examine the non-volatile fraction of sub-23 nm particles in a traffic-influenced urban environment. We measured the number concentration of particles larger than 1.4, 3, 10, and 23 nm in May 2018. Volatile compounds were thermally removed in the sampling line and the line losses were carefully determined. According to our results, the sub-23 nm particles dominated the non-volatile number concentrations. Additionally, based on the determined particle number emission factors, the traffic emissions of non-volatile sub-10 nm particles can be even 3 times higher than those of particles larger than 10 nm. Yet, only a fraction of urban sub-10 nm particles consisted of non-volatiles. Thus, while the results highlight the role of ultrafine particles in the traffic-influenced urban air, a careful consideration is needed in terms of future particle number standards to cover the varying factors affecting measured concentrations.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0013-936X</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1520-5851</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-5851</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03221</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37448254</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Chemical Society</publisher><subject>air ; Air Pollutants - analysis ; Air quality ; Emissions ; Environmental Monitoring - methods ; Health hazards ; Occurrence, Fate, and Transport of Contaminants in Indoor Air and Atmosphere ; Outdoor air quality ; Particle Size ; Particulate Matter - analysis ; Traffic ; Ultrafines ; urban areas ; Urban environments ; Vehicle emissions ; Vehicle Emissions - analysis ; Volatile compounds ; Volatiles</subject><ispartof>Environmental science & technology, 2023-07, Vol.57 (29), p.10763-10772</ispartof><rights>2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society</rights><rights>Copyright American Chemical Society Jul 25, 2023</rights><rights>2023 The Authors. 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Sci. Technol</addtitle><description>Ultrafine particles (<100 nm) in urban air are a serious health hazard not yet fully understood. Therefore, particle number concentration monitoring was recently included in the WHO air quality guidelines. At present, e.g., the EU regulates particle number only regarding the emissions of solid particles larger than 23 nm emitted by vehicles. The aim of this study was to examine the non-volatile fraction of sub-23 nm particles in a traffic-influenced urban environment. We measured the number concentration of particles larger than 1.4, 3, 10, and 23 nm in May 2018. Volatile compounds were thermally removed in the sampling line and the line losses were carefully determined. According to our results, the sub-23 nm particles dominated the non-volatile number concentrations. Additionally, based on the determined particle number emission factors, the traffic emissions of non-volatile sub-10 nm particles can be even 3 times higher than those of particles larger than 10 nm. Yet, only a fraction of urban sub-10 nm particles consisted of non-volatiles. Thus, while the results highlight the role of ultrafine particles in the traffic-influenced urban air, a careful consideration is needed in terms of future particle number standards to cover the varying factors affecting measured concentrations.</description><subject>air</subject><subject>Air Pollutants - analysis</subject><subject>Air quality</subject><subject>Emissions</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring - methods</subject><subject>Health hazards</subject><subject>Occurrence, Fate, and Transport of Contaminants in Indoor Air and Atmosphere</subject><subject>Outdoor air quality</subject><subject>Particle Size</subject><subject>Particulate Matter - analysis</subject><subject>Traffic</subject><subject>Ultrafines</subject><subject>urban areas</subject><subject>Urban environments</subject><subject>Vehicle emissions</subject><subject>Vehicle Emissions - analysis</subject><subject>Volatile compounds</subject><subject>Volatiles</subject><issn>0013-936X</issn><issn>1520-5851</issn><issn>1520-5851</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkUFv1DAQhS0EokvhzA1F4oKEsp3x2IlzQlUpUKkqiBbEzXIcG1IlcbETJP49Xu12RSshTj7M955n3mPsOcIageORsWnt0rwmC8Q5PmArlBxKqSQ-ZCsApLKh6tsBe5LSNQBwAvWYHVAthOJSrNjl5dKWnIppLD6ZOPd2cKl4G8Z-MrMrLsJUfg2DmfvB7efFxTK2LhanY59SH6ZUBF98DqYrrqLxvrdP2SNvhuSe7d5D9uXd6dXJh_L84_uzk-Pz0ogG5xJrLhTUtgaoZWe9t430qkFqaqxIYFMpD-Darmqs6qiySnYGa4--BdFKokP2Zut7s7Sj66yb5mgGfRP70cTfOphe351M_Q_9PfzSCFSTUCo7vNo5xPBzyUHqfJN1w2AmF5akCSWpCiSJ_6JcUU4UJW72enkPvQ5LnHIUmRIciEjUmTraUjaGlKLz-8UR9KZcncvVG_Wu3Kx48fe9e_62zQy83gIb5f7Pf9n9ASBercg</recordid><startdate>20230725</startdate><enddate>20230725</enddate><creator>Lintusaari, Henna</creator><creator>Kuuluvainen, Heino</creator><creator>Vanhanen, Joonas</creator><creator>Salo, Laura</creator><creator>Portin, Harri</creator><creator>Järvinen, Anssi</creator><creator>Juuti, Paxton</creator><creator>Hietikko, Riina</creator><creator>Teinilä, Kimmo</creator><creator>Timonen, Hilkka</creator><creator>Niemi, Jarkko V.</creator><creator>Rönkkö, Topi</creator><general>American Chemical Society</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8388-1610</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1555-3367</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7987-7985</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4624-5508</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2654-7592</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230725</creationdate><title>Sub-23 nm Particles Dominate Non-Volatile Particle Number Emissions of Road Traffic</title><author>Lintusaari, Henna ; 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Sci. Technol</addtitle><date>2023-07-25</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>57</volume><issue>29</issue><spage>10763</spage><epage>10772</epage><pages>10763-10772</pages><issn>0013-936X</issn><issn>1520-5851</issn><eissn>1520-5851</eissn><abstract>Ultrafine particles (<100 nm) in urban air are a serious health hazard not yet fully understood. Therefore, particle number concentration monitoring was recently included in the WHO air quality guidelines. At present, e.g., the EU regulates particle number only regarding the emissions of solid particles larger than 23 nm emitted by vehicles. The aim of this study was to examine the non-volatile fraction of sub-23 nm particles in a traffic-influenced urban environment. We measured the number concentration of particles larger than 1.4, 3, 10, and 23 nm in May 2018. Volatile compounds were thermally removed in the sampling line and the line losses were carefully determined. According to our results, the sub-23 nm particles dominated the non-volatile number concentrations. Additionally, based on the determined particle number emission factors, the traffic emissions of non-volatile sub-10 nm particles can be even 3 times higher than those of particles larger than 10 nm. Yet, only a fraction of urban sub-10 nm particles consisted of non-volatiles. 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subjects	air Air Pollutants - analysis Air quality Emissions Environmental Monitoring - methods Health hazards Occurrence, Fate, and Transport of Contaminants in Indoor Air and Atmosphere Outdoor air quality Particle Size Particulate Matter - analysis Traffic Ultrafines urban areas Urban environments Vehicle emissions Vehicle Emissions - analysis Volatile compounds Volatiles
title	Sub-23 nm Particles Dominate Non-Volatile Particle Number Emissions of Road Traffic
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