Prevalence and Load of the Campylobacter Genus in Infants and Associated Household Contacts in Rural Eastern Ethiopia: a Longitudinal Study from the Campylobacter Genomics and Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (CAGED) Project
In our previous cross-sectional study, multiple species of Campylobacter were detected (88%) in stool samples from children (12 to 14 months of age) in rural eastern Ethiopia. This study assessed the temporal fecal carriage of Campylobacter in infants and identified putative reservoirs associated wi...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Applied and environmental microbiology 2023-07, Vol.89 (7), p.e0042423-e0042423 |
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| creator | Deblais, Loïc Ojeda, Amanda Brhane, Mussie Mummed, Bahar Hassen, Kedir A Ahmedo, Belisa Usmael Weldesenbet, Yenenesh Demisie Amin, Jafer Kedir Ahmed, Ibsa Abdusemed Usmane, Ibsa Aliyi Yusuf, Efrah Ali Seran, Abadir Jemal Abrahim, Fayo I Game, Halengo T Mummed, Ballo A Usmail, Meri M Umer, Kunuza Adem Dawid, Mawardi M Gebreyes, Wondwossen French, Nigel Hassen, Jemal Yousuf Roba, Kedir Teji Mohammed, Abdulmuen Yimer, Getnet Saleem, Cyrus Chen, Dehao Singh, Nitya Manary, Mark J McKune, Sarah L Havelaar, Arie H Rajashekara, Gireesh |
| description | In our previous cross-sectional study, multiple species of Campylobacter were detected (88%) in stool samples from children (12 to 14 months of age) in rural eastern Ethiopia. This study assessed the temporal fecal carriage of Campylobacter in infants and identified putative reservoirs associated with these infections in infants from the same region. The prevalence and load of Campylobacter were determined using genus-specific real-time PCR. Stool samples from 106 infants (
= 1,073) were collected monthly from birth until 376 days of age (DOA). Human stool samples (mothers and siblings), livestock feces (cattle, chickens, goats, and sheep), and environmental samples (soil and drinking water) from the 106 households were collected twice per household (
= 1,644). Campylobacter was most prevalent in livestock feces (goats, 99%; sheep, 98%; cattle, 99%; chickens, 93%), followed by human stool samples (siblings, 91%; mothers, 83%; infants, 64%) and environmental samples (soil, 58%; drinking water, 43%). The prevalence of Campylobacter in infant stool samples significantly increased with age, from 30% at 27 DOA to 89% at 360 DOA (1% increase/day in the odds of being colonized) (
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| doi_str_mv | 10.1128/aem.00424-23 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_10370295</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2825504061</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c370t-be7c1cfe14af1a0db12166e11488e73cbeb523ada8975c6a5e57fbde56e71c213</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNptkktrGzEUhUVpaVy3u66LoJsUOqkeo3l0U4zjOgFDQx9rodHciWVmJEfSGPxz808i22loS1cS6NM593EQekvJBaWs-qRguCAkZ3nG-DM0oaSuMsF58RxNCKnrjLGcnKFXIWxIwkhRvURnvOSUMFFP0P2Nh53qwWrAyrZ45VSLXYfjGvBcDdt97xqlI3i8BDsGbCy-tp2yMRzxWQhOGxWhxVduDLB2fYvnzsb05wh_H73q8UKFJGHxIq6N2xr1GavkZG9NHFtjE_AjXfa48274v7MbjD45LuzOeGcHSB5J2CbAaHy5D91odTTO4vP5bLm4_IBvvNuAjq_Ri071Ad48nlP06-vi5_wqW31bXs9nq0zzksSsgVJT3QHNVUcVaRvKaFEApXlVQcl1A41gXLWqqkuhCyVAlF3TgiigpJpRPkVfTrrbsRmg1anA1LrcejMov5dOGfn3izVreet2kpJUAKtFUjh_VPDuboQQ5WCChr5XFtJwJauYEIcVHsze_4Nu3OjTJA9UzvNcVGnHU_TxRGnvQvDQPVVDiTyER6bwyGN4JOMJf_dnB0_w77TwB15-xR8</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2843445837</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Prevalence and Load of the Campylobacter Genus in Infants and Associated Household Contacts in Rural Eastern Ethiopia: a Longitudinal Study from the Campylobacter Genomics and Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (CAGED) Project</title><source>American Society for Microbiology</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><creator>Deblais, Loïc ; Ojeda, Amanda ; Brhane, Mussie ; Mummed, Bahar ; Hassen, Kedir A ; Ahmedo, Belisa Usmael ; Weldesenbet, Yenenesh Demisie ; Amin, Jafer Kedir ; Ahmed, Ibsa Abdusemed ; Usmane, Ibsa Aliyi ; Yusuf, Efrah Ali ; Seran, Abadir Jemal ; Abrahim, Fayo I ; Game, Halengo T ; Mummed, Ballo A ; Usmail, Meri M ; Umer, Kunuza Adem ; Dawid, Mawardi M ; Gebreyes, Wondwossen ; French, Nigel ; Hassen, Jemal Yousuf ; Roba, Kedir Teji ; Mohammed, Abdulmuen ; Yimer, Getnet ; Saleem, Cyrus ; Chen, Dehao ; Singh, Nitya ; Manary, Mark J ; McKune, Sarah L ; Havelaar, Arie H ; Rajashekara, Gireesh</creator><contributor>Elkins, Christopher A.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Deblais, Loïc ; Ojeda, Amanda ; Brhane, Mussie ; Mummed, Bahar ; Hassen, Kedir A ; Ahmedo, Belisa Usmael ; Weldesenbet, Yenenesh Demisie ; Amin, Jafer Kedir ; Ahmed, Ibsa Abdusemed ; Usmane, Ibsa Aliyi ; Yusuf, Efrah Ali ; Seran, Abadir Jemal ; Abrahim, Fayo I ; Game, Halengo T ; Mummed, Ballo A ; Usmail, Meri M ; Umer, Kunuza Adem ; Dawid, Mawardi M ; Gebreyes, Wondwossen ; French, Nigel ; Hassen, Jemal Yousuf ; Roba, Kedir Teji ; Mohammed, Abdulmuen ; Yimer, Getnet ; Saleem, Cyrus ; Chen, Dehao ; Singh, Nitya ; Manary, Mark J ; McKune, Sarah L ; Havelaar, Arie H ; Rajashekara, Gireesh ; Elkins, Christopher A.</creatorcontrib><description>In our previous cross-sectional study, multiple species of Campylobacter were detected (88%) in stool samples from children (12 to 14 months of age) in rural eastern Ethiopia. This study assessed the temporal fecal carriage of Campylobacter in infants and identified putative reservoirs associated with these infections in infants from the same region. The prevalence and load of Campylobacter were determined using genus-specific real-time PCR. Stool samples from 106 infants (
= 1,073) were collected monthly from birth until 376 days of age (DOA). Human stool samples (mothers and siblings), livestock feces (cattle, chickens, goats, and sheep), and environmental samples (soil and drinking water) from the 106 households were collected twice per household (
= 1,644). Campylobacter was most prevalent in livestock feces (goats, 99%; sheep, 98%; cattle, 99%; chickens, 93%), followed by human stool samples (siblings, 91%; mothers, 83%; infants, 64%) and environmental samples (soil, 58%; drinking water, 43%). The prevalence of Campylobacter in infant stool samples significantly increased with age, from 30% at 27 DOA to 89% at 360 DOA (1% increase/day in the odds of being colonized) (
< 0.001). The Campylobacter load increased linearly (
< 0.001) with age from 2.95 logs at 25 DOA to 4.13 logs at 360 DOA. Within a household, the Campylobacter load in infant stool samples was positively correlated with the load in mother stool samples (
= 0.18) and soil collected inside the house (
= 0.36), which were in turn both correlated with Campylobacter loads in chicken and cattle feces (0.60 <
< 0.63) (
< 0.01). In conclusion, a high proportion of infants are infected with Campylobacter in eastern Ethiopia, and contact with the mother and contaminated soil may be associated with early infections.
A high Campylobacter prevalence during early childhood has been associated with environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) and stunting, especially in low-resource settings. Our previous study demonstrated that Campylobacter was frequently found (88%) in children from eastern Ethiopia; however, little is known about potential Campylobacter reservoirs and transmission pathways leading to infection of infants by Campylobacter during early growth. In the longitudinal study presented here, Campylobacter was frequently detected in infants within the 106 surveyed households from eastern Ethiopia, and the prevalence was age dependent. Furthermore, preliminary analyses highlighted the potential role of the mother, soil, and livestock in the transmission of Campylobacter to the infant. Further work will explore the species and genetic composition of Campylobacter in infants and putative reservoirs using PCR and whole-genome and metagenomic sequencing. The findings from these studies can lead to the development of interventions to minimize the risk of transmission of Campylobacter to infants and, potentially, EED and stunting.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0099-2240</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1098-5336</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1128/aem.00424-23</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37310259</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Society for Microbiology</publisher><subject>Age ; Animals ; Bacterial Load ; Campylobacter ; Campylobacter - genetics ; Campylobacter - isolation & purification ; Campylobacter Infections - epidemiology ; Campylobacter Infections - microbiology ; Cattle ; Chickens ; Drinking water ; Environmental Microbiology ; Ethiopia ; Feces ; Feces - microbiology ; Goats ; Households ; Human wastes ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infants ; Livestock ; Livestock - microbiology ; Longitudinal Studies ; Prevalence ; Public and Environmental Health Microbiology ; Rural environments ; Rural Population ; Sheep ; Siblings ; Soil contamination ; Soil pollution ; Soil water ; Soils</subject><ispartof>Applied and environmental microbiology, 2023-07, Vol.89 (7), p.e0042423-e0042423</ispartof><rights>Copyright American Society for Microbiology Jul 2023</rights><rights>Copyright © 2023 Deblais et al. 2023 Deblais et al.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c370t-be7c1cfe14af1a0db12166e11488e73cbeb523ada8975c6a5e57fbde56e71c213</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-3591-3582 ; 0000-0003-2443-6733</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10370295/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10370295/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,729,782,786,887,3190,27931,27932,53798,53800</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37310259$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Elkins, Christopher A.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Deblais, Loïc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ojeda, Amanda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brhane, Mussie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mummed, Bahar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hassen, Kedir A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahmedo, Belisa Usmael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weldesenbet, Yenenesh Demisie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Amin, Jafer Kedir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahmed, Ibsa Abdusemed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Usmane, Ibsa Aliyi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yusuf, Efrah Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Seran, Abadir Jemal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abrahim, Fayo I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Game, Halengo T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mummed, Ballo A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Usmail, Meri M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Umer, Kunuza Adem</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dawid, Mawardi M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gebreyes, Wondwossen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>French, Nigel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hassen, Jemal Yousuf</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roba, Kedir Teji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mohammed, Abdulmuen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yimer, Getnet</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saleem, Cyrus</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Dehao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Singh, Nitya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Manary, Mark J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McKune, Sarah L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Havelaar, Arie H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rajashekara, Gireesh</creatorcontrib><title>Prevalence and Load of the Campylobacter Genus in Infants and Associated Household Contacts in Rural Eastern Ethiopia: a Longitudinal Study from the Campylobacter Genomics and Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (CAGED) Project</title><title>Applied and environmental microbiology</title><addtitle>Appl Environ Microbiol</addtitle><description>In our previous cross-sectional study, multiple species of Campylobacter were detected (88%) in stool samples from children (12 to 14 months of age) in rural eastern Ethiopia. This study assessed the temporal fecal carriage of Campylobacter in infants and identified putative reservoirs associated with these infections in infants from the same region. The prevalence and load of Campylobacter were determined using genus-specific real-time PCR. Stool samples from 106 infants (
= 1,073) were collected monthly from birth until 376 days of age (DOA). Human stool samples (mothers and siblings), livestock feces (cattle, chickens, goats, and sheep), and environmental samples (soil and drinking water) from the 106 households were collected twice per household (
= 1,644). Campylobacter was most prevalent in livestock feces (goats, 99%; sheep, 98%; cattle, 99%; chickens, 93%), followed by human stool samples (siblings, 91%; mothers, 83%; infants, 64%) and environmental samples (soil, 58%; drinking water, 43%). The prevalence of Campylobacter in infant stool samples significantly increased with age, from 30% at 27 DOA to 89% at 360 DOA (1% increase/day in the odds of being colonized) (
< 0.001). The Campylobacter load increased linearly (
< 0.001) with age from 2.95 logs at 25 DOA to 4.13 logs at 360 DOA. Within a household, the Campylobacter load in infant stool samples was positively correlated with the load in mother stool samples (
= 0.18) and soil collected inside the house (
= 0.36), which were in turn both correlated with Campylobacter loads in chicken and cattle feces (0.60 <
< 0.63) (
< 0.01). In conclusion, a high proportion of infants are infected with Campylobacter in eastern Ethiopia, and contact with the mother and contaminated soil may be associated with early infections.
A high Campylobacter prevalence during early childhood has been associated with environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) and stunting, especially in low-resource settings. Our previous study demonstrated that Campylobacter was frequently found (88%) in children from eastern Ethiopia; however, little is known about potential Campylobacter reservoirs and transmission pathways leading to infection of infants by Campylobacter during early growth. In the longitudinal study presented here, Campylobacter was frequently detected in infants within the 106 surveyed households from eastern Ethiopia, and the prevalence was age dependent. Furthermore, preliminary analyses highlighted the potential role of the mother, soil, and livestock in the transmission of Campylobacter to the infant. Further work will explore the species and genetic composition of Campylobacter in infants and putative reservoirs using PCR and whole-genome and metagenomic sequencing. The findings from these studies can lead to the development of interventions to minimize the risk of transmission of Campylobacter to infants and, potentially, EED and stunting.</description><subject>Age</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Bacterial Load</subject><subject>Campylobacter</subject><subject>Campylobacter - genetics</subject><subject>Campylobacter - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Campylobacter Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>Campylobacter Infections - microbiology</subject><subject>Cattle</subject><subject>Chickens</subject><subject>Drinking water</subject><subject>Environmental Microbiology</subject><subject>Ethiopia</subject><subject>Feces</subject><subject>Feces - microbiology</subject><subject>Goats</subject><subject>Households</subject><subject>Human wastes</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infant, Newborn</subject><subject>Infants</subject><subject>Livestock</subject><subject>Livestock - microbiology</subject><subject>Longitudinal Studies</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Public and Environmental Health Microbiology</subject><subject>Rural environments</subject><subject>Rural Population</subject><subject>Sheep</subject><subject>Siblings</subject><subject>Soil contamination</subject><subject>Soil pollution</subject><subject>Soil water</subject><subject>Soils</subject><issn>0099-2240</issn><issn>1098-5336</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNptkktrGzEUhUVpaVy3u66LoJsUOqkeo3l0U4zjOgFDQx9rodHciWVmJEfSGPxz808i22loS1cS6NM593EQekvJBaWs-qRguCAkZ3nG-DM0oaSuMsF58RxNCKnrjLGcnKFXIWxIwkhRvURnvOSUMFFP0P2Nh53qwWrAyrZ45VSLXYfjGvBcDdt97xqlI3i8BDsGbCy-tp2yMRzxWQhOGxWhxVduDLB2fYvnzsb05wh_H73q8UKFJGHxIq6N2xr1GavkZG9NHFtjE_AjXfa48274v7MbjD45LuzOeGcHSB5J2CbAaHy5D91odTTO4vP5bLm4_IBvvNuAjq_Ri071Ad48nlP06-vi5_wqW31bXs9nq0zzksSsgVJT3QHNVUcVaRvKaFEApXlVQcl1A41gXLWqqkuhCyVAlF3TgiigpJpRPkVfTrrbsRmg1anA1LrcejMov5dOGfn3izVreet2kpJUAKtFUjh_VPDuboQQ5WCChr5XFtJwJauYEIcVHsze_4Nu3OjTJA9UzvNcVGnHU_TxRGnvQvDQPVVDiTyER6bwyGN4JOMJf_dnB0_w77TwB15-xR8</recordid><startdate>20230726</startdate><enddate>20230726</enddate><creator>Deblais, Loïc</creator><creator>Ojeda, Amanda</creator><creator>Brhane, Mussie</creator><creator>Mummed, Bahar</creator><creator>Hassen, Kedir A</creator><creator>Ahmedo, Belisa Usmael</creator><creator>Weldesenbet, Yenenesh Demisie</creator><creator>Amin, Jafer Kedir</creator><creator>Ahmed, Ibsa Abdusemed</creator><creator>Usmane, Ibsa Aliyi</creator><creator>Yusuf, Efrah Ali</creator><creator>Seran, Abadir Jemal</creator><creator>Abrahim, Fayo I</creator><creator>Game, Halengo T</creator><creator>Mummed, Ballo A</creator><creator>Usmail, Meri M</creator><creator>Umer, Kunuza Adem</creator><creator>Dawid, Mawardi M</creator><creator>Gebreyes, Wondwossen</creator><creator>French, Nigel</creator><creator>Hassen, Jemal Yousuf</creator><creator>Roba, Kedir Teji</creator><creator>Mohammed, Abdulmuen</creator><creator>Yimer, Getnet</creator><creator>Saleem, Cyrus</creator><creator>Chen, Dehao</creator><creator>Singh, Nitya</creator><creator>Manary, Mark J</creator><creator>McKune, Sarah L</creator><creator>Havelaar, Arie H</creator><creator>Rajashekara, Gireesh</creator><general>American 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Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Applied and environmental microbiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Deblais, Loïc</au><au>Ojeda, Amanda</au><au>Brhane, Mussie</au><au>Mummed, Bahar</au><au>Hassen, Kedir A</au><au>Ahmedo, Belisa Usmael</au><au>Weldesenbet, Yenenesh Demisie</au><au>Amin, Jafer Kedir</au><au>Ahmed, Ibsa Abdusemed</au><au>Usmane, Ibsa Aliyi</au><au>Yusuf, Efrah Ali</au><au>Seran, Abadir Jemal</au><au>Abrahim, Fayo I</au><au>Game, Halengo T</au><au>Mummed, Ballo A</au><au>Usmail, Meri M</au><au>Umer, Kunuza Adem</au><au>Dawid, Mawardi M</au><au>Gebreyes, Wondwossen</au><au>French, Nigel</au><au>Hassen, Jemal Yousuf</au><au>Roba, Kedir Teji</au><au>Mohammed, Abdulmuen</au><au>Yimer, Getnet</au><au>Saleem, Cyrus</au><au>Chen, Dehao</au><au>Singh, Nitya</au><au>Manary, Mark J</au><au>McKune, Sarah L</au><au>Havelaar, Arie H</au><au>Rajashekara, Gireesh</au><au>Elkins, Christopher A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Prevalence and Load of the Campylobacter Genus in Infants and Associated Household Contacts in Rural Eastern Ethiopia: a Longitudinal Study from the Campylobacter Genomics and Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (CAGED) Project</atitle><jtitle>Applied and environmental microbiology</jtitle><addtitle>Appl Environ Microbiol</addtitle><date>2023-07-26</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>89</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>e0042423</spage><epage>e0042423</epage><pages>e0042423-e0042423</pages><issn>0099-2240</issn><eissn>1098-5336</eissn><abstract>In our previous cross-sectional study, multiple species of Campylobacter were detected (88%) in stool samples from children (12 to 14 months of age) in rural eastern Ethiopia. This study assessed the temporal fecal carriage of Campylobacter in infants and identified putative reservoirs associated with these infections in infants from the same region. The prevalence and load of Campylobacter were determined using genus-specific real-time PCR. Stool samples from 106 infants (
= 1,073) were collected monthly from birth until 376 days of age (DOA). Human stool samples (mothers and siblings), livestock feces (cattle, chickens, goats, and sheep), and environmental samples (soil and drinking water) from the 106 households were collected twice per household (
= 1,644). Campylobacter was most prevalent in livestock feces (goats, 99%; sheep, 98%; cattle, 99%; chickens, 93%), followed by human stool samples (siblings, 91%; mothers, 83%; infants, 64%) and environmental samples (soil, 58%; drinking water, 43%). The prevalence of Campylobacter in infant stool samples significantly increased with age, from 30% at 27 DOA to 89% at 360 DOA (1% increase/day in the odds of being colonized) (
< 0.001). The Campylobacter load increased linearly (
< 0.001) with age from 2.95 logs at 25 DOA to 4.13 logs at 360 DOA. Within a household, the Campylobacter load in infant stool samples was positively correlated with the load in mother stool samples (
= 0.18) and soil collected inside the house (
= 0.36), which were in turn both correlated with Campylobacter loads in chicken and cattle feces (0.60 <
< 0.63) (
< 0.01). In conclusion, a high proportion of infants are infected with Campylobacter in eastern Ethiopia, and contact with the mother and contaminated soil may be associated with early infections.
A high Campylobacter prevalence during early childhood has been associated with environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) and stunting, especially in low-resource settings. Our previous study demonstrated that Campylobacter was frequently found (88%) in children from eastern Ethiopia; however, little is known about potential Campylobacter reservoirs and transmission pathways leading to infection of infants by Campylobacter during early growth. In the longitudinal study presented here, Campylobacter was frequently detected in infants within the 106 surveyed households from eastern Ethiopia, and the prevalence was age dependent. Furthermore, preliminary analyses highlighted the potential role of the mother, soil, and livestock in the transmission of Campylobacter to the infant. Further work will explore the species and genetic composition of Campylobacter in infants and putative reservoirs using PCR and whole-genome and metagenomic sequencing. The findings from these studies can lead to the development of interventions to minimize the risk of transmission of Campylobacter to infants and, potentially, EED and stunting.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Society for Microbiology</pub><pmid>37310259</pmid><doi>10.1128/aem.00424-23</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3591-3582</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2443-6733</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0099-2240 |
| ispartof | Applied and environmental microbiology, 2023-07, Vol.89 (7), p.e0042423-e0042423 |
| issn | 0099-2240 1098-5336 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_10370295 |
| source | American Society for Microbiology; MEDLINE; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Age Animals Bacterial Load Campylobacter Campylobacter - genetics Campylobacter - isolation & purification Campylobacter Infections - epidemiology Campylobacter Infections - microbiology Cattle Chickens Drinking water Environmental Microbiology Ethiopia Feces Feces - microbiology Goats Households Human wastes Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Infants Livestock Livestock - microbiology Longitudinal Studies Prevalence Public and Environmental Health Microbiology Rural environments Rural Population Sheep Siblings Soil contamination Soil pollution Soil water Soils |
| title | Prevalence and Load of the Campylobacter Genus in Infants and Associated Household Contacts in Rural Eastern Ethiopia: a Longitudinal Study from the Campylobacter Genomics and Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (CAGED) Project |
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