A Systematic Review on Polyester Scaffolds in Dental Three-dimensional Cell Printing: Transferring Art from the Laboratories to the Clinics

The purpose of this systematic review is to describe developments in three-dimensional (3D) cell printing in the formation of dental pulp tissue using polyester as a scaffold to revitalize the damaged dental pulp tissue. A literature search for all the data published in PubMed and Google Scholar from January 2000 to April 2022 was conducted. Articles with the keywords 3D cell printing, scaffolds, polyester, dental pulp, and dentistry were used. Inclusion criteria consisted of any publication in electronic or print media directly studying or commenting on the use of polyester scaffolds in 3D cell printing technology in the regeneration of dental pulp. A total of 528 articles were selected, of which 27 duplicates and 286 irrelevant articles were discarded. A total of 215 articles were finally included in the systematic review. For dental pulp regeneration, several scaffolds have been discovered to be appealing. Polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), and their copolymers are nontoxic and biocompatible synthetic polyesters that degrade by hydrolysis and have received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for a variety of applications. This review paper is intended to spark new ideas for using a certain scaffold in a specific regenerative approach to produce the desired pulp-dentin complex.