Breast Cancer with Brain Metastasis: Molecular Insights and Clinical Management
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy worldwide and the leading cause of cancer-related death among women. Brain metastases are a primary contributor to mortality, as they often go undetected until late stages due to their dormant nature. Moreover, the clinical management of brai...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Genes 2023-05, Vol.14 (6), p.1160 |
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| creator | Ivanova, Mariia Porta, Francesca Maria Giugliano, Federica Frascarelli, Chiara Sajjadi, Elham Venetis, Konstantinos Cursano, Giulia Mazzarol, Giovanni Guerini-Rocco, Elena Curigliano, Giuseppe Criscitiello, Carmen Fusco, Nicola |
| description | Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy worldwide and the leading cause of cancer-related death among women. Brain metastases are a primary contributor to mortality, as they often go undetected until late stages due to their dormant nature. Moreover, the clinical management of brain metastases is complicated by the relevant issue of blood-brain barrier penetration. The molecular pathways involved in the formation, progression, and colonization of primary breast tumors and subsequent brain metastases are diverse, posing significant hurdles due to the heterogeneous nature of breast cancer subtypes. Despite advancements in primary breast cancer treatments, the prognosis for patients with brain metastases remains poor. In this review, we aim to highlight the biological mechanisms of breast cancer brain metastases by evaluating multi-step genetic pathways and to discuss currently available and emerging treatment strategies to propose a prospective overview of the management of this complex disease. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/genes14061160 |
| format | Article |
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Brain metastases are a primary contributor to mortality, as they often go undetected until late stages due to their dormant nature. Moreover, the clinical management of brain metastases is complicated by the relevant issue of blood-brain barrier penetration. The molecular pathways involved in the formation, progression, and colonization of primary breast tumors and subsequent brain metastases are diverse, posing significant hurdles due to the heterogeneous nature of breast cancer subtypes. Despite advancements in primary breast cancer treatments, the prognosis for patients with brain metastases remains poor. In this review, we aim to highlight the biological mechanisms of breast cancer brain metastases by evaluating multi-step genetic pathways and to discuss currently available and emerging treatment strategies to propose a prospective overview of the management of this complex disease.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4425</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4425</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/genes14061160</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37372340</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Apoptosis ; Blood-brain barrier ; Brain Neoplasms - genetics ; Brain Neoplasms - therapy ; Brain tumors ; Breast - pathology ; Breast cancer ; Breast Neoplasms - genetics ; Breast Neoplasms - metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms - therapy ; Canada ; Cancer ; Cancer therapies ; Care and treatment ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Health aspects ; Humans ; Kinases ; Lymphocytes ; Malignancy ; Medical prognosis ; Metastases ; Metastasis ; Mortality ; Pharmaceutical industry ; Prognosis ; Prospective Studies ; Review ; Tumors ; United Kingdom</subject><ispartof>Genes, 2023-05, Vol.14 (6), p.1160</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2023 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2023 by the authors. 2023</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c483t-1f6c333b0db8d2cc02508b0a83f3eaa582e68716c1b5bec039ff00e57510272d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c483t-1f6c333b0db8d2cc02508b0a83f3eaa582e68716c1b5bec039ff00e57510272d3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2841-5024 ; 0000-0001-7401-1843 ; 0000-0003-1781-2518 ; 0000-0002-9101-9131 ; 0000-0002-7636-1000 ; 0000-0003-3856-5528</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10298724/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10298724/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37372340$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ivanova, Mariia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Porta, Francesca Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Giugliano, Federica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Frascarelli, Chiara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sajjadi, Elham</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Venetis, Konstantinos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cursano, Giulia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mazzarol, Giovanni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guerini-Rocco, Elena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Curigliano, Giuseppe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Criscitiello, Carmen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fusco, Nicola</creatorcontrib><title>Breast Cancer with Brain Metastasis: Molecular Insights and Clinical Management</title><title>Genes</title><addtitle>Genes (Basel)</addtitle><description>Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy worldwide and the leading cause of cancer-related death among women. Brain metastases are a primary contributor to mortality, as they often go undetected until late stages due to their dormant nature. Moreover, the clinical management of brain metastases is complicated by the relevant issue of blood-brain barrier penetration. The molecular pathways involved in the formation, progression, and colonization of primary breast tumors and subsequent brain metastases are diverse, posing significant hurdles due to the heterogeneous nature of breast cancer subtypes. Despite advancements in primary breast cancer treatments, the prognosis for patients with brain metastases remains poor. In this review, we aim to highlight the biological mechanisms of breast cancer brain metastases by evaluating multi-step genetic pathways and to discuss currently available and emerging treatment strategies to propose a prospective overview of the management of this complex disease.</description><subject>Apoptosis</subject><subject>Blood-brain barrier</subject><subject>Brain Neoplasms - genetics</subject><subject>Brain Neoplasms - therapy</subject><subject>Brain tumors</subject><subject>Breast - pathology</subject><subject>Breast cancer</subject><subject>Breast Neoplasms - genetics</subject><subject>Breast Neoplasms - metabolism</subject><subject>Breast Neoplasms - therapy</subject><subject>Canada</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Cancer therapies</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Diagnosis</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Kinases</subject><subject>Lymphocytes</subject><subject>Malignancy</subject><subject>Medical prognosis</subject><subject>Metastases</subject><subject>Metastasis</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Pharmaceutical industry</subject><subject>Prognosis</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>Tumors</subject><subject>United Kingdom</subject><issn>2073-4425</issn><issn>2073-4425</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNptkstv3CAQxlHVqom2OeZaWeqlF6fDw4btpUpWfUTKKpfkjDAee4kwpGCn6n9fojyarQoHEPP7vtEMQ8gxhRPO1_BpxICZCmgpbeEVOWQgeS0Ea16_uB-Qo5xvoCwBDKB5Sw645JJxAYfk8iyhyXO1McFiqn65eVedJeNCtcW5BEx2-XO1jR7t4k2qzkN2427OlQl9tfEuOGt8tTXBjDhhmN-RN4PxGY8ezxW5_vb1avOjvrj8fr45vaitUHyu6dBaznkHfad6Zi2wBlQHRvGBozGNYtgqSVtLu6ZDC3w9DADYyIYCk6znK_Llwfd26SbsbUmdjNe3yU0m_dbROL0fCW6nx3ini36tJBPF4eOjQ4o_F8yznly26L0JGJesmeLQtq0sjVqRD_-gN3FJodRXqGIHign4S43Go3ZhiCWxvTfVp7JUpASXtFAn_6HK7nFyNgYcXHnfE9QPAptizgmH5yIp6Psp0HtTUPj3LzvzTD_9Of8DoeOrqQ</recordid><startdate>20230526</startdate><enddate>20230526</enddate><creator>Ivanova, Mariia</creator><creator>Porta, Francesca Maria</creator><creator>Giugliano, Federica</creator><creator>Frascarelli, Chiara</creator><creator>Sajjadi, Elham</creator><creator>Venetis, Konstantinos</creator><creator>Cursano, Giulia</creator><creator>Mazzarol, Giovanni</creator><creator>Guerini-Rocco, Elena</creator><creator>Curigliano, Giuseppe</creator><creator>Criscitiello, Carmen</creator><creator>Fusco, Nicola</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2841-5024</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7401-1843</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1781-2518</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-9131</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7636-1000</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3856-5528</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230526</creationdate><title>Breast Cancer with Brain Metastasis: Molecular Insights and Clinical Management</title><author>Ivanova, Mariia ; 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| subjects | Apoptosis Blood-brain barrier Brain Neoplasms - genetics Brain Neoplasms - therapy Brain tumors Breast - pathology Breast cancer Breast Neoplasms - genetics Breast Neoplasms - metabolism Breast Neoplasms - therapy Canada Cancer Cancer therapies Care and treatment Diagnosis Female Health aspects Humans Kinases Lymphocytes Malignancy Medical prognosis Metastases Metastasis Mortality Pharmaceutical industry Prognosis Prospective Studies Review Tumors United Kingdom |
| title | Breast Cancer with Brain Metastasis: Molecular Insights and Clinical Management |
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