Prenatal maternal stress, child internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and the moderating role of parenting: findings from the Norwegian mother, father, and child cohort study
Few studies have examined how parenting influences the associations between prenatal maternal stress and children's mental health. The objectives of this study were to examine the sex-specific associations between prenatal maternal stress and child internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Psychological medicine 2023-04, Vol.53 (6), p.2437-2447 |
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| creator | Clayborne, Zahra M. Nilsen, Wendy Torvik, Fartein Ask Gustavson, Kristin Bekkhus, Mona Gilman, Stephen E. Khandaker, Golam M. Fell, Deshayne B. Colman, Ian |
| description | Few studies have examined how parenting influences the associations between prenatal maternal stress and children's mental health. The objectives of this study were to examine the sex-specific associations between prenatal maternal stress and child internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and to assess the moderating effects of parenting behaviors on these associations.
This study is based on 15 963 mother-child dyads from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). A broad measure of prenatal maternal stress was constructed using 41 self-reported items measured during pregnancy. Three parenting behaviors (positive parenting, inconsistent discipline, and positive involvement) were assessed by maternal report at child age 5 years. Child symptoms of internalizing and externalizing disorders (depression, anxiety, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and oppositional-defiant disorder) were assessed by maternal report at age 8. Analyses were conducted using structural equation modeling techniques.
Prenatal maternal stress was associated with child internalizing and externalizing symptoms at age 8; associations with externalizing symptoms differed by sex. Associations between prenatal maternal stress and child depression, and conduct disorder and oppositional-defiant disorder in males, became stronger as levels of inconsistent discipline increased. Associations between prenatal maternal stress and symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in females were attenuated as levels of parental involvement increased.
This study confirms associations between prenatal maternal stress and children's mental health outcomes, and demonstrates that these associations may be modified by parenting behaviors. Parenting may represent an important intervention target for improving mental health outcomes in children exposed to prenatal stress. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1017/S0033291721004311 |
| format | Article |
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This study is based on 15 963 mother-child dyads from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). A broad measure of prenatal maternal stress was constructed using 41 self-reported items measured during pregnancy. Three parenting behaviors (positive parenting, inconsistent discipline, and positive involvement) were assessed by maternal report at child age 5 years. Child symptoms of internalizing and externalizing disorders (depression, anxiety, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and oppositional-defiant disorder) were assessed by maternal report at age 8. Analyses were conducted using structural equation modeling techniques.
Prenatal maternal stress was associated with child internalizing and externalizing symptoms at age 8; associations with externalizing symptoms differed by sex. Associations between prenatal maternal stress and child depression, and conduct disorder and oppositional-defiant disorder in males, became stronger as levels of inconsistent discipline increased. Associations between prenatal maternal stress and symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in females were attenuated as levels of parental involvement increased.
This study confirms associations between prenatal maternal stress and children's mental health outcomes, and demonstrates that these associations may be modified by parenting behaviors. Parenting may represent an important intervention target for improving mental health outcomes in children exposed to prenatal stress.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0033-2917</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1469-8978</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1017/S0033291721004311</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37310302</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press</publisher><subject>Academic disciplines ; Age ; Anxiety ; Anxiety disorders ; Attention ; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ; Behavior ; Child ; Child & adolescent mental health ; Child, Preschool ; Children ; Cohort analysis ; Cohort Studies ; Conduct disorder ; Discipline ; Externalizing problems ; Fathers ; Female ; Fetuses ; Gender differences ; Health behavior ; Health status ; Humans ; Hyperactivity ; Hypotheses ; Internalization ; Likert scale ; Male ; Males ; Maternal depression ; Maternal stress ; Medical research ; Mental depression ; Mental disorders ; Mental health ; Mental health services ; Mothers ; Oppositional-defiant disorder ; Original Article ; Parent educational background ; Parent participation ; Parental behavior ; Parental stress ; Parenting ; Parents ; Parents & parenting ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal care ; Prenatal experience ; Questionnaires ; Research ethics ; Stress ; Structural equation modeling ; Symptoms</subject><ispartof>Psychological medicine, 2023-04, Vol.53 (6), p.2437-2447</ispartof><rights>Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c472t-eeedc2c9df6b2126d548559ab7aec7fa18e79a327a54289dbcda7a5e91da62423</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c472t-eeedc2c9df6b2126d548559ab7aec7fa18e79a327a54289dbcda7a5e91da62423</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2016-1015</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0033291721004311/type/journal_article$$EHTML$$P50$$Gcambridge$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>164,230,314,776,780,881,12825,27321,27901,27902,30976,33751,55603</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37310302$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Clayborne, Zahra M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nilsen, Wendy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Torvik, Fartein Ask</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gustavson, Kristin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bekkhus, Mona</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gilman, Stephen E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khandaker, Golam M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fell, Deshayne B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Colman, Ian</creatorcontrib><title>Prenatal maternal stress, child internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and the moderating role of parenting: findings from the Norwegian mother, father, and child cohort study</title><title>Psychological medicine</title><addtitle>Psychol. Med</addtitle><description>Few studies have examined how parenting influences the associations between prenatal maternal stress and children's mental health. The objectives of this study were to examine the sex-specific associations between prenatal maternal stress and child internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and to assess the moderating effects of parenting behaviors on these associations.
This study is based on 15 963 mother-child dyads from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). A broad measure of prenatal maternal stress was constructed using 41 self-reported items measured during pregnancy. Three parenting behaviors (positive parenting, inconsistent discipline, and positive involvement) were assessed by maternal report at child age 5 years. Child symptoms of internalizing and externalizing disorders (depression, anxiety, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and oppositional-defiant disorder) were assessed by maternal report at age 8. Analyses were conducted using structural equation modeling techniques.
Prenatal maternal stress was associated with child internalizing and externalizing symptoms at age 8; associations with externalizing symptoms differed by sex. Associations between prenatal maternal stress and child depression, and conduct disorder and oppositional-defiant disorder in males, became stronger as levels of inconsistent discipline increased. Associations between prenatal maternal stress and symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in females were attenuated as levels of parental involvement increased.
This study confirms associations between prenatal maternal stress and children's mental health outcomes, and demonstrates that these associations may be modified by parenting behaviors. Parenting may represent an important intervention target for improving mental health outcomes in children exposed to prenatal stress.</description><subject>Academic disciplines</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Anxiety</subject><subject>Anxiety disorders</subject><subject>Attention</subject><subject>Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder</subject><subject>Behavior</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child & adolescent mental health</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Cohort analysis</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Conduct disorder</subject><subject>Discipline</subject><subject>Externalizing problems</subject><subject>Fathers</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fetuses</subject><subject>Gender differences</subject><subject>Health behavior</subject><subject>Health status</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hyperactivity</subject><subject>Hypotheses</subject><subject>Internalization</subject><subject>Likert scale</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Males</subject><subject>Maternal depression</subject><subject>Maternal stress</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Mental depression</subject><subject>Mental disorders</subject><subject>Mental health</subject><subject>Mental health services</subject><subject>Mothers</subject><subject>Oppositional-defiant disorder</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Parent educational background</subject><subject>Parent participation</subject><subject>Parental behavior</subject><subject>Parental stress</subject><subject>Parenting</subject><subject>Parents</subject><subject>Parents & parenting</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Prenatal care</subject><subject>Prenatal experience</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>Research 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Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Clayborne, Zahra M.</au><au>Nilsen, Wendy</au><au>Torvik, Fartein Ask</au><au>Gustavson, Kristin</au><au>Bekkhus, Mona</au><au>Gilman, Stephen E.</au><au>Khandaker, Golam M.</au><au>Fell, Deshayne B.</au><au>Colman, Ian</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Prenatal maternal stress, child internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and the moderating role of parenting: findings from the Norwegian mother, father, and child cohort study</atitle><jtitle>Psychological medicine</jtitle><addtitle>Psychol. Med</addtitle><date>2023-04-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>53</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>2437</spage><epage>2447</epage><pages>2437-2447</pages><issn>0033-2917</issn><eissn>1469-8978</eissn><abstract>Few studies have examined how parenting influences the associations between prenatal maternal stress and children's mental health. The objectives of this study were to examine the sex-specific associations between prenatal maternal stress and child internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and to assess the moderating effects of parenting behaviors on these associations.
This study is based on 15 963 mother-child dyads from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). A broad measure of prenatal maternal stress was constructed using 41 self-reported items measured during pregnancy. Three parenting behaviors (positive parenting, inconsistent discipline, and positive involvement) were assessed by maternal report at child age 5 years. Child symptoms of internalizing and externalizing disorders (depression, anxiety, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and oppositional-defiant disorder) were assessed by maternal report at age 8. Analyses were conducted using structural equation modeling techniques.
Prenatal maternal stress was associated with child internalizing and externalizing symptoms at age 8; associations with externalizing symptoms differed by sex. Associations between prenatal maternal stress and child depression, and conduct disorder and oppositional-defiant disorder in males, became stronger as levels of inconsistent discipline increased. Associations between prenatal maternal stress and symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in females were attenuated as levels of parental involvement increased.
This study confirms associations between prenatal maternal stress and children's mental health outcomes, and demonstrates that these associations may be modified by parenting behaviors. Parenting may represent an important intervention target for improving mental health outcomes in children exposed to prenatal stress.</abstract><cop>Cambridge, UK</cop><pub>Cambridge University Press</pub><pmid>37310302</pmid><doi>10.1017/S0033291721004311</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2016-1015</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Psychological medicine, 2023-04, Vol.53 (6), p.2437-2447 |
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| source | Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA); MEDLINE; Sociological Abstracts; Cambridge University Press Journals Complete |
| subjects | Academic disciplines Age Anxiety Anxiety disorders Attention Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Behavior Child Child & adolescent mental health Child, Preschool Children Cohort analysis Cohort Studies Conduct disorder Discipline Externalizing problems Fathers Female Fetuses Gender differences Health behavior Health status Humans Hyperactivity Hypotheses Internalization Likert scale Male Males Maternal depression Maternal stress Medical research Mental depression Mental disorders Mental health Mental health services Mothers Oppositional-defiant disorder Original Article Parent educational background Parent participation Parental behavior Parental stress Parenting Parents Parents & parenting Pregnancy Prenatal care Prenatal experience Questionnaires Research ethics Stress Structural equation modeling Symptoms |
| title | Prenatal maternal stress, child internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and the moderating role of parenting: findings from the Norwegian mother, father, and child cohort study |
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