Environmental exposure assessment of lead and cadmium in street vended foods sold in selected locations in Kenya
The preparation and handling practices, as well as raw materials for street food vending businesses, could be sources of toxic heavy metals in street vended foods (SVFs). The objective of this study was to assess the levels of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) contamination in ready‐to‐eat SVFs sold in sel...
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| creator | Mwove, Johnson Imathiu, Samuel Orina, Irene Karanja, Paul |
| description | The preparation and handling practices, as well as raw materials for street food vending businesses, could be sources of toxic heavy metals in street vended foods (SVFs). The objective of this study was to assess the levels of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) contamination in ready‐to‐eat SVFs sold in selected locations within Thika town, Kenya. A total of 199 samples consisting of cereal‐based foods, sliced fruits, salads, groundnuts, tubers, fresh fruit juices, eggs, smokies, and sausages were randomly collected for analysis. The concentration of Pb and Cd in street vended foods (SVFs) was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results indicated that at least one of the food sample types was contaminated with Pb. The level of Pb contamination in SVFs ranged between 0.271 ± 0.070 and 1.891 ± 0.130 mg/kg with groundnuts recording significantly (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/fsn3.3344 |
| format | Article |
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Heavy metals, such as lead and cadmium are extremely toxic to human health and capable of bioaccumulation. Continuous ingestion of these heavy metals has a damaging effect on human health. The presence of lead and cadmium in street vended foods therefore poses a public health concern considering the huge population of people who consume these foods.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2048-7177</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2048-7177</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3344</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37324892</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: John Wiley & Sons, Inc</publisher><subject>Atomic absorption spectrophotometry ; Cadmium ; Cereals ; Chemical contaminants ; Contamination ; Developing countries ; Food ; Food contamination ; Food contamination & poisoning ; Food products ; Food safety ; Food selection ; Fruit juices ; Fruits ; Groundnuts ; heavy metal exposure assessment ; Heavy metals ; human health ; Laboratories ; LDCs ; Lead ; lead and cadmium ; Raw materials ; Review ; Reviews ; Safety and security measures ; Salads ; Sausages ; Spectral analysis ; Spectrophotometry ; street vended foods ; Variance analysis ; Vegetables ; Vendors</subject><ispartof>Food Science & Nutrition, 2023-06, Vol.11 (6), p.2610-2619</ispartof><rights>2023 The Authors. published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.</rights><rights>2023 The Authors. Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2023 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</rights><rights>2023. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5114-187872b790924af952c80ecfaad414246a0772958985e708d950e45e4bb1e953</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5114-187872b790924af952c80ecfaad414246a0772958985e708d950e45e4bb1e953</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2648-1562 ; 0000-0002-7976-5959</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10261756/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10261756/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,1416,11560,27922,27923,45572,45573,46050,46474,53789,53791</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37324892$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mwove, Johnson</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Imathiu, Samuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Orina, Irene</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Karanja, Paul</creatorcontrib><title>Environmental exposure assessment of lead and cadmium in street vended foods sold in selected locations in Kenya</title><title>Food Science & Nutrition</title><addtitle>Food Sci Nutr</addtitle><description>The preparation and handling practices, as well as raw materials for street food vending businesses, could be sources of toxic heavy metals in street vended foods (SVFs). The objective of this study was to assess the levels of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) contamination in ready‐to‐eat SVFs sold in selected locations within Thika town, Kenya. A total of 199 samples consisting of cereal‐based foods, sliced fruits, salads, groundnuts, tubers, fresh fruit juices, eggs, smokies, and sausages were randomly collected for analysis. The concentration of Pb and Cd in street vended foods (SVFs) was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results indicated that at least one of the food sample types was contaminated with Pb. The level of Pb contamination in SVFs ranged between 0.271 ± 0.070 and 1.891 ± 0.130 mg/kg with groundnuts recording significantly (p < .0001) higher levels (1.891 mg/kg) than all other food samples. Cadmium contamination levels in the SVF samples ranged between 0.001 ± 0.001 and 0.010 ± 0.003 mg/kg. Significantly (p < .0001) high levels of Cd were observed in cereal‐based foods (0.010 mg/kg) and fresh fruit juices (0.008 mg/kg). The Pb concentrations reported in this study are a food safety concern since they exceed the maximum recommended limits set by the Joint Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO) food standards program. There is therefore a need for the establishment and enforcement of policies to govern the street food vending businesses to reduce heavy metal contamination in the SVFs.
Heavy metals, such as lead and cadmium are extremely toxic to human health and capable of bioaccumulation. Continuous ingestion of these heavy metals has a damaging effect on human health. The presence of lead and cadmium in street vended foods therefore poses a public health concern considering the huge population of people who consume these foods.</description><subject>Atomic absorption spectrophotometry</subject><subject>Cadmium</subject><subject>Cereals</subject><subject>Chemical contaminants</subject><subject>Contamination</subject><subject>Developing countries</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>Food contamination</subject><subject>Food contamination & poisoning</subject><subject>Food products</subject><subject>Food safety</subject><subject>Food selection</subject><subject>Fruit juices</subject><subject>Fruits</subject><subject>Groundnuts</subject><subject>heavy metal exposure assessment</subject><subject>Heavy metals</subject><subject>human health</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>LDCs</subject><subject>Lead</subject><subject>lead and cadmium</subject><subject>Raw materials</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>Reviews</subject><subject>Safety and security measures</subject><subject>Salads</subject><subject>Sausages</subject><subject>Spectral analysis</subject><subject>Spectrophotometry</subject><subject>street vended foods</subject><subject>Variance analysis</subject><subject>Vegetables</subject><subject>Vendors</subject><issn>2048-7177</issn><issn>2048-7177</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><sourceid>WIN</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kUFvVCEUhYnR2KZ24R8wJG50MVPgwQAr0zStNm10YfeEgfsqDQ9GeG_q_Ht5ndpUE2EBOXz3XG4OQm8pWVJC2ElfU7fsOs5foENGuFpIKuXLZ_cDdFzrHWlLc7pi7DU66GTHuNLsEG3O0zaUnAZIo40Yfm1ynQpgWyvUOqs49ziC9dgmj531Q5gGHBKuYwEY8RaSB4_7nH3FNUf_8AYR3NjkmJ0dQ051Vq8g7ewb9Kq3scLx43mEbi7Ob86-LK6_fb48O71eOEEpX1AllWRrqYlm3PZaMKcIuN5azylnfGWJlEwLpZUASZTXggAXwNdrClp0R-jT3nYzrQfwrg1SbDSbEgZbdibbYP5-SeGHuc1bQwlbUSlWzeHDo0PJPyeooxlCdRCjTZCnaphikgkpOGno-3_QuzyV1MabKUGYVEI3armnbm0EE1KfW2PXtochuJygD00_lVISwaVWreDjvsCVXGuB_un7lJg5ezNnb-bsG_vu-bxP5J-kG3CyB-5bl93_nczF96_dg-VvFrG4qA</recordid><startdate>202306</startdate><enddate>202306</enddate><creator>Mwove, Johnson</creator><creator>Imathiu, Samuel</creator><creator>Orina, Irene</creator><creator>Karanja, Paul</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</general><general>John Wiley and Sons Inc</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>WIN</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IAO</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2648-1562</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7976-5959</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202306</creationdate><title>Environmental exposure assessment of lead and cadmium in street vended foods sold in selected locations in Kenya</title><author>Mwove, Johnson ; 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The objective of this study was to assess the levels of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) contamination in ready‐to‐eat SVFs sold in selected locations within Thika town, Kenya. A total of 199 samples consisting of cereal‐based foods, sliced fruits, salads, groundnuts, tubers, fresh fruit juices, eggs, smokies, and sausages were randomly collected for analysis. The concentration of Pb and Cd in street vended foods (SVFs) was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results indicated that at least one of the food sample types was contaminated with Pb. The level of Pb contamination in SVFs ranged between 0.271 ± 0.070 and 1.891 ± 0.130 mg/kg with groundnuts recording significantly (p < .0001) higher levels (1.891 mg/kg) than all other food samples. Cadmium contamination levels in the SVF samples ranged between 0.001 ± 0.001 and 0.010 ± 0.003 mg/kg. Significantly (p < .0001) high levels of Cd were observed in cereal‐based foods (0.010 mg/kg) and fresh fruit juices (0.008 mg/kg). The Pb concentrations reported in this study are a food safety concern since they exceed the maximum recommended limits set by the Joint Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO) food standards program. There is therefore a need for the establishment and enforcement of policies to govern the street food vending businesses to reduce heavy metal contamination in the SVFs.
Heavy metals, such as lead and cadmium are extremely toxic to human health and capable of bioaccumulation. Continuous ingestion of these heavy metals has a damaging effect on human health. The presence of lead and cadmium in street vended foods therefore poses a public health concern considering the huge population of people who consume these foods.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</pub><pmid>37324892</pmid><doi>10.1002/fsn3.3344</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2648-1562</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7976-5959</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Atomic absorption spectrophotometry Cadmium Cereals Chemical contaminants Contamination Developing countries Food Food contamination Food contamination & poisoning Food products Food safety Food selection Fruit juices Fruits Groundnuts heavy metal exposure assessment Heavy metals human health Laboratories LDCs Lead lead and cadmium Raw materials Review Reviews Safety and security measures Salads Sausages Spectral analysis Spectrophotometry street vended foods Variance analysis Vegetables Vendors |
| title | Environmental exposure assessment of lead and cadmium in street vended foods sold in selected locations in Kenya |
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