Particle Exposure Hazards of Visiting Outdoor Smoking Areas for Patients with Asthma or COPD Even in EU Countries with Comprehensive Smokefree Laws
Smokefree laws are intended to protect against second-hand smoke (SHS) in outdoor areas. We examined if exposure to PM2.5 particles in outdoor smoking areas changed breathing rates in 60 patients with asthma ( = 30) or with COPD ( = 30), in an open, non-randomised, interventional study model in Czec...
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Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of environmental research and public health 2023-05, Vol.20 (11), p.5978 |
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creator | Keogan, Sheila Alonso, Tamara Sunday, Salome Hanafin, Joan Tigova, Olena Fernandez, Esteve Lopez, Maria Jose Gallus, Silvano Semple, Sean Tzortzi, Anna Boffi, Roberto Gorini, Giuseppe Lopez-Nicolas, Angel Arvind, D K Radu-Loghin, Cornel Soriano, Joan B Clancy, Luke |
description | Smokefree laws are intended to protect against second-hand smoke (SHS) in outdoor areas. We examined if exposure to PM2.5 particles in outdoor smoking areas changed breathing rates in 60 patients with asthma (
= 30) or with COPD (
= 30), in an open, non-randomised, interventional study model in Czechia, Ireland and Spain. The patients wore a PM2.5 particle monitor (AirSpeck) and a breath monitor (RESpeck) for 24 h to determine changes in breathing rates (Br) at rest and during a visit to an outside smoking area. Spirometry and breath CO were measured before and the day after visiting an outdoor smoking area. The PM2.5 levels at the 60 venues were highly variable, ranging from ≥2000 µg/m
(in 4 premises) to ≤10 µg/m
(in 3 premises, which had only a single wall in the structure). At 39 venues, the mean PM 2.5 levels were ≥25 µg/m
. The breathing rate changed significantly in 57 of the 60 patients, resulting in an increase in some patients and a decrease in others. Comprehensive smokefree laws were ineffective in protecting asthma and COPD patients from exposure to high levels of SHS in outside areas of pubs and terraces, which should be avoided by these patients. These findings also support the extension of smokefree laws to outside areas. |
doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijerph20115978 |
format | Article |
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= 30) or with COPD (
= 30), in an open, non-randomised, interventional study model in Czechia, Ireland and Spain. The patients wore a PM2.5 particle monitor (AirSpeck) and a breath monitor (RESpeck) for 24 h to determine changes in breathing rates (Br) at rest and during a visit to an outside smoking area. Spirometry and breath CO were measured before and the day after visiting an outdoor smoking area. The PM2.5 levels at the 60 venues were highly variable, ranging from ≥2000 µg/m
(in 4 premises) to ≤10 µg/m
(in 3 premises, which had only a single wall in the structure). At 39 venues, the mean PM 2.5 levels were ≥25 µg/m
. The breathing rate changed significantly in 57 of the 60 patients, resulting in an increase in some patients and a decrease in others. Comprehensive smokefree laws were ineffective in protecting asthma and COPD patients from exposure to high levels of SHS in outside areas of pubs and terraces, which should be avoided by these patients. These findings also support the extension of smokefree laws to outside areas.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-7827</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20115978</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37297582</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Air Pollution, Indoor ; Asthma ; Asthma - epidemiology ; Care and treatment ; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ; Consent ; Ethics ; Exposure ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Laboratories ; Medical law ; Medical research ; Medicine, Experimental ; Outdoors ; Particulate matter ; Passive smoking ; Patients ; Population ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - epidemiology ; Respiratory diseases ; Smoking ; Social life & customs ; Spain ; Terraces ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution - analysis</subject><ispartof>International journal of environmental research and public health, 2023-05, Vol.20 (11), p.5978</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2023 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2023 by the authors. 2023</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3568-50c57c771d669a5e8ed1e52f550a394d3cd414521e6fb37ea2b76430d4ee59403</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-4239-723X ; 0000-0002-8967-0400 ; 0000-0001-9740-2994 ; 0000-0002-0462-7295 ; 0000-0002-1413-5948 ; 0000-0003-2407-2263 ; 0000-0003-4402-2239 ; 0000-0002-1657-1591 ; 0000-0003-2420-7922 ; 0000-0002-8016-2266</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10252725/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10252725/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37297582$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Keogan, Sheila</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alonso, Tamara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sunday, Salome</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hanafin, Joan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tigova, Olena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fernandez, Esteve</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lopez, Maria Jose</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gallus, Silvano</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Semple, Sean</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tzortzi, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boffi, Roberto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gorini, Giuseppe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lopez-Nicolas, Angel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arvind, D K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Radu-Loghin, Cornel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Soriano, Joan B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clancy, Luke</creatorcontrib><title>Particle Exposure Hazards of Visiting Outdoor Smoking Areas for Patients with Asthma or COPD Even in EU Countries with Comprehensive Smokefree Laws</title><title>International journal of environmental research and public health</title><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><description>Smokefree laws are intended to protect against second-hand smoke (SHS) in outdoor areas. We examined if exposure to PM2.5 particles in outdoor smoking areas changed breathing rates in 60 patients with asthma (
= 30) or with COPD (
= 30), in an open, non-randomised, interventional study model in Czechia, Ireland and Spain. The patients wore a PM2.5 particle monitor (AirSpeck) and a breath monitor (RESpeck) for 24 h to determine changes in breathing rates (Br) at rest and during a visit to an outside smoking area. Spirometry and breath CO were measured before and the day after visiting an outdoor smoking area. The PM2.5 levels at the 60 venues were highly variable, ranging from ≥2000 µg/m
(in 4 premises) to ≤10 µg/m
(in 3 premises, which had only a single wall in the structure). At 39 venues, the mean PM 2.5 levels were ≥25 µg/m
. The breathing rate changed significantly in 57 of the 60 patients, resulting in an increase in some patients and a decrease in others. Comprehensive smokefree laws were ineffective in protecting asthma and COPD patients from exposure to high levels of SHS in outside areas of pubs and terraces, which should be avoided by these patients. These findings also support the extension of smokefree laws to outside areas.</description><subject>Air Pollution, Indoor</subject><subject>Asthma</subject><subject>Asthma - epidemiology</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</subject><subject>Consent</subject><subject>Ethics</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Medical law</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Medicine, Experimental</subject><subject>Outdoors</subject><subject>Particulate matter</subject><subject>Passive smoking</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - epidemiology</subject><subject>Respiratory diseases</subject><subject>Smoking</subject><subject>Social life & customs</subject><subject>Spain</subject><subject>Terraces</subject><subject>Tobacco Smoke Pollution - analysis</subject><issn>1660-4601</issn><issn>1661-7827</issn><issn>1660-4601</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNptkk2P0zAQhiMEYj_gyhFZ4sKliz9iOzmhKnRZpEqtBMvVcp1J45LYxU66wN_gD-NAWXbRygfbr595xzOaLHtB8AVjJX5jdxD2LcWE8FIWj7JTIgSe5QKTx3fOJ9lZjDuMWZGL8ml2wiQtJS_oafZzrcNgTQdo8W3v4xgAXekfOtQR-QZ9ttEO1m3Rahxq7wP62Psv030eQEfUJGWtBwtuiOjGDi2ax6HtNUp6tVq_Q4sDOGQdWlyjyo9uCBaOYOX7fYAWXLQH-G0LTQBAS30Tn2VPGt1FeH7cz7Pry8Wn6mq2XL3_UM2XM8O4KGYcGy6NlKQWotQcCqgJcNpwjjUr85qZOic5pwREs2ESNN1IkTNc5wC8zDE7z97-8d2Pmx5qk8oIulP7YHsdviuvrbr_4myrtv6gCKacSsqTw-ujQ_BfR4iD6m000HXagR-jogVNDReEsYS--g_d-TG4VN9EsbKkkot_1FZ3oKxrfEpsJlM1lyln-nU-eV08QKVVQ2-Nd9DYpD8UYIKPMUBzWyTBapojdX-OUsDLu625xf8ODvsFLabEbA</recordid><startdate>20230528</startdate><enddate>20230528</enddate><creator>Keogan, Sheila</creator><creator>Alonso, Tamara</creator><creator>Sunday, Salome</creator><creator>Hanafin, Joan</creator><creator>Tigova, Olena</creator><creator>Fernandez, Esteve</creator><creator>Lopez, Maria Jose</creator><creator>Gallus, Silvano</creator><creator>Semple, Sean</creator><creator>Tzortzi, Anna</creator><creator>Boffi, Roberto</creator><creator>Gorini, Giuseppe</creator><creator>Lopez-Nicolas, Angel</creator><creator>Arvind, D K</creator><creator>Radu-Loghin, Cornel</creator><creator>Soriano, Joan B</creator><creator>Clancy, Luke</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4239-723X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8967-0400</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9740-2994</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0462-7295</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1413-5948</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2407-2263</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4402-2239</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1657-1591</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2420-7922</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8016-2266</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230528</creationdate><title>Particle Exposure Hazards of Visiting Outdoor Smoking Areas for Patients with Asthma or COPD Even in EU Countries with Comprehensive Smokefree Laws</title><author>Keogan, Sheila ; Alonso, Tamara ; Sunday, Salome ; Hanafin, Joan ; Tigova, Olena ; Fernandez, Esteve ; Lopez, Maria Jose ; Gallus, Silvano ; Semple, Sean ; Tzortzi, Anna ; Boffi, Roberto ; Gorini, Giuseppe ; Lopez-Nicolas, Angel ; Arvind, D K ; Radu-Loghin, Cornel ; Soriano, Joan B ; Clancy, Luke</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3568-50c57c771d669a5e8ed1e52f550a394d3cd414521e6fb37ea2b76430d4ee59403</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Air Pollution, Indoor</topic><topic>Asthma</topic><topic>Asthma - epidemiology</topic><topic>Care and treatment</topic><topic>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</topic><topic>Consent</topic><topic>Ethics</topic><topic>Exposure</topic><topic>Hospitals</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Medical law</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>Medicine, Experimental</topic><topic>Outdoors</topic><topic>Particulate matter</topic><topic>Passive smoking</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Population</topic><topic>Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - epidemiology</topic><topic>Respiratory diseases</topic><topic>Smoking</topic><topic>Social life & customs</topic><topic>Spain</topic><topic>Terraces</topic><topic>Tobacco Smoke Pollution - analysis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Keogan, Sheila</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alonso, Tamara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sunday, Salome</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hanafin, Joan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tigova, Olena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fernandez, Esteve</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lopez, Maria Jose</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gallus, Silvano</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Semple, Sean</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tzortzi, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boffi, Roberto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gorini, Giuseppe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lopez-Nicolas, Angel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arvind, D K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Radu-Loghin, Cornel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Soriano, Joan B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clancy, Luke</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health and Medical</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Public Health Database (Proquest)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>PML(ProQuest Medical Library)</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>MEDLINE - 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We examined if exposure to PM2.5 particles in outdoor smoking areas changed breathing rates in 60 patients with asthma (
= 30) or with COPD (
= 30), in an open, non-randomised, interventional study model in Czechia, Ireland and Spain. The patients wore a PM2.5 particle monitor (AirSpeck) and a breath monitor (RESpeck) for 24 h to determine changes in breathing rates (Br) at rest and during a visit to an outside smoking area. Spirometry and breath CO were measured before and the day after visiting an outdoor smoking area. The PM2.5 levels at the 60 venues were highly variable, ranging from ≥2000 µg/m
(in 4 premises) to ≤10 µg/m
(in 3 premises, which had only a single wall in the structure). At 39 venues, the mean PM 2.5 levels were ≥25 µg/m
. The breathing rate changed significantly in 57 of the 60 patients, resulting in an increase in some patients and a decrease in others. Comprehensive smokefree laws were ineffective in protecting asthma and COPD patients from exposure to high levels of SHS in outside areas of pubs and terraces, which should be avoided by these patients. These findings also support the extension of smokefree laws to outside areas.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>37297582</pmid><doi>10.3390/ijerph20115978</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4239-723X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8967-0400</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9740-2994</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0462-7295</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1413-5948</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2407-2263</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4402-2239</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1657-1591</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2420-7922</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8016-2266</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Air Pollution, Indoor Asthma Asthma - epidemiology Care and treatment Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Consent Ethics Exposure Hospitals Humans Laboratories Medical law Medical research Medicine, Experimental Outdoors Particulate matter Passive smoking Patients Population Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - epidemiology Respiratory diseases Smoking Social life & customs Spain Terraces Tobacco Smoke Pollution - analysis |
title | Particle Exposure Hazards of Visiting Outdoor Smoking Areas for Patients with Asthma or COPD Even in EU Countries with Comprehensive Smokefree Laws |
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