The Effect of Microwave Radiation on the Self-Healing Performance of Asphalt Mixtures with Steel Slag Aggregates and Steel Fibers
Self-healing in asphalt mixtures is a property that can be enhanced by external heating, which causes a thermal expansion that increases the flow of bitumen with reduced viscosity through the cracks. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effects of microwave heating on the self-healing performa...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Materials 2023-05, Vol.16 (10), p.3712 |
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| creator | Loureiro, Carlos D A Silva, Hugo M R D Oliveira, Joel R M Costa, Nuno L S Palha, Carlos A O |
| description | Self-healing in asphalt mixtures is a property that can be enhanced by external heating, which causes a thermal expansion that increases the flow of bitumen with reduced viscosity through the cracks. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effects of microwave heating on the self-healing performance of three asphalt mixtures: (1) conventional, (2) with steel wool fibers (SWF), and (3) with steel slag aggregates (SSA) and SWF. After evaluating the microwave heating capacity of the three asphalt mixtures with a thermographic camera, their self-healing performance was determined with fracture or fatigue tests and microwave heating recovery cycles. The results demonstrated that the mixtures with SSA and SWF promoted higher heating temperatures and presented the best self-healing capacity during the semicircular bending test and heating cycles, with significant strength recovery after a total fracture. In contrast, the mixtures without SSA presented inferior fracture results. Both the conventional mixture and that containing SSA and SWF presented high healing indexes after the four-point bending fatigue test and heating cycles, with a fatigue life recovery of around 150% after applying two healing cycles. Therefore, the conclusion is that SSA greatly influences the self-healing performance of asphalt mixtures after microwave radiation heating. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ma16103712 |
| format | Article |
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Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effects of microwave heating on the self-healing performance of three asphalt mixtures: (1) conventional, (2) with steel wool fibers (SWF), and (3) with steel slag aggregates (SSA) and SWF. After evaluating the microwave heating capacity of the three asphalt mixtures with a thermographic camera, their self-healing performance was determined with fracture or fatigue tests and microwave heating recovery cycles. The results demonstrated that the mixtures with SSA and SWF promoted higher heating temperatures and presented the best self-healing capacity during the semicircular bending test and heating cycles, with significant strength recovery after a total fracture. In contrast, the mixtures without SSA presented inferior fracture results. Both the conventional mixture and that containing SSA and SWF presented high healing indexes after the four-point bending fatigue test and heating cycles, with a fatigue life recovery of around 150% after applying two healing cycles. Therefore, the conclusion is that SSA greatly influences the self-healing performance of asphalt mixtures after microwave radiation heating.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ma16103712</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37241337</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Aggregates ; Asphalt mixes ; Asphalt pavements ; Bend tests ; Bending fatigue ; Bituminous materials ; By products ; Concrete ; Crack propagation ; Cracks ; Efficiency ; Emissions ; Energy consumption ; Fatigue ; Fatigue cracks ; Fatigue failure ; Fatigue life ; Fatigue testing machines ; Fatigue tests ; Infrastructure ; Iron ; Materials ; Microwaves ; Performance indices ; Radiant heating ; Radiation ; Recovery ; Slag ; Steel fibers ; Steel production ; Sustainability ; Thermal expansion ; Thermography ; Viscoelasticity</subject><ispartof>Materials, 2023-05, Vol.16 (10), p.3712</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2023 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2023 by the authors. 2023</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c471t-7aea007a8e8008d2e46e1a8b945326e9142e4daf39f004b8bc115f3eb855a7ff3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c471t-7aea007a8e8008d2e46e1a8b945326e9142e4daf39f004b8bc115f3eb855a7ff3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-4677-4581 ; 0000-0002-8077-9792 ; 0000-0003-4589-5250</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10222284/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10222284/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,724,777,781,882,27905,27906,53772,53774</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37241337$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Loureiro, Carlos D A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Silva, Hugo M R D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oliveira, Joel R M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Costa, Nuno L S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Palha, Carlos A O</creatorcontrib><title>The Effect of Microwave Radiation on the Self-Healing Performance of Asphalt Mixtures with Steel Slag Aggregates and Steel Fibers</title><title>Materials</title><addtitle>Materials (Basel)</addtitle><description>Self-healing in asphalt mixtures is a property that can be enhanced by external heating, which causes a thermal expansion that increases the flow of bitumen with reduced viscosity through the cracks. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effects of microwave heating on the self-healing performance of three asphalt mixtures: (1) conventional, (2) with steel wool fibers (SWF), and (3) with steel slag aggregates (SSA) and SWF. After evaluating the microwave heating capacity of the three asphalt mixtures with a thermographic camera, their self-healing performance was determined with fracture or fatigue tests and microwave heating recovery cycles. The results demonstrated that the mixtures with SSA and SWF promoted higher heating temperatures and presented the best self-healing capacity during the semicircular bending test and heating cycles, with significant strength recovery after a total fracture. In contrast, the mixtures without SSA presented inferior fracture results. Both the conventional mixture and that containing SSA and SWF presented high healing indexes after the four-point bending fatigue test and heating cycles, with a fatigue life recovery of around 150% after applying two healing cycles. Therefore, the conclusion is that SSA greatly influences the self-healing performance of asphalt mixtures after microwave radiation heating.</description><subject>Aggregates</subject><subject>Asphalt mixes</subject><subject>Asphalt pavements</subject><subject>Bend tests</subject><subject>Bending fatigue</subject><subject>Bituminous materials</subject><subject>By products</subject><subject>Concrete</subject><subject>Crack propagation</subject><subject>Cracks</subject><subject>Efficiency</subject><subject>Emissions</subject><subject>Energy consumption</subject><subject>Fatigue</subject><subject>Fatigue cracks</subject><subject>Fatigue failure</subject><subject>Fatigue life</subject><subject>Fatigue testing machines</subject><subject>Fatigue tests</subject><subject>Infrastructure</subject><subject>Iron</subject><subject>Materials</subject><subject>Microwaves</subject><subject>Performance indices</subject><subject>Radiant heating</subject><subject>Radiation</subject><subject>Recovery</subject><subject>Slag</subject><subject>Steel fibers</subject><subject>Steel production</subject><subject>Sustainability</subject><subject>Thermal expansion</subject><subject>Thermography</subject><subject>Viscoelasticity</subject><issn>1996-1944</issn><issn>1996-1944</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkt9rFDEQxxdRbKl98Q-QgC8ibM2v3U2e5CitFSqKV5_D7O5kL2V3cybZVh_9z81xZ61OAgkzn-8kw0xRvGT0TAhN303AakZFw_iT4phpXZdMS_n00f2oOI3xlmYTgimunxdHouGSCdEcF79uNkgurMUuEW_JJ9cFfw93SL5C7yA5P5O8U4bWONryCmF080C-YLA-TDB3uJOt4nYDY8ryH2kJGMm9SxuyTogjWY8wkNUwBBwg5RDM_SFy6VoM8UXxzMIY8fRwnhTfLi9uzq_K688fPp6vrstONiyVDSBQ2oBCRanqOcoaGahWy0rwGjWT2dWDFdpSKlvVdoxVVmCrqgoaa8VJ8X6fd7u0E_YdzinAaLbBTRB-Gg_O_BuZ3cYM_s4wyrMpmTO8OWQI_vuCMZnJxQ7HEWb0SzRccUqZbDjN6Ov_0Fu_hDnXl6ldU7imVabO9tQAIxo3W58f7vLqcXKdn9G67F81FdWa1ZXKgrd7Qe5SjAHtw_cZNbtxMH_HIcOvHhf8gP5pvvgNRyCvyg</recordid><startdate>20230513</startdate><enddate>20230513</enddate><creator>Loureiro, Carlos D A</creator><creator>Silva, Hugo M R D</creator><creator>Oliveira, Joel R M</creator><creator>Costa, Nuno L S</creator><creator>Palha, Carlos A O</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4677-4581</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8077-9792</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4589-5250</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230513</creationdate><title>The Effect of Microwave Radiation on the Self-Healing Performance of Asphalt Mixtures with Steel Slag Aggregates and Steel Fibers</title><author>Loureiro, Carlos D A ; Silva, Hugo M R D ; Oliveira, Joel R M ; Costa, Nuno L S ; Palha, Carlos A O</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c471t-7aea007a8e8008d2e46e1a8b945326e9142e4daf39f004b8bc115f3eb855a7ff3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Aggregates</topic><topic>Asphalt mixes</topic><topic>Asphalt pavements</topic><topic>Bend tests</topic><topic>Bending fatigue</topic><topic>Bituminous materials</topic><topic>By products</topic><topic>Concrete</topic><topic>Crack propagation</topic><topic>Cracks</topic><topic>Efficiency</topic><topic>Emissions</topic><topic>Energy consumption</topic><topic>Fatigue</topic><topic>Fatigue cracks</topic><topic>Fatigue failure</topic><topic>Fatigue life</topic><topic>Fatigue testing machines</topic><topic>Fatigue tests</topic><topic>Infrastructure</topic><topic>Iron</topic><topic>Materials</topic><topic>Microwaves</topic><topic>Performance indices</topic><topic>Radiant heating</topic><topic>Radiation</topic><topic>Recovery</topic><topic>Slag</topic><topic>Steel fibers</topic><topic>Steel production</topic><topic>Sustainability</topic><topic>Thermal expansion</topic><topic>Thermography</topic><topic>Viscoelasticity</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Loureiro, Carlos D A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Silva, Hugo M R D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oliveira, Joel R M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Costa, Nuno L S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Palha, Carlos A O</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Materials</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Loureiro, Carlos D A</au><au>Silva, Hugo M R D</au><au>Oliveira, Joel R M</au><au>Costa, Nuno L S</au><au>Palha, Carlos A O</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Effect of Microwave Radiation on the Self-Healing Performance of Asphalt Mixtures with Steel Slag Aggregates and Steel Fibers</atitle><jtitle>Materials</jtitle><addtitle>Materials (Basel)</addtitle><date>2023-05-13</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>3712</spage><pages>3712-</pages><issn>1996-1944</issn><eissn>1996-1944</eissn><abstract>Self-healing in asphalt mixtures is a property that can be enhanced by external heating, which causes a thermal expansion that increases the flow of bitumen with reduced viscosity through the cracks. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effects of microwave heating on the self-healing performance of three asphalt mixtures: (1) conventional, (2) with steel wool fibers (SWF), and (3) with steel slag aggregates (SSA) and SWF. After evaluating the microwave heating capacity of the three asphalt mixtures with a thermographic camera, their self-healing performance was determined with fracture or fatigue tests and microwave heating recovery cycles. The results demonstrated that the mixtures with SSA and SWF promoted higher heating temperatures and presented the best self-healing capacity during the semicircular bending test and heating cycles, with significant strength recovery after a total fracture. In contrast, the mixtures without SSA presented inferior fracture results. Both the conventional mixture and that containing SSA and SWF presented high healing indexes after the four-point bending fatigue test and heating cycles, with a fatigue life recovery of around 150% after applying two healing cycles. Therefore, the conclusion is that SSA greatly influences the self-healing performance of asphalt mixtures after microwave radiation heating.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>37241337</pmid><doi>10.3390/ma16103712</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4677-4581</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8077-9792</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4589-5250</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Aggregates Asphalt mixes Asphalt pavements Bend tests Bending fatigue Bituminous materials By products Concrete Crack propagation Cracks Efficiency Emissions Energy consumption Fatigue Fatigue cracks Fatigue failure Fatigue life Fatigue testing machines Fatigue tests Infrastructure Iron Materials Microwaves Performance indices Radiant heating Radiation Recovery Slag Steel fibers Steel production Sustainability Thermal expansion Thermography Viscoelasticity |
| title | The Effect of Microwave Radiation on the Self-Healing Performance of Asphalt Mixtures with Steel Slag Aggregates and Steel Fibers |
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