Probability of Concurrent Deficiency of Vitamin D and Iron in Hypothyroidism: A Cross-Sectional Study
Hypothyroidism is the most common pathophysiological condition that affects mostly females in both developed and developing countries. Data on hypothyroidism among adult females are essential to understand the underactive status of the thyroid gland among the female population and its correlated eff...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) CA), 2023-04, Vol.15 (4), p.e37152-e37152 |
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| creator | Shimmi, Sadia Choudhury Eldosouky, Hossameldin F Hossain Parash, M Tanveer Wan Saudi, Wan Salman |
| description | Hypothyroidism is the most common pathophysiological condition that affects mostly females in both developed and developing countries. Data on hypothyroidism among adult females are essential to understand the underactive status of the thyroid gland among the female population and its correlated effects on a deficiency of vitamin D and iron, as effective prevention of osteoporotic changes and iron deficiency anemia is possible. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the probability of concurrent iron and vitamin D deficiency among the adult hypothyroid female population of Abu Dhabi, UAE.
This cross-sectional study was carried out from September 2019 to July 2021 among 500 adult females aged 18 to 45 years old in Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City (SSMC) and Sheikh Khalifa Medical City (SKMC), Abu Dhabi, UAE. After obtaining written informed consent, subjects' demographic characteristics (sun exposure, dressing code, food consumption), anthropometry (height, weight, BMI), and biochemical parameters (thyroid profile, vitamin D profile, iron profile, and blood indices) were measured.
In this study, serum vitamin D and iron levels were significantly (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.7759/cureus.37152 |
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This cross-sectional study was carried out from September 2019 to July 2021 among 500 adult females aged 18 to 45 years old in Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City (SSMC) and Sheikh Khalifa Medical City (SKMC), Abu Dhabi, UAE. After obtaining written informed consent, subjects' demographic characteristics (sun exposure, dressing code, food consumption), anthropometry (height, weight, BMI), and biochemical parameters (thyroid profile, vitamin D profile, iron profile, and blood indices) were measured.
In this study, serum vitamin D and iron levels were significantly (p<0.01) decreased in the hypothyroid female group (study group). The serum vitamin D and iron levels showed a significant negative (p<0.01) correlation with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Out of 250 study group participants, 61 had a concurrent deficiency of serum vitamin D and iron, yielding a probability (P of low vitamin D and iron and hypothyroidism) of 0.244, which indicates that if 1000 hypothyroid patients are tested for serum vitamin D and iron levels, 24 patients are probable to have low vitamin D and iron.
The study concluded that vitamin D and iron bi-deficiency were observed in adult hypothyroid females in Abu Dhabi, UAE. So, the routine check-up of thyroid function and vitamin D and iron profiles should be done early. Therefore, early vitamin D and iron deficiencies can be detected, and supplements can be given to prevent further health complications like osteoporosis and iron deficiency anemia.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2168-8184</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2168-8184</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37152</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37153231</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Cureus Inc</publisher><subject>Age ; Anemia ; Body mass index ; Cross-sectional studies ; Disease ; Dress codes ; Endocrinology/Diabetes/Metabolism ; Females ; Hemoglobin ; Hypothyroidism ; Iodine ; Iron ; Laboratories ; Medical research ; Overweight ; Patients ; Public Health ; Questionnaires ; Sample size ; Thyroid gland ; Vitamin D ; Vitamin deficiency</subject><ispartof>Curēus (Palo Alto, CA), 2023-04, Vol.15 (4), p.e37152-e37152</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2023, Shimmi et al.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2023, Shimmi et al. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2023, Shimmi et al. 2023 Shimmi et al.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2152-98c48c45c3e4e2094f5bc4145f89fdfb6186b77779a7e2f088296bf2baee17763</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10161284/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10161284/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,728,781,785,886,27929,27930,53796,53798</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37153231$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Shimmi, Sadia Choudhury</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eldosouky, Hossameldin F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hossain Parash, M Tanveer</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wan Saudi, Wan Salman</creatorcontrib><title>Probability of Concurrent Deficiency of Vitamin D and Iron in Hypothyroidism: A Cross-Sectional Study</title><title>Curēus (Palo Alto, CA)</title><addtitle>Cureus</addtitle><description>Hypothyroidism is the most common pathophysiological condition that affects mostly females in both developed and developing countries. Data on hypothyroidism among adult females are essential to understand the underactive status of the thyroid gland among the female population and its correlated effects on a deficiency of vitamin D and iron, as effective prevention of osteoporotic changes and iron deficiency anemia is possible. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the probability of concurrent iron and vitamin D deficiency among the adult hypothyroid female population of Abu Dhabi, UAE.
This cross-sectional study was carried out from September 2019 to July 2021 among 500 adult females aged 18 to 45 years old in Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City (SSMC) and Sheikh Khalifa Medical City (SKMC), Abu Dhabi, UAE. After obtaining written informed consent, subjects' demographic characteristics (sun exposure, dressing code, food consumption), anthropometry (height, weight, BMI), and biochemical parameters (thyroid profile, vitamin D profile, iron profile, and blood indices) were measured.
In this study, serum vitamin D and iron levels were significantly (p<0.01) decreased in the hypothyroid female group (study group). The serum vitamin D and iron levels showed a significant negative (p<0.01) correlation with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Out of 250 study group participants, 61 had a concurrent deficiency of serum vitamin D and iron, yielding a probability (P of low vitamin D and iron and hypothyroidism) of 0.244, which indicates that if 1000 hypothyroid patients are tested for serum vitamin D and iron levels, 24 patients are probable to have low vitamin D and iron.
The study concluded that vitamin D and iron bi-deficiency were observed in adult hypothyroid females in Abu Dhabi, UAE. So, the routine check-up of thyroid function and vitamin D and iron profiles should be done early. Therefore, early vitamin D and iron deficiencies can be detected, and supplements can be given to prevent further health complications like osteoporosis and iron deficiency anemia.</description><subject>Age</subject><subject>Anemia</subject><subject>Body mass index</subject><subject>Cross-sectional studies</subject><subject>Disease</subject><subject>Dress codes</subject><subject>Endocrinology/Diabetes/Metabolism</subject><subject>Females</subject><subject>Hemoglobin</subject><subject>Hypothyroidism</subject><subject>Iodine</subject><subject>Iron</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Overweight</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Public Health</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>Sample size</subject><subject>Thyroid gland</subject><subject>Vitamin D</subject><subject>Vitamin deficiency</subject><issn>2168-8184</issn><issn>2168-8184</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkc1rFTEUxYNYbKnduZaAGxdOzc18JONGymu1hYJC1W3IZG5sykzyTGaE-e-bea-W2hBIwv1xbs49hLwBdipE3X40c8Q5nZYCav6CHHFoZCFBVi-f3A_JSUp3jDFggjPBXpHDlS95CUcEv8fQ6c4NblposHQTfNaM6Cd6jtYZh97sCr_cpEfn6TnVvqdXMXiaX5fLNky3Swyud2n8RM_oJoaUihs0kwteD_RmmvvlNTmwekh48nAek59fLn5sLovrb1-vNmfXheHZQNFKU-VdmxIr5KytbN2ZCqraytb2tmtANp3Iq9UCuWVS8rbpLO80IgjRlMfk8153O3cj9ibbiHpQ2-hGHRcVtFP_V7y7Vb_DXwUMGuCyygrvHxRi-DNjmtToksFh0B7DnBSXAOtkd83ePUPvwhyz55XiwBsOLcvUhz1l1sFEtI-_AabWDNU-Q7XLMONvnzp4hP8lVt4D6tuYxg</recordid><startdate>20230405</startdate><enddate>20230405</enddate><creator>Shimmi, Sadia Choudhury</creator><creator>Eldosouky, Hossameldin F</creator><creator>Hossain Parash, M Tanveer</creator><creator>Wan Saudi, Wan Salman</creator><general>Cureus Inc</general><general>Cureus</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20230405</creationdate><title>Probability of Concurrent Deficiency of Vitamin D and Iron in Hypothyroidism: A Cross-Sectional Study</title><author>Shimmi, Sadia Choudhury ; Eldosouky, Hossameldin F ; Hossain Parash, M Tanveer ; Wan Saudi, Wan Salman</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c2152-98c48c45c3e4e2094f5bc4145f89fdfb6186b77779a7e2f088296bf2baee17763</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Age</topic><topic>Anemia</topic><topic>Body mass index</topic><topic>Cross-sectional studies</topic><topic>Disease</topic><topic>Dress codes</topic><topic>Endocrinology/Diabetes/Metabolism</topic><topic>Females</topic><topic>Hemoglobin</topic><topic>Hypothyroidism</topic><topic>Iodine</topic><topic>Iron</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>Overweight</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Public Health</topic><topic>Questionnaires</topic><topic>Sample size</topic><topic>Thyroid gland</topic><topic>Vitamin D</topic><topic>Vitamin deficiency</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Shimmi, Sadia Choudhury</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eldosouky, Hossameldin F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hossain Parash, M Tanveer</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wan Saudi, Wan Salman</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Curēus (Palo Alto, CA)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Shimmi, Sadia Choudhury</au><au>Eldosouky, Hossameldin F</au><au>Hossain Parash, M Tanveer</au><au>Wan Saudi, Wan Salman</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Probability of Concurrent Deficiency of Vitamin D and Iron in Hypothyroidism: A Cross-Sectional Study</atitle><jtitle>Curēus (Palo Alto, CA)</jtitle><addtitle>Cureus</addtitle><date>2023-04-05</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>e37152</spage><epage>e37152</epage><pages>e37152-e37152</pages><issn>2168-8184</issn><eissn>2168-8184</eissn><abstract>Hypothyroidism is the most common pathophysiological condition that affects mostly females in both developed and developing countries. Data on hypothyroidism among adult females are essential to understand the underactive status of the thyroid gland among the female population and its correlated effects on a deficiency of vitamin D and iron, as effective prevention of osteoporotic changes and iron deficiency anemia is possible. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the probability of concurrent iron and vitamin D deficiency among the adult hypothyroid female population of Abu Dhabi, UAE.
This cross-sectional study was carried out from September 2019 to July 2021 among 500 adult females aged 18 to 45 years old in Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City (SSMC) and Sheikh Khalifa Medical City (SKMC), Abu Dhabi, UAE. After obtaining written informed consent, subjects' demographic characteristics (sun exposure, dressing code, food consumption), anthropometry (height, weight, BMI), and biochemical parameters (thyroid profile, vitamin D profile, iron profile, and blood indices) were measured.
In this study, serum vitamin D and iron levels were significantly (p<0.01) decreased in the hypothyroid female group (study group). The serum vitamin D and iron levels showed a significant negative (p<0.01) correlation with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Out of 250 study group participants, 61 had a concurrent deficiency of serum vitamin D and iron, yielding a probability (P of low vitamin D and iron and hypothyroidism) of 0.244, which indicates that if 1000 hypothyroid patients are tested for serum vitamin D and iron levels, 24 patients are probable to have low vitamin D and iron.
The study concluded that vitamin D and iron bi-deficiency were observed in adult hypothyroid females in Abu Dhabi, UAE. So, the routine check-up of thyroid function and vitamin D and iron profiles should be done early. Therefore, early vitamin D and iron deficiencies can be detected, and supplements can be given to prevent further health complications like osteoporosis and iron deficiency anemia.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Cureus Inc</pub><pmid>37153231</pmid><doi>10.7759/cureus.37152</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Age Anemia Body mass index Cross-sectional studies Disease Dress codes Endocrinology/Diabetes/Metabolism Females Hemoglobin Hypothyroidism Iodine Iron Laboratories Medical research Overweight Patients Public Health Questionnaires Sample size Thyroid gland Vitamin D Vitamin deficiency |
| title | Probability of Concurrent Deficiency of Vitamin D and Iron in Hypothyroidism: A Cross-Sectional Study |
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