Telesurgery and telesurgical support using a double-surgeon cockpit system allowing manipulation from two locations
Background Although several studies on telesurgery have been reported globally, a clinically applicable technique has not yet been developed. As part of a telesurgical study series conducted by the Japan Surgical Society, this study describes the first application of a double-surgeon cockpit system...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Surgical endoscopy 2023-08, Vol.37 (8), p.6071-6078 |
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| creator | Oki, Eiji Ota, Mitsuhiko Nakanoko, Tomonori Tanaka, Yasushi Toyota, Satoshi Hu, Qingjiang Nakaji, Yu Nakanishi, Ryota Ando, Koji Kimura, Yasue Hisamatsu, Yuichi Mimori, Koshi Takahashi, Yoshiya Morohashi, Hajime Kanno, Takahiro Tadano, Kotaro Kawashima, Kenji Takano, Hironobu Ebihara, Yuma Shiota, Masaki Inokuchi, Junichi Eto, Masatoshi Yoshizumi, Tomoharu Hakamada, Kenichi Hirano, Satoshi Mori, Masaki |
| description | Background
Although several studies on telesurgery have been reported globally, a clinically applicable technique has not yet been developed. As part of a telesurgical study series conducted by the Japan Surgical Society, this study describes the first application of a double-surgeon cockpit system to telesurgery.
Methods
Surgeon cockpits were installed at a local site and a remote site 140 km away. Three healthy pigs weighing between 26 and 29 kg were selected for surgery. Non-specialized surgeons performed emergency hemostasis, cholecystectomy, and renal vein ligation with remote assistance using the double-surgeon cockpits and specialized surgeons performed actual telesurgery. Additionally, the impact of adding internet protocol security (IPsec) encryption to the internet protocol-virtual private network (IP-VPN) line on communication was evaluated to address clinical security concerns.
Results
The average time required for remote emergency hemostasis with the double-surgeon cockpit system was 10.64 s. A non-specialized surgeon could safely perform cholecystectomy or renal vein ligation with remote assistance. Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skills and System Usability Scale scores were higher for telesurgical support-assisted surgery by a non-specialized surgeon using the double-surgeon cockpits than for telesurgery performed by a specialized surgeon without the double-cockpit system. Adding IPsec encryption to the IP-VPN did not have a significant impact on communication.
Conclusion
Telesurgical support through our double-surgeon cockpit system is feasible as first step toward clinical telesurgery. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00464-023-10061-6 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_10150667</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2836110023</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c589t-eec7e15b07f7d9dba1be2dbb54281e188c1667dee143803e13b4bec52bc8496c3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kU9v1DAQxS1ERZeFL8ABWeLCJdRjJ45zQqiiBalSL-Vs2c7skuLEwY5b7bfH3V3Kn0NP1nh-82aeHiFvgH0AxtqzxFgt64pxUZVaQiWfkRXUglecg3pOVqwTrOJtV5-SlyndssJ30Lwgp6IFLqHjK5Ju0GPKcYtxR83U0-VYD854mvI8h7jQnIZpSw3tQ7Yeqz0fJuqC-zEPC027tOBIjffh_gEczTTM2ZtlKNAmhpEu94H64PY_6RU52Rif8PXxXZNvF59vzr9UV9eXX88_XVWuUd1SIboWobGs3bR911sDFnlvbVNzBQhKOZCy7RGLZcUEgrC1Rddw61TdSSfW5ONBd852xN7htETj9RyH0cSdDmbQ_3am4bvehjsNDBpWtIvC-6NCDD8zpkWPQ3LovZkw5KS5YoqDVGX9mrz7D70NOU7FX6GEhJIQF4XiB8rFkFLEzeM1wPRDqPoQqi6w3oeqZRl6-7ePx5HfKRZAHIBUWlOJ8s_uJ2R_AXyrsO8</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2836110023</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Telesurgery and telesurgical support using a double-surgeon cockpit system allowing manipulation from two locations</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerLink (Online service)</source><creator>Oki, Eiji ; Ota, Mitsuhiko ; Nakanoko, Tomonori ; Tanaka, Yasushi ; Toyota, Satoshi ; Hu, Qingjiang ; Nakaji, Yu ; Nakanishi, Ryota ; Ando, Koji ; Kimura, Yasue ; Hisamatsu, Yuichi ; Mimori, Koshi ; Takahashi, Yoshiya ; Morohashi, Hajime ; Kanno, Takahiro ; Tadano, Kotaro ; Kawashima, Kenji ; Takano, Hironobu ; Ebihara, Yuma ; Shiota, Masaki ; Inokuchi, Junichi ; Eto, Masatoshi ; Yoshizumi, Tomoharu ; Hakamada, Kenichi ; Hirano, Satoshi ; Mori, Masaki</creator><creatorcontrib>Oki, Eiji ; Ota, Mitsuhiko ; Nakanoko, Tomonori ; Tanaka, Yasushi ; Toyota, Satoshi ; Hu, Qingjiang ; Nakaji, Yu ; Nakanishi, Ryota ; Ando, Koji ; Kimura, Yasue ; Hisamatsu, Yuichi ; Mimori, Koshi ; Takahashi, Yoshiya ; Morohashi, Hajime ; Kanno, Takahiro ; Tadano, Kotaro ; Kawashima, Kenji ; Takano, Hironobu ; Ebihara, Yuma ; Shiota, Masaki ; Inokuchi, Junichi ; Eto, Masatoshi ; Yoshizumi, Tomoharu ; Hakamada, Kenichi ; Hirano, Satoshi ; Mori, Masaki</creatorcontrib><description>Background
Although several studies on telesurgery have been reported globally, a clinically applicable technique has not yet been developed. As part of a telesurgical study series conducted by the Japan Surgical Society, this study describes the first application of a double-surgeon cockpit system to telesurgery.
Methods
Surgeon cockpits were installed at a local site and a remote site 140 km away. Three healthy pigs weighing between 26 and 29 kg were selected for surgery. Non-specialized surgeons performed emergency hemostasis, cholecystectomy, and renal vein ligation with remote assistance using the double-surgeon cockpits and specialized surgeons performed actual telesurgery. Additionally, the impact of adding internet protocol security (IPsec) encryption to the internet protocol-virtual private network (IP-VPN) line on communication was evaluated to address clinical security concerns.
Results
The average time required for remote emergency hemostasis with the double-surgeon cockpit system was 10.64 s. A non-specialized surgeon could safely perform cholecystectomy or renal vein ligation with remote assistance. Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skills and System Usability Scale scores were higher for telesurgical support-assisted surgery by a non-specialized surgeon using the double-surgeon cockpits than for telesurgery performed by a specialized surgeon without the double-cockpit system. Adding IPsec encryption to the IP-VPN did not have a significant impact on communication.
Conclusion
Telesurgical support through our double-surgeon cockpit system is feasible as first step toward clinical telesurgery.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0930-2794</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-2218</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00464-023-10061-6</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37126192</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Abdominal Surgery ; Animals ; Cholecystectomy ; Gastroenterology ; Gynecology ; Hepatology ; Humans ; Internet Protocol ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Proctology ; Surgeons ; Surgery ; Swine ; Telemedicine ; Telemedicine - methods ; Virtual private networks</subject><ispartof>Surgical endoscopy, 2023-08, Vol.37 (8), p.6071-6078</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><rights>2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.</rights><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023, Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c589t-eec7e15b07f7d9dba1be2dbb54281e188c1667dee143803e13b4bec52bc8496c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c589t-eec7e15b07f7d9dba1be2dbb54281e188c1667dee143803e13b4bec52bc8496c3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-9763-9366</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00464-023-10061-6$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00464-023-10061-6$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37126192$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Oki, Eiji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ota, Mitsuhiko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakanoko, Tomonori</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tanaka, Yasushi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Toyota, Satoshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hu, Qingjiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakaji, Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakanishi, Ryota</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ando, Koji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kimura, Yasue</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hisamatsu, Yuichi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mimori, Koshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Takahashi, Yoshiya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morohashi, Hajime</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kanno, Takahiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tadano, Kotaro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kawashima, Kenji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Takano, Hironobu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ebihara, Yuma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shiota, Masaki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Inokuchi, Junichi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eto, Masatoshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yoshizumi, Tomoharu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hakamada, Kenichi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hirano, Satoshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mori, Masaki</creatorcontrib><title>Telesurgery and telesurgical support using a double-surgeon cockpit system allowing manipulation from two locations</title><title>Surgical endoscopy</title><addtitle>Surg Endosc</addtitle><addtitle>Surg Endosc</addtitle><description>Background
Although several studies on telesurgery have been reported globally, a clinically applicable technique has not yet been developed. As part of a telesurgical study series conducted by the Japan Surgical Society, this study describes the first application of a double-surgeon cockpit system to telesurgery.
Methods
Surgeon cockpits were installed at a local site and a remote site 140 km away. Three healthy pigs weighing between 26 and 29 kg were selected for surgery. Non-specialized surgeons performed emergency hemostasis, cholecystectomy, and renal vein ligation with remote assistance using the double-surgeon cockpits and specialized surgeons performed actual telesurgery. Additionally, the impact of adding internet protocol security (IPsec) encryption to the internet protocol-virtual private network (IP-VPN) line on communication was evaluated to address clinical security concerns.
Results
The average time required for remote emergency hemostasis with the double-surgeon cockpit system was 10.64 s. A non-specialized surgeon could safely perform cholecystectomy or renal vein ligation with remote assistance. Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skills and System Usability Scale scores were higher for telesurgical support-assisted surgery by a non-specialized surgeon using the double-surgeon cockpits than for telesurgery performed by a specialized surgeon without the double-cockpit system. Adding IPsec encryption to the IP-VPN did not have a significant impact on communication.
Conclusion
Telesurgical support through our double-surgeon cockpit system is feasible as first step toward clinical telesurgery.</description><subject>Abdominal Surgery</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Cholecystectomy</subject><subject>Gastroenterology</subject><subject>Gynecology</subject><subject>Hepatology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Internet Protocol</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Proctology</subject><subject>Surgeons</subject><subject>Surgery</subject><subject>Swine</subject><subject>Telemedicine</subject><subject>Telemedicine - methods</subject><subject>Virtual private networks</subject><issn>0930-2794</issn><issn>1432-2218</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU9v1DAQxS1ERZeFL8ABWeLCJdRjJ45zQqiiBalSL-Vs2c7skuLEwY5b7bfH3V3Kn0NP1nh-82aeHiFvgH0AxtqzxFgt64pxUZVaQiWfkRXUglecg3pOVqwTrOJtV5-SlyndssJ30Lwgp6IFLqHjK5Ju0GPKcYtxR83U0-VYD854mvI8h7jQnIZpSw3tQ7Yeqz0fJuqC-zEPC027tOBIjffh_gEczTTM2ZtlKNAmhpEu94H64PY_6RU52Rif8PXxXZNvF59vzr9UV9eXX88_XVWuUd1SIboWobGs3bR911sDFnlvbVNzBQhKOZCy7RGLZcUEgrC1Rddw61TdSSfW5ONBd852xN7htETj9RyH0cSdDmbQ_3am4bvehjsNDBpWtIvC-6NCDD8zpkWPQ3LovZkw5KS5YoqDVGX9mrz7D70NOU7FX6GEhJIQF4XiB8rFkFLEzeM1wPRDqPoQqi6w3oeqZRl6-7ePx5HfKRZAHIBUWlOJ8s_uJ2R_AXyrsO8</recordid><startdate>20230801</startdate><enddate>20230801</enddate><creator>Oki, Eiji</creator><creator>Ota, Mitsuhiko</creator><creator>Nakanoko, Tomonori</creator><creator>Tanaka, Yasushi</creator><creator>Toyota, Satoshi</creator><creator>Hu, Qingjiang</creator><creator>Nakaji, Yu</creator><creator>Nakanishi, Ryota</creator><creator>Ando, Koji</creator><creator>Kimura, Yasue</creator><creator>Hisamatsu, Yuichi</creator><creator>Mimori, Koshi</creator><creator>Takahashi, Yoshiya</creator><creator>Morohashi, Hajime</creator><creator>Kanno, Takahiro</creator><creator>Tadano, Kotaro</creator><creator>Kawashima, Kenji</creator><creator>Takano, Hironobu</creator><creator>Ebihara, Yuma</creator><creator>Shiota, Masaki</creator><creator>Inokuchi, Junichi</creator><creator>Eto, Masatoshi</creator><creator>Yoshizumi, Tomoharu</creator><creator>Hakamada, Kenichi</creator><creator>Hirano, Satoshi</creator><creator>Mori, Masaki</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9763-9366</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230801</creationdate><title>Telesurgery and telesurgical support using a double-surgeon cockpit system allowing manipulation from two locations</title><author>Oki, Eiji ; Ota, Mitsuhiko ; Nakanoko, Tomonori ; Tanaka, Yasushi ; Toyota, Satoshi ; Hu, Qingjiang ; Nakaji, Yu ; Nakanishi, Ryota ; Ando, Koji ; Kimura, Yasue ; Hisamatsu, Yuichi ; Mimori, Koshi ; Takahashi, Yoshiya ; Morohashi, Hajime ; Kanno, Takahiro ; Tadano, Kotaro ; Kawashima, Kenji ; Takano, Hironobu ; Ebihara, Yuma ; Shiota, Masaki ; Inokuchi, Junichi ; Eto, Masatoshi ; Yoshizumi, Tomoharu ; Hakamada, Kenichi ; Hirano, Satoshi ; Mori, Masaki</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c589t-eec7e15b07f7d9dba1be2dbb54281e188c1667dee143803e13b4bec52bc8496c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Abdominal Surgery</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Cholecystectomy</topic><topic>Gastroenterology</topic><topic>Gynecology</topic><topic>Hepatology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Internet Protocol</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Proctology</topic><topic>Surgeons</topic><topic>Surgery</topic><topic>Swine</topic><topic>Telemedicine</topic><topic>Telemedicine - methods</topic><topic>Virtual private networks</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Oki, Eiji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ota, Mitsuhiko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakanoko, Tomonori</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tanaka, Yasushi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Toyota, Satoshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hu, Qingjiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakaji, Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakanishi, Ryota</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ando, Koji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kimura, Yasue</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hisamatsu, Yuichi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mimori, Koshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Takahashi, Yoshiya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morohashi, Hajime</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kanno, Takahiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tadano, Kotaro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kawashima, Kenji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Takano, Hironobu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ebihara, Yuma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shiota, Masaki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Inokuchi, Junichi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eto, Masatoshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yoshizumi, Tomoharu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hakamada, Kenichi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hirano, Satoshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mori, Masaki</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health Journals</collection><collection>ProQuest Health and Medical</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>PML(ProQuest Medical Library)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Surgical endoscopy</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Oki, Eiji</au><au>Ota, Mitsuhiko</au><au>Nakanoko, Tomonori</au><au>Tanaka, Yasushi</au><au>Toyota, Satoshi</au><au>Hu, Qingjiang</au><au>Nakaji, Yu</au><au>Nakanishi, Ryota</au><au>Ando, Koji</au><au>Kimura, Yasue</au><au>Hisamatsu, Yuichi</au><au>Mimori, Koshi</au><au>Takahashi, Yoshiya</au><au>Morohashi, Hajime</au><au>Kanno, Takahiro</au><au>Tadano, Kotaro</au><au>Kawashima, Kenji</au><au>Takano, Hironobu</au><au>Ebihara, Yuma</au><au>Shiota, Masaki</au><au>Inokuchi, Junichi</au><au>Eto, Masatoshi</au><au>Yoshizumi, Tomoharu</au><au>Hakamada, Kenichi</au><au>Hirano, Satoshi</au><au>Mori, Masaki</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Telesurgery and telesurgical support using a double-surgeon cockpit system allowing manipulation from two locations</atitle><jtitle>Surgical endoscopy</jtitle><stitle>Surg Endosc</stitle><addtitle>Surg Endosc</addtitle><date>2023-08-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>37</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>6071</spage><epage>6078</epage><pages>6071-6078</pages><issn>0930-2794</issn><eissn>1432-2218</eissn><abstract>Background
Although several studies on telesurgery have been reported globally, a clinically applicable technique has not yet been developed. As part of a telesurgical study series conducted by the Japan Surgical Society, this study describes the first application of a double-surgeon cockpit system to telesurgery.
Methods
Surgeon cockpits were installed at a local site and a remote site 140 km away. Three healthy pigs weighing between 26 and 29 kg were selected for surgery. Non-specialized surgeons performed emergency hemostasis, cholecystectomy, and renal vein ligation with remote assistance using the double-surgeon cockpits and specialized surgeons performed actual telesurgery. Additionally, the impact of adding internet protocol security (IPsec) encryption to the internet protocol-virtual private network (IP-VPN) line on communication was evaluated to address clinical security concerns.
Results
The average time required for remote emergency hemostasis with the double-surgeon cockpit system was 10.64 s. A non-specialized surgeon could safely perform cholecystectomy or renal vein ligation with remote assistance. Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skills and System Usability Scale scores were higher for telesurgical support-assisted surgery by a non-specialized surgeon using the double-surgeon cockpits than for telesurgery performed by a specialized surgeon without the double-cockpit system. Adding IPsec encryption to the IP-VPN did not have a significant impact on communication.
Conclusion
Telesurgical support through our double-surgeon cockpit system is feasible as first step toward clinical telesurgery.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><pmid>37126192</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00464-023-10061-6</doi><tpages>8</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9763-9366</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0930-2794 |
| ispartof | Surgical endoscopy, 2023-08, Vol.37 (8), p.6071-6078 |
| issn | 0930-2794 1432-2218 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_10150667 |
| source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink (Online service) |
| subjects | Abdominal Surgery Animals Cholecystectomy Gastroenterology Gynecology Hepatology Humans Internet Protocol Medicine Medicine & Public Health Proctology Surgeons Surgery Swine Telemedicine Telemedicine - methods Virtual private networks |
| title | Telesurgery and telesurgical support using a double-surgeon cockpit system allowing manipulation from two locations |
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