Selective Laser Melting Additive Manufactured Tantalum: Effect of Microstructure and Impurities on the Strengthening-Toughing Mechanism
The balance between the strength and the toughness of pure tantalum (Ta) fabricated with selective laser melting (SLM) additive manufacturing is a major challenge due to the defect generation and affinity for oxygen and nitrogen. This study investigated the effects of energy density and post-vacuum...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Materials 2023-04, Vol.16 (8), p.3161 |
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| creator | Lian, Fengjun Chen, Longqing Wu, Changgui Zhao, Zhuang Tang, Jingang Zhu, Jun |
| description | The balance between the strength and the toughness of pure tantalum (Ta) fabricated with selective laser melting (SLM) additive manufacturing is a major challenge due to the defect generation and affinity for oxygen and nitrogen. This study investigated the effects of energy density and post-vacuum annealing on the relative density and microstructure of SLMed tantalum. The influences of microstructure and impurities on strength and toughness were mainly analyzed. The results indicated that the toughness of SLMed tantalum significantly increased due to a reduction in pore defects and oxygen-nitrogen impurities, with energy density decreasing from 342 J/mm
to 190 J/mm
. The oxygen impurities mainly stemmed from the gas inclusions of tantalum powders, while nitrogen impurities were mainly from the chemical reaction between the molten liquid tantalum and nitrogen in the atmosphere. The proportion of texture decreased after vacuum-annealing at 1200 °C, while that of the texture increased. Concurrently, the density of dislocations and small-angle grain boundaries significantly decreased while the resistance of the deformation dislocation slip was significantly reduced, enhancing the fractured elongation up to 28% at the expense of 14% tensile strength. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ma16083161 |
| format | Article |
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to 190 J/mm
. The oxygen impurities mainly stemmed from the gas inclusions of tantalum powders, while nitrogen impurities were mainly from the chemical reaction between the molten liquid tantalum and nitrogen in the atmosphere. The proportion of texture decreased after vacuum-annealing at 1200 °C, while that of the texture increased. Concurrently, the density of dislocations and small-angle grain boundaries significantly decreased while the resistance of the deformation dislocation slip was significantly reduced, enhancing the fractured elongation up to 28% at the expense of 14% tensile strength.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ma16083161</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37109997</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Additive manufacturing ; Aerospace industry ; Annealing ; Chemical reactions ; Crystal defects ; Density ; Dislocation density ; Elongation ; Energy ; Grain boundaries ; Heat treating ; Impurities ; Inclusions ; Laser beam melting ; Lasers ; Mechanical properties ; Metal products ; Microstructure ; Nitrogen ; Nuclear industry ; Oxygen ; Particle size ; Powder metallurgy ; Powders ; Solid solutions ; Specific gravity ; Tantalum ; Tensile strength ; Texture ; Vacuum annealing ; Yield stress</subject><ispartof>Materials, 2023-04, Vol.16 (8), p.3161</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2023 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2023 by the authors. 2023</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c446t-569e62a984ae0065a6df6092c1c0060ecfc034c1b461567aa6116719e910c6403</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c446t-569e62a984ae0065a6df6092c1c0060ecfc034c1b461567aa6116719e910c6403</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2050-5383</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10143127/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10143127/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37109997$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lian, Fengjun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Longqing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Changgui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Zhuang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tang, Jingang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Jun</creatorcontrib><title>Selective Laser Melting Additive Manufactured Tantalum: Effect of Microstructure and Impurities on the Strengthening-Toughing Mechanism</title><title>Materials</title><addtitle>Materials (Basel)</addtitle><description>The balance between the strength and the toughness of pure tantalum (Ta) fabricated with selective laser melting (SLM) additive manufacturing is a major challenge due to the defect generation and affinity for oxygen and nitrogen. This study investigated the effects of energy density and post-vacuum annealing on the relative density and microstructure of SLMed tantalum. The influences of microstructure and impurities on strength and toughness were mainly analyzed. The results indicated that the toughness of SLMed tantalum significantly increased due to a reduction in pore defects and oxygen-nitrogen impurities, with energy density decreasing from 342 J/mm
to 190 J/mm
. The oxygen impurities mainly stemmed from the gas inclusions of tantalum powders, while nitrogen impurities were mainly from the chemical reaction between the molten liquid tantalum and nitrogen in the atmosphere. The proportion of texture decreased after vacuum-annealing at 1200 °C, while that of the texture increased. Concurrently, the density of dislocations and small-angle grain boundaries significantly decreased while the resistance of the deformation dislocation slip was significantly reduced, enhancing the fractured elongation up to 28% at the expense of 14% tensile strength.</description><subject>Additive manufacturing</subject><subject>Aerospace industry</subject><subject>Annealing</subject><subject>Chemical reactions</subject><subject>Crystal defects</subject><subject>Density</subject><subject>Dislocation density</subject><subject>Elongation</subject><subject>Energy</subject><subject>Grain boundaries</subject><subject>Heat treating</subject><subject>Impurities</subject><subject>Inclusions</subject><subject>Laser beam melting</subject><subject>Lasers</subject><subject>Mechanical properties</subject><subject>Metal products</subject><subject>Microstructure</subject><subject>Nitrogen</subject><subject>Nuclear industry</subject><subject>Oxygen</subject><subject>Particle size</subject><subject>Powder metallurgy</subject><subject>Powders</subject><subject>Solid solutions</subject><subject>Specific gravity</subject><subject>Tantalum</subject><subject>Tensile strength</subject><subject>Texture</subject><subject>Vacuum annealing</subject><subject>Yield stress</subject><issn>1996-1944</issn><issn>1996-1944</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkt9vFCEQxzdGY5vaF_8AQ-KLMdkKCwuHL-bSVNvkLj70fCaUHfZoduHkRxP_Av9tuV5bq_DAMHy-M8xkmuYtwWeUSvxp1oTjBSWcvGiOiZS8JZKxl8_so-Y0pVtcF6Vk0cnXzREVBEspxXHz-xomMNndAVrpBBGtYcrOj2g5DO7evda-WG1yiTCgjfZZT2X-jC6srToULFo7E0PKsdwzSPsBXc27EqscEgoe5S2g6xzBj9XyNXi7CWXc7rOswWy1d2l-07yyekpw-nCeND--XmzOL9vV929X58tVaxjjue25BN5puWAaMOa95oPlWHaGmHrFYKzBlBlywzjpudCaE8IFkSAJNpxhetJ8OcTdlZsZBgM-Rz2pXXSzjr9U0E79--LdVo3hThFMGCWdqBE-PESI4WeBlNXskoFp0h5CSapbYCE72nekou__Q29Dib7Wt6d4L3ohF5U6O1CjnkA5b0NNbOoeYHYmeLCu-peCidqCjnZV8PEg2Pc9RbBP3ydY7YdC_R2KCr97XvAT-jgC9A8VB7Ln</recordid><startdate>20230417</startdate><enddate>20230417</enddate><creator>Lian, Fengjun</creator><creator>Chen, Longqing</creator><creator>Wu, Changgui</creator><creator>Zhao, Zhuang</creator><creator>Tang, Jingang</creator><creator>Zhu, Jun</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2050-5383</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230417</creationdate><title>Selective Laser Melting Additive Manufactured Tantalum: Effect of Microstructure and Impurities on the Strengthening-Toughing Mechanism</title><author>Lian, Fengjun ; Chen, Longqing ; Wu, Changgui ; Zhao, Zhuang ; Tang, Jingang ; Zhu, Jun</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c446t-569e62a984ae0065a6df6092c1c0060ecfc034c1b461567aa6116719e910c6403</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Additive manufacturing</topic><topic>Aerospace industry</topic><topic>Annealing</topic><topic>Chemical reactions</topic><topic>Crystal defects</topic><topic>Density</topic><topic>Dislocation density</topic><topic>Elongation</topic><topic>Energy</topic><topic>Grain boundaries</topic><topic>Heat treating</topic><topic>Impurities</topic><topic>Inclusions</topic><topic>Laser beam melting</topic><topic>Lasers</topic><topic>Mechanical properties</topic><topic>Metal products</topic><topic>Microstructure</topic><topic>Nitrogen</topic><topic>Nuclear industry</topic><topic>Oxygen</topic><topic>Particle size</topic><topic>Powder metallurgy</topic><topic>Powders</topic><topic>Solid solutions</topic><topic>Specific gravity</topic><topic>Tantalum</topic><topic>Tensile strength</topic><topic>Texture</topic><topic>Vacuum annealing</topic><topic>Yield stress</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lian, Fengjun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Longqing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Changgui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Zhuang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tang, Jingang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Jun</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Materials</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lian, Fengjun</au><au>Chen, Longqing</au><au>Wu, Changgui</au><au>Zhao, Zhuang</au><au>Tang, Jingang</au><au>Zhu, Jun</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Selective Laser Melting Additive Manufactured Tantalum: Effect of Microstructure and Impurities on the Strengthening-Toughing Mechanism</atitle><jtitle>Materials</jtitle><addtitle>Materials (Basel)</addtitle><date>2023-04-17</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>3161</spage><pages>3161-</pages><issn>1996-1944</issn><eissn>1996-1944</eissn><abstract>The balance between the strength and the toughness of pure tantalum (Ta) fabricated with selective laser melting (SLM) additive manufacturing is a major challenge due to the defect generation and affinity for oxygen and nitrogen. This study investigated the effects of energy density and post-vacuum annealing on the relative density and microstructure of SLMed tantalum. The influences of microstructure and impurities on strength and toughness were mainly analyzed. The results indicated that the toughness of SLMed tantalum significantly increased due to a reduction in pore defects and oxygen-nitrogen impurities, with energy density decreasing from 342 J/mm
to 190 J/mm
. The oxygen impurities mainly stemmed from the gas inclusions of tantalum powders, while nitrogen impurities were mainly from the chemical reaction between the molten liquid tantalum and nitrogen in the atmosphere. The proportion of texture decreased after vacuum-annealing at 1200 °C, while that of the texture increased. Concurrently, the density of dislocations and small-angle grain boundaries significantly decreased while the resistance of the deformation dislocation slip was significantly reduced, enhancing the fractured elongation up to 28% at the expense of 14% tensile strength.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>37109997</pmid><doi>10.3390/ma16083161</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2050-5383</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Materials, 2023-04, Vol.16 (8), p.3161 |
| issn | 1996-1944 1996-1944 |
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| source | PubMed Central Open Access; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Additive manufacturing Aerospace industry Annealing Chemical reactions Crystal defects Density Dislocation density Elongation Energy Grain boundaries Heat treating Impurities Inclusions Laser beam melting Lasers Mechanical properties Metal products Microstructure Nitrogen Nuclear industry Oxygen Particle size Powder metallurgy Powders Solid solutions Specific gravity Tantalum Tensile strength Texture Vacuum annealing Yield stress |
| title | Selective Laser Melting Additive Manufactured Tantalum: Effect of Microstructure and Impurities on the Strengthening-Toughing Mechanism |
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