Incretins in obesity and diabetes

Incretins are hormones secreted from enteroendocrine cells after nutrient intake that stimulate insulin secretion from β cells in a glucose‐dependent manner. Glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) are the only two known incretins. Dysregulation of incr...

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Veröffentlicht in:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2020-02, Vol.1461 (1), p.104-126
Hauptverfasser: Chia, Chee W., Egan, Josephine M.
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description Incretins are hormones secreted from enteroendocrine cells after nutrient intake that stimulate insulin secretion from β cells in a glucose‐dependent manner. Glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) are the only two known incretins. Dysregulation of incretin secretion and actions are noted in diseases such as obesity and diabetes. In this review, we first summarize our traditional understanding of the physiology of GIP and GLP‐1, and our current knowledge of the relationships between GIP and GLP‐1 and obesity and diabetes. Next, we present the results from major randomized controlled trials on the use of GLP‐1 receptor agonists for managing type 2 diabetes, and emerging data on treating obesity and prediabetes. We conclude with a glimpse of the future with possible complex interactions between nutrients, gut microbiota, the endocannabinoid system, and enteroendocrine cells.
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subjects Animals
Beta cells
Cannabinoids
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism
Endocannabinoid system
Endocannabinoids - metabolism
Food intake
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
GIP
GLP-1 receptor agonists
GLP‐1
Glucagon
Glucose
Guidelines as Topic
Hormones
Humans
incretins
Incretins - metabolism
Insulin
Insulin secretion
Intestinal microflora
Microbiota
Nutrients
Obesity
Obesity - metabolism
Polypeptides
Secretion
title Incretins in obesity and diabetes
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