Von Willebrand factor, thrombomodulin, thromboxane, beta-thromboglobulin and markers of fibrinolysis in primary Raynaud's phenomenon and systemic sclerosis

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether measurement of different markers of endothelial damage, activation of coagulation, and platelet activation might differentiate between patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon (PRP), limited cutaneous and diffuse systemic sclerosis (lcSSc and dSSc), and healthy...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Annals of the rheumatic diseases 1996-02, Vol.55 (2), p.122-127
Hauptverfasser: Herrick, A L, Illingworth, K, Blann, A, Hay, C R, Hollis, S, Jayson, M I
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page 127
container_issue 2
container_start_page 122
container_title Annals of the rheumatic diseases
container_volume 55
creator Herrick, A L
Illingworth, K
Blann, A
Hay, C R
Hollis, S
Jayson, M I
description OBJECTIVE: To determine whether measurement of different markers of endothelial damage, activation of coagulation, and platelet activation might differentiate between patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon (PRP), limited cutaneous and diffuse systemic sclerosis (lcSSc and dSSc), and healthy control subjects. METHODS: Under carefully controlled conditions, fasting blood was drawn from 19 healthy control subjects, 10 patients with PRP, 17 with lcSSc and nine with dSSc for measurement of the following: von Willebrand factor (VWF) and soluble thrombomodulin as markers of endothelial damage/activation, thromboxane (as thromboxane B2) and beta-thromboglobulin as markers of platelet activation, and tissue plasminogen activator antigen, tissue plasminogen activator activity and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) as markers of fibrinolysis. RESULTS: VWF was increased significantly in patients with SSc, and there was also a linear trend for thromboxane and tissue plasminogen activator antigen (in addition to VWF) to differentiate between different subgroups of patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. Patients with dSSc had the highest values. A combined index of VWF and thromboxane showed a highly significant trend across the four groups studied. CONCLUSION: VWF, and to a lesser extent thromboxane and tissue plasminogen activator antigen, are associated with disease severity in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. Prospective studies are now required to establish if these parameters can be used as markers of disease progression.
doi_str_mv 10.1136/ard.55.2.122
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_1010106</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>78124802</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-b537t-84c76742c0dce21d44415642f5824b96935f3fb3241b1b1eb49f30a0421858183</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkl2L1DAUhoso6-zqnbdCQNm9mY75TnojuINfuCqIrpchadOdjGkzJq3s_Bb_rClTBvVCCaWk73NO3r45RfEIwRVChD_TsVkxtsIrhPGdYoEolyWGHN4tFhBCUtKKi_vFaUrbvIUSyZPiRAqEJceL4ud16MFX5701UfcNaHU9hLgEwyaGzoQuNKN3_XF_q3u7BMYOupy_3PhgJgRM1Z2O32xMILSgdSa6Pvh9cglkeRddVvfgk973emwuEthtbB-6_Bxq0z4NtnM1SLW3MeSyB8W9VvtkH87vs-LLq5ef12_Kq4-v365fXJWGETGUktaCC4pr2NQWo4ZSihinuGUSU1PxirCWtIZgikxe1tCqJVBDipFkOQ5yVjw_9N2NprO5ST9E7dXsWAXt1J9K7zbqJvxQCE6L5wbnc4MYvo82Dapzqbbe57TCmJSQCFMJ8X_B7Lui2VcGn_wFbsMY-5yCQoJXglAmpnOXB6rOeaVo26NnBNU0GyrPhmJMYZVnI-OPf__PIzwPQ9afzrpOtfZtHojapSOGKwkln-IqD5jLF3Z7lPPVKy6IYOrD9Vq9v7zk7xAkauIvDrzptv82-AsZ5OAH</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1769734576</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Von Willebrand factor, thrombomodulin, thromboxane, beta-thromboglobulin and markers of fibrinolysis in primary Raynaud's phenomenon and systemic sclerosis</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><creator>Herrick, A L ; Illingworth, K ; Blann, A ; Hay, C R ; Hollis, S ; Jayson, M I</creator><creatorcontrib>Herrick, A L ; Illingworth, K ; Blann, A ; Hay, C R ; Hollis, S ; Jayson, M I</creatorcontrib><description>OBJECTIVE: To determine whether measurement of different markers of endothelial damage, activation of coagulation, and platelet activation might differentiate between patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon (PRP), limited cutaneous and diffuse systemic sclerosis (lcSSc and dSSc), and healthy control subjects. METHODS: Under carefully controlled conditions, fasting blood was drawn from 19 healthy control subjects, 10 patients with PRP, 17 with lcSSc and nine with dSSc for measurement of the following: von Willebrand factor (VWF) and soluble thrombomodulin as markers of endothelial damage/activation, thromboxane (as thromboxane B2) and beta-thromboglobulin as markers of platelet activation, and tissue plasminogen activator antigen, tissue plasminogen activator activity and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) as markers of fibrinolysis. RESULTS: VWF was increased significantly in patients with SSc, and there was also a linear trend for thromboxane and tissue plasminogen activator antigen (in addition to VWF) to differentiate between different subgroups of patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. Patients with dSSc had the highest values. A combined index of VWF and thromboxane showed a highly significant trend across the four groups studied. CONCLUSION: VWF, and to a lesser extent thromboxane and tissue plasminogen activator antigen, are associated with disease severity in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. Prospective studies are now required to establish if these parameters can be used as markers of disease progression.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0003-4967</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1468-2060</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1136/ard.55.2.122</identifier><identifier>PMID: 8712862</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ARDIAO</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism</publisher><subject>Adult ; Antigens - analysis ; beta-Thromboglobulin - metabolism ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biomarkers - blood ; Discriminant Analysis ; Female ; Fibrinolysis ; Humans ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 - blood ; Platelet Activation ; Raynaud Disease - blood ; Sarcoidosis. Granulomatous diseases of unproved etiology. Connective tissue diseases. Elastic tissue diseases. Vasculitis ; Scleroderma, Systemic - blood ; Thrombomodulin - metabolism ; Thromboxane B2 - blood ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator - blood ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator - immunology ; von Willebrand Factor - metabolism</subject><ispartof>Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 1996-02, Vol.55 (2), p.122-127</ispartof><rights>1996 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright BMJ Publishing Group LTD Feb 1996</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b537t-84c76742c0dce21d44415642f5824b96935f3fb3241b1b1eb49f30a0421858183</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-b537t-84c76742c0dce21d44415642f5824b96935f3fb3241b1b1eb49f30a0421858183</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1010106/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1010106/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27903,27904,53769,53771</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&amp;idt=2980868$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8712862$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Herrick, A L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Illingworth, K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blann, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hay, C R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hollis, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jayson, M I</creatorcontrib><title>Von Willebrand factor, thrombomodulin, thromboxane, beta-thromboglobulin and markers of fibrinolysis in primary Raynaud's phenomenon and systemic sclerosis</title><title>Annals of the rheumatic diseases</title><addtitle>Ann Rheum Dis</addtitle><description>OBJECTIVE: To determine whether measurement of different markers of endothelial damage, activation of coagulation, and platelet activation might differentiate between patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon (PRP), limited cutaneous and diffuse systemic sclerosis (lcSSc and dSSc), and healthy control subjects. METHODS: Under carefully controlled conditions, fasting blood was drawn from 19 healthy control subjects, 10 patients with PRP, 17 with lcSSc and nine with dSSc for measurement of the following: von Willebrand factor (VWF) and soluble thrombomodulin as markers of endothelial damage/activation, thromboxane (as thromboxane B2) and beta-thromboglobulin as markers of platelet activation, and tissue plasminogen activator antigen, tissue plasminogen activator activity and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) as markers of fibrinolysis. RESULTS: VWF was increased significantly in patients with SSc, and there was also a linear trend for thromboxane and tissue plasminogen activator antigen (in addition to VWF) to differentiate between different subgroups of patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. Patients with dSSc had the highest values. A combined index of VWF and thromboxane showed a highly significant trend across the four groups studied. CONCLUSION: VWF, and to a lesser extent thromboxane and tissue plasminogen activator antigen, are associated with disease severity in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. Prospective studies are now required to establish if these parameters can be used as markers of disease progression.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Antigens - analysis</subject><subject>beta-Thromboglobulin - metabolism</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biomarkers - blood</subject><subject>Discriminant Analysis</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fibrinolysis</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 - blood</subject><subject>Platelet Activation</subject><subject>Raynaud Disease - blood</subject><subject>Sarcoidosis. Granulomatous diseases of unproved etiology. Connective tissue diseases. Elastic tissue diseases. Vasculitis</subject><subject>Scleroderma, Systemic - blood</subject><subject>Thrombomodulin - metabolism</subject><subject>Thromboxane B2 - blood</subject><subject>Tissue Plasminogen Activator - blood</subject><subject>Tissue Plasminogen Activator - immunology</subject><subject>von Willebrand Factor - metabolism</subject><issn>0003-4967</issn><issn>1468-2060</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1996</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkl2L1DAUhoso6-zqnbdCQNm9mY75TnojuINfuCqIrpchadOdjGkzJq3s_Bb_rClTBvVCCaWk73NO3r45RfEIwRVChD_TsVkxtsIrhPGdYoEolyWGHN4tFhBCUtKKi_vFaUrbvIUSyZPiRAqEJceL4ud16MFX5701UfcNaHU9hLgEwyaGzoQuNKN3_XF_q3u7BMYOupy_3PhgJgRM1Z2O32xMILSgdSa6Pvh9cglkeRddVvfgk973emwuEthtbB-6_Bxq0z4NtnM1SLW3MeSyB8W9VvtkH87vs-LLq5ef12_Kq4-v365fXJWGETGUktaCC4pr2NQWo4ZSihinuGUSU1PxirCWtIZgikxe1tCqJVBDipFkOQ5yVjw_9N2NprO5ST9E7dXsWAXt1J9K7zbqJvxQCE6L5wbnc4MYvo82Dapzqbbe57TCmJSQCFMJ8X_B7Lui2VcGn_wFbsMY-5yCQoJXglAmpnOXB6rOeaVo26NnBNU0GyrPhmJMYZVnI-OPf__PIzwPQ9afzrpOtfZtHojapSOGKwkln-IqD5jLF3Z7lPPVKy6IYOrD9Vq9v7zk7xAkauIvDrzptv82-AsZ5OAH</recordid><startdate>19960201</startdate><enddate>19960201</enddate><creator>Herrick, A L</creator><creator>Illingworth, K</creator><creator>Blann, A</creator><creator>Hay, C R</creator><creator>Hollis, S</creator><creator>Jayson, M I</creator><general>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism</general><general>BMJ</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AF</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BTHHO</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9-</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0R</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19960201</creationdate><title>Von Willebrand factor, thrombomodulin, thromboxane, beta-thromboglobulin and markers of fibrinolysis in primary Raynaud's phenomenon and systemic sclerosis</title><author>Herrick, A L ; Illingworth, K ; Blann, A ; Hay, C R ; Hollis, S ; Jayson, M I</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b537t-84c76742c0dce21d44415642f5824b96935f3fb3241b1b1eb49f30a0421858183</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1996</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Antigens - analysis</topic><topic>beta-Thromboglobulin - metabolism</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biomarkers - blood</topic><topic>Discriminant Analysis</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fibrinolysis</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 - blood</topic><topic>Platelet Activation</topic><topic>Raynaud Disease - blood</topic><topic>Sarcoidosis. Granulomatous diseases of unproved etiology. Connective tissue diseases. Elastic tissue diseases. Vasculitis</topic><topic>Scleroderma, Systemic - blood</topic><topic>Thrombomodulin - metabolism</topic><topic>Thromboxane B2 - blood</topic><topic>Tissue Plasminogen Activator - blood</topic><topic>Tissue Plasminogen Activator - immunology</topic><topic>von Willebrand Factor - metabolism</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Herrick, A L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Illingworth, K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blann, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hay, C R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hollis, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jayson, M I</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>STEM Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>BMJ Journals</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Annals of the rheumatic diseases</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Herrick, A L</au><au>Illingworth, K</au><au>Blann, A</au><au>Hay, C R</au><au>Hollis, S</au><au>Jayson, M I</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Von Willebrand factor, thrombomodulin, thromboxane, beta-thromboglobulin and markers of fibrinolysis in primary Raynaud's phenomenon and systemic sclerosis</atitle><jtitle>Annals of the rheumatic diseases</jtitle><addtitle>Ann Rheum Dis</addtitle><date>1996-02-01</date><risdate>1996</risdate><volume>55</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>122</spage><epage>127</epage><pages>122-127</pages><issn>0003-4967</issn><eissn>1468-2060</eissn><coden>ARDIAO</coden><abstract>OBJECTIVE: To determine whether measurement of different markers of endothelial damage, activation of coagulation, and platelet activation might differentiate between patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon (PRP), limited cutaneous and diffuse systemic sclerosis (lcSSc and dSSc), and healthy control subjects. METHODS: Under carefully controlled conditions, fasting blood was drawn from 19 healthy control subjects, 10 patients with PRP, 17 with lcSSc and nine with dSSc for measurement of the following: von Willebrand factor (VWF) and soluble thrombomodulin as markers of endothelial damage/activation, thromboxane (as thromboxane B2) and beta-thromboglobulin as markers of platelet activation, and tissue plasminogen activator antigen, tissue plasminogen activator activity and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) as markers of fibrinolysis. RESULTS: VWF was increased significantly in patients with SSc, and there was also a linear trend for thromboxane and tissue plasminogen activator antigen (in addition to VWF) to differentiate between different subgroups of patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. Patients with dSSc had the highest values. A combined index of VWF and thromboxane showed a highly significant trend across the four groups studied. CONCLUSION: VWF, and to a lesser extent thromboxane and tissue plasminogen activator antigen, are associated with disease severity in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. Prospective studies are now required to establish if these parameters can be used as markers of disease progression.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism</pub><pmid>8712862</pmid><doi>10.1136/ard.55.2.122</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 0003-4967
ispartof Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 1996-02, Vol.55 (2), p.122-127
issn 0003-4967
1468-2060
language eng
recordid cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_1010106
source MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection
subjects Adult
Antigens - analysis
beta-Thromboglobulin - metabolism
Biological and medical sciences
Biomarkers - blood
Discriminant Analysis
Female
Fibrinolysis
Humans
Male
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 - blood
Platelet Activation
Raynaud Disease - blood
Sarcoidosis. Granulomatous diseases of unproved etiology. Connective tissue diseases. Elastic tissue diseases. Vasculitis
Scleroderma, Systemic - blood
Thrombomodulin - metabolism
Thromboxane B2 - blood
Tissue Plasminogen Activator - blood
Tissue Plasminogen Activator - immunology
von Willebrand Factor - metabolism
title Von Willebrand factor, thrombomodulin, thromboxane, beta-thromboglobulin and markers of fibrinolysis in primary Raynaud's phenomenon and systemic sclerosis
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-28T03%3A19%3A26IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Von%20Willebrand%20factor,%20thrombomodulin,%20thromboxane,%20beta-thromboglobulin%20and%20markers%20of%20fibrinolysis%20in%20primary%20Raynaud's%20phenomenon%20and%20systemic%20sclerosis&rft.jtitle=Annals%20of%20the%20rheumatic%20diseases&rft.au=Herrick,%20A%20L&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=122&rft.epage=127&rft.pages=122-127&rft.issn=0003-4967&rft.eissn=1468-2060&rft.coden=ARDIAO&rft_id=info:doi/10.1136/ard.55.2.122&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E78124802%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1769734576&rft_id=info:pmid/8712862&rfr_iscdi=true